Researchers at Aarhus University have developed a simple analytical model to predict chip formation and optimize surface finish in manufacturing processes. The study reveals the critical cutting depth for almost every material, tool geometry, and running conditions, minimizing tool wear and improving product quality.
Researchers developed a high-throughput platform to screen for new class of coronavirus antiviral compounds, targeting the macrodomain protein. The platform identified existing drugs that block macrodomain activity, including dasatinib, which shows promise as a potential treatment for COVID-19 and other coronaviruses.
A new epidemiological model, the stochastic social activity (SSA) model, combines real-world observations with mathematical equations to accurately describe COVID-19 wave and plateau dynamics. The model suggests that COVID-19 may become endemic in the global population, like the common cold or flu.
A research group at Tohoku University has successfully engineered relaxation time to achieve fast switching in sub-five-nm magnetic tunnel junctions, reaching 3.5 ns. This breakthrough enables the development of STT-MRAM-based semiconductor ICs with improved performance and power consumption.
Mona Jarrahi, a UCLA professor, has been awarded the IET A F Harvey Engineering Research Prize for her pioneering work in utilizing the electromagnetic spectrum. Her research aims to develop a hybrid methodology for designing systems with operation frequencies beyond traditional transistor technologies.
A review of 95 studies revealed that the percentage of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases varies significantly between individuals with confirmed infections and those who underwent testing. The analysis provides valuable insights into the prevalence of asymptomatic infections worldwide.
Researchers have discovered that a common class of targeted therapies can help more colorectal cancer patients than previously thought. By analyzing cell studies and computer modeling, the team identified 10 distinct RAS mutations that do not preclude the use of EGFR inhibitors, which are already approved for other uses.
Research comparing site-specific nutrient management approaches to existing farmer fertilization practices shows SSNM improves average rice yield by 644 kg/ha, increases profitability, and reduces N losses. SSNM also promotes better nutrient balance and considers micronutrients like zinc and iron.
A recent study by the University of Westminster found that meat eaters are more likely to choose vegetarian meals when they make up a majority of food offered. The choice tipping point occurred at 75% vegetarian menu options. Increasing plant-based food availability influences consumers' choices, promoting sustainable eating behaviors.
Researchers at the University of Eastern Finland have developed simpler measurement technologies for diagnosing sleep disorders, enabling more accurate analyses. The new methods use reusable sensors in home environments, reducing costs and increasing patient comfort.
Researchers simulated an attack that falsified mammogram images, fooling both AI breast cancer diagnosis models and human radiologist experts. The study highlights the need to develop ways to make AI models more robust to adversarial attacks, which could lead to incorrect cancer diagnoses.
Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of California, Berkeley, describe advances in understanding phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Better understanding liquid state physics may help accelerate technology development for the energy sector.
The Reframing Aging Initiative has launched a new website to improve public understanding of aging and reduce ageism. The initiative, led by the Gerontological Society of America, provides resources, tools, and strategies for individuals and organizations to adopt bias-free language and promote positive narratives about aging.
A study found that primary care clinicians prefer noninvasive options for patients who are unwilling to undergo invasive procedures, concerned about work time, or unconvinced of the need for screening. The researchers suggest tailoring recommendations to patient preferences to improve adherence to colorectal cancer screening.
Researchers developed nanoparticles that activate key cancer fighters by driving up immunity at the tumor site, improving interactions with antibody therapies. The technique left six of 10 mice with lymphoma tumor-free and was effective in melanoma when combined with existing immune response amplifiers.
A research study has developed the first national map showing the risk of exposure to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Spain's deer populations. The study, which analyzed over 1,500 deer from 82 populations, identified hot spots where most tick bites leading to human cases have occurred.
A molecule found in a nematode worm has shown promise in protecting the brains of stroke patients by reducing cell death and decreasing affected region size. Experimental treatments using glycolic acid have successfully salvaged threatened tissue in animal models, offering potential for reduced mortality and disability in stroke patients.
A new study published in Nature Food highlights the importance of methane abatement options in slowing down agriculture's contribution to global warming. The research shows that focusing on short-term effects of methane can lead to greater emission reductions, making low-meat diets a powerful mitigation mechanism.
Researchers at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg developed a rapid and precise method to analyze CBD oils, detecting both CBD and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with high accuracy. Twelve out of twelve tested samples contained about as much or slightly more CBD than indicated on their packaging.
A new consensus statement provides recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and care of individuals with achondroplasia across all life stages. The guidelines aim to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for those affected by this genetic disorder.
Researchers found that mutations in IL-7R are sufficient to trigger acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a common and aggressive cancer in children. The study suggests that drugs targeting this protein may offer new therapeutic options for patients.
A study published in eLife reveals that Ruby-throated hummingbirds employ an energy-conserving strategy called torpor to build fat stores for their 5,000-kilometre migrations. The birds adapt this strategy to conserve energy during different periods of the annual cycle.
A new research project, SYSTAM CHINA-SEACS, aims to develop systemic solutions to tackle both undernutrition and overweight, obesity or diet-related NCDs. The study will be piloted in the Chinese city of Fang Cheng Gang and has the potential to improve the health and living conditions of billions of people.
A team of UBC Okanagan researchers has developed a system to enhance interactions between humans and robots in industrial settings. The system uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to capture and analyze the environment, allowing robots to respond in a timely manner to ensure human safety.
Researchers have conducted a 16-year experiment to challenge Einstein's theory with pulsars, revealing relativistic effects for the first time and confirming predictions with precision. The study uses the unique Double Pulsar system, which consists of two orbiting radio pulsars, providing an ideal laboratory for testing gravity theories.
Researchers at UCSF developed a new technique using skin grafts with 'privacy glass' to provide a better facial color match for cancer patients. The study found that the technique resulted in a better match than other methods, with an average delta-E calculation of 6.3.
A new analysis found that low-income households in New Orleans lost nearly 35% of their income after Hurricane Katrina, while high-income households in NYC lost only 5.8%. The study highlights the need for diversified income sources to mitigate economic harm from extreme weather events.
Researchers developed a new way to create unique datasets during online exams, boosting their fairness and robustness. The technique uses bespoke lab videos, smart worksheets, and realistic data to provide instant feedback and aid marking.
Scientists at Hefei Institutes of Physical Science found that As/Sb elements can improve the band structure and band gap of SnTe, enhancing its thermoelectric properties. The results show that Ge-As co-doping in SnTe improves Seebeck coefficients, power factor, and conversion efficiency.
A new study published in Nature Communications reveals chemical heterogeneities in Apollo 17 sample troctolite 76535, indicating an early rapid cooling of the Moon. This finding challenges previous estimates of a 100-million-year cooling duration and supports initial rapid cooling of magmas within the lunar crust.
A 10,000-year-old female infant was buried with beads and pendants, indicating recognition of her as a full person in her society. The discovery provides insight into the early Mesolithic period and challenges previous assumptions about funerary practices during this time.
The Lupus Research Alliance has announced 11 recipients of the 2021 Lupus Innovation Award, