Articles tagged with Mammalian Cells
Researchers developed a color-coded test that quickly signals whether medical nanoparticles deliver their cargo into target cells. The tool, tested in mouse cells and living mice, assesses nanoparticle formulations on their ability to escape cellular defenses and reach the cell's interior.
Researchers identify genetic circuit that senses cell development stage, triggering deactivation of X chromosome. The discovery reveals a division of labor among genetic switches, providing clues for future study on X chromosome inactivation.
Researchers discovered that human lung stem cells can undergo abnormal differentiation in response to injury from diseases like COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis. This aberrant process prevents the restoration of normal lung function, but the study also identified a potential therapeutic target for reversing damage.
Researchers analyzed the largest cross-species database to assess species-specific cancer mortality rates and found conclusive proof that cancer risk is largely independent of body mass and life expectancy. The study highlights potent mechanisms of cancer resistance in larger species, contradicting intuitive expectations.
Researchers developed a new technique to analyze brain cell development, finding that cells of similar types are often unrelated and can converge from different progenitors. Conversely, different cell types can diverge from the same progenitor, determining their fate during differentiation.
Researchers from UNIGE found that a single missing genetic switch can lead to clubfoot and other malformations by disrupting cellular activation. The study highlights the crucial role of genetic switches in developmental disorders, suggesting that flaws in these mechanisms may be responsible for numerous malformations.
A new study reveals that extracellular vesicles deliver genetic instructions for the longevity protein Klotho to muscle cells, which declines with age. This finding suggests that EVs could be developed into novel therapies for healing damaged muscle tissue and improving functional recovery in older individuals.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered that manipulating certain nerve cells may trigger the formation of new heart muscle cells, restoring heart function after heart attacks. The study found that removing specific genes associated with circadian rhythms increased neonatal heart size and cardiomyocyte numbers by up to 10%.
Researchers genetically mapped the cell types of the mouse iris, revealing four new cell types and mapping genetic changes that occur when the iris dilates. This research may help connect genetic similarities between mice and humans, offering clues for developing new diagnostic tests and treatments for eye diseases.
Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have developed a 3D map of blood vessels and stem cells in a mouse skull, revealing previously unknown niches for stem cell residence. The map provides precise locations of blood vessels and stem cells, which could be used to repair wounds and generate new bone tissue.
A study with lab-grown mouse cells reveals that lamin C plays a key role in maintaining the structural network under the cell's nucleus, ensuring proper DNA organization. This finding has significant implications for diagnosing and treating genetic disorders linked to DNA disorganization, such as progeria and muscular dystrophy.
Researchers at CNIC have identified the essential role of GPR126 in placental development, revealing its critical function in fetal growth and viability. The study also highlights a possible link between GPR126 dysfunction and pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that combining copper ions with a drug once used for treating alcoholism kills medulloblastoma cancer cells and prevents new ones from forming. The therapy also curtails the creation of cancer stem cells, which initiate tumor growth and recurrence.
Researchers have identified genetic mutations in genes CBP and p300 that drive radiation resistance in head and neck tumors. Inhibiting these proteins with certain drugs makes tumor cells more susceptible to radiotherapy.
Scientists have developed a method to synthesize nanocrystals in live cells through space-time coupled synthesis, enabling the creation of super biosystems. This approach has been successfully applied to various cell types, including yeast, bacteria, and mammalian cells.
Researchers from the CNIC and CIBERCV have created an animal model of HGPS, allowing them to study its effects and test treatments. They found that suppressing progerin expression and restoring lamin A can increase life expectancy by up to 84.5% in mice with mild symptoms, even if treatment is started late.
The NIH BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has published an atlas of cell types and neuronal wiring diagram for the mammalian primary motor cortex, derived from detailed studies of mice, monkeys, and humans. This comprehensive resource provides a foundation for further study of cell types in the rest of the brain.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine identified club cell factors that inhibit immunosuppressive cells in tumors, leading to increased antitumor T cells and improved effectiveness of PD1 immunotherapy. A
Researchers at Kyushu University successfully reconstitute the ovarian follicle from mouse stem cells, generating functional egg cells and growing viable mice. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for infertility and help conserve endangered animals through egg cell production.
A study analyzing 810 papers found that most cell culture experiments neglected environmental conditions, affecting the accuracy of results. The team recommends standard reporting procedures and instruments for better monitoring and control of culture environments.
Researchers investigated the oncogenicity of human LAT1 in NIH/3T3 cells, finding it to be a promising anti-cancer target. Anti-LAT1 monoclonal antibodies inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth, suggesting LAT1's potential for therapeutic development.
Researchers at the University of Oregon used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to target a specific mutation causing Fuchs' corneal dystrophy, preserving endothelial cell density and function. The study lays the groundwork for future research on using this technique to treat genetic disorders in post-mitotic cells.
Researchers discovered elevated cryptic transcription in aging mammalian stem cells, which is thought to contribute to the aging process. The study found that strategies controlling cryptic transcription may have pro-longevity effects.
A new study published in DNA Repair shows that hydroxychloroquine exhibits DNA-damaging and mutagenic effects at a clinically achievable dose. The findings suggest the possibility of additional side effects, particularly in patient populations, and emphasize the need for careful risk assessment and informed consent.
The study reveals that the structure of cytolysin subunits is crucial for their activity, with macrocycles playing a key role in stabilizing the molecule. The researchers also identified a hinge region important for the subunit's shape and membrane penetration capabilities.
Research found that cells with defective mitochondria and sequence changes in their genome are 'loser' cells in mouse embryos, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is a common characteristic of competing cells. The study suggests that mitochondrial activity may be a key determinant of cellular fitness in various biological contexts.
Researchers have found a vital mechanism that helps mammalian stem cells protect themselves from RNA viruses. The scientists suggest this could one day be exploited in the development of new antiviral treatments.
A study published in Cell Reports has shown that administration of senolytic drugs targeting 'zombie cells' in the scar tissue surrounding spinal cord injuries improves functional recovery. The zombie cells are senescent cells with interrupted growth and division but not programmed cell death, which persist in mammals and contribute to...
Scientists at UCSF have shown that gene-edited cellular therapeutics can effectively treat major diseases such as peripheral artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure. The study used specially engineered induced pluripotent stem cells called HIP cells to evade the immune system.
A team of researchers has deciphered the mechanisms leading to the concave shape of intestinal crypts and the migration movement of cells towards peaks. The study used a combination of computer modeling and in vitro experiments, revealing that mechanical forces exerted by cells control both processes.
Researchers developed a nanofiber-integrated cell encapsulation device that protects insulin-secreting cells from the immune system, allowing them to secrete insulin and control blood sugar levels. The implant was successful in mice with diabetes for up to 200 days without suppressing the immune system.
Researchers developed an algorithm to compare cell types in different species, revealing conserved genes and cell type families across evolutionary distances. The mapping method accounts for changes over millions of years, enabling biologists to trace the trajectory of cell types in organisms along the tree of life.
Eating a Western diet impairs gut immune function, increasing the risk of infection and inflammatory bowel disease. Paneth cell damage caused by high sugar and fat consumption can lead to excessive inflammation.
Researchers found glycoRNAs, sugar-coated RNAs, decorating the surface of mammalian cells, interacting with other molecules. This discovery upends the current understanding of how cells handle RNAs and glycans, opening a possible role for glycoRNAs in immune disease.
Researchers identified genetically marked neurons in a zebra finch's forebrain, revealing a landscape of physiology and network roles that mirror those in mammals. This breakthrough advances insight into the fundamental operation of complex brain circuits, suggesting ancient cell types retained features over millions of years.
Researchers at Penn Medicine discovered a new mechanism of lung tissue regeneration in infant lungs, where alveolar type 1 cells reprogram into alveolar type 2 cells after injury. This finding could impact the development of regenerative lung therapies and explain why COVID-19 affects children differently than adults.
MIT biologists discovered that cells are squeezed out of tissue when they can't replicate their DNA during cell division. This process, called extrusion, may serve as a way to eliminate cancerous or precancerous cells.
Researchers developed a method to visualize small tau protein aggregates forming under normal physiology, distinguishing them from pathological aggregates. The new approach uses high-resolution microscopy and machine learning to identify healthy tau aggregates, offering potential for new treatments for neurological diseases.
A research team at City University of Hong Kong developed a new microneedle technology to deliver living cells in a minimally invasive manner. The cryomicroneedles showed robust immune responses against tumors in mice, providing a promising alternative to conventional vaccination methods.
A new treatment has shown promising results in reducing the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by the flu in mice. The therapy, based on natural molecules, improves lung function and prevents progression of disease in infected animals.
A simple dietary supplement betaine reduces behavioral symptoms in mice with a genetic mutation that causes schizophrenia. Betaine supplements likely protect proteins that build neurons' cellular skeletons, restoring healthy structures.
Scientists have successfully generated human-monkey chimeric embryos, allowing them to study human development and disease under in vivo conditions. The research has the potential to provide new insights into evolutionary barriers to chimera generation and improve model systems for studying human biology.
A study by researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that the Distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) gene plays a significant role in directing cell fate in the mouse head. Higher expression levels of Dlx5 were linked to enhanced cartilage and bone formation, suggesting its importance in proper cranial development.
A comprehensive analysis of the molecular signatures of aging across diverse tissue cells in mice reveals coordinated global aging behavior. The study identifies shared aging genes and develops a single-cell aging score, shedding light on the complex aging process in different types of cells.
A study has produced a detailed molecular atlas of lung development, identifying critical cell types and signaling pathways. The researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing and ATAC sequencing to record gene expression in thousands of individual cells across the lifespan, revealing new insights into how alveoli develop and mature.
Researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China have developed nanozymes that produce surface-bound ROS to selectively kill bacteria. The selectivity is attributed to the surface-bound nature of ROS and an unexpected antidote role of endocytosis, a common process in mammalian cells but absent in bacteria.
A novel HIPK2 isoform is identified that promotes YAP/TEAD transcriptional activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells. The study suggests that this isoform may play an oncogenic role in NSCLC and could be a potential therapeutic target.
Scientists use monoclonal antibodies against the glucagon receptor to convert alpha cells into beta cells, significantly increasing the number of cells in the pancreas. This could potentially treat both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes by restoring natural insulin production.
Grafting neurons from monkeys' own cells into their brains relieved debilitating movement and depression symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. The autologous transplants showed significant improvements within six months, with dopamine levels doubling and tripled within a year.
Researchers developed a microchip to identify and separate baby mouse heart cells, allowing for the study of their physico-mechanical properties. The findings could provide insights into developing materials that repair heart tissue, with potential applications in cardiac patches, scaffolds, and hydrogels.
Researchers discovered a potential treatment approach for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome by blocking the ICMT protein, which improves affected cells without hindering growth and division. The study found that treating HGPS cells with C75, an ICMT inhibitor, delays cell deterioration and stimulates growth.
A new study reveals the immune system's 'tripwire' defense mechanism, which uses a protein called NLRP1 to detect and respond to invasive pathogens. This evolutionarily elegant way of detecting viral infection opens up new avenues for investigating potential future clinical applications.
Researchers found that newborn mice can recognize their mothers and prefer them over unfamiliar mothers, a preference that lasts into adulthood. The ability to form these memories is linked to the CA2 region of the hippocampus and is essential for long-lasting social interactions.
A new study led by the University of Tsukuba and NEI has discovered a brain circuit that allows monkeys to learn context-dependent object values. The researchers found that fast-spiking neurons in the basal ganglia control motor movements, including eye movements, when learning associations between objects and backgrounds.
Researchers at McMaster University have developed a new form of cultivated meat by stacking thin sheets of muscle and fat cells grown in a lab setting. The technique allows for the creation of slabs of meat with customizable fat content and marbling, making it a promising alternative to traditional meat production.
A groundbreaking study by Liu et al successfully transplanted adult human eye stem cells into monkeys' eyes, restoring normal vision and supporting photoreceptor function. The retinal pigment epithelium-derived cells showed no serious side effects and integrated stably for at least three months.
Researchers have mapped the origins of the embryonic mouse heart at single-cell resolution, identifying a pool of progenitor cells that form heart muscle cells and the early epicardium. This understanding could improve regenerative heart therapies and inform congenital heart defect research.
Researchers have developed a simple, high-throughput method for transferring isolated mitochondria into mammalian cells, allowing for the study of mitochondrial DNA diseases and potential treatments. The new device, MitoPunch, enables the transfer of mitochondria into thousands of recipient cells simultaneously.
A University of South Florida Health study reveals that flavored vaping products can disrupt the heart's normal electrical activity and increase the risk of cardiac rhythm disturbances. The study used cardiac cells and young mice to assess the toxicity of vape flavorings in cardiac cells.
The Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) research team discovered a key regulator, ZFAND3, that drives glioblastoma invasion by activating specific genes. Deactivating or overexpressing ZFAND3 in GBM cells impaired or enhanced their invasive capabilities, respectively.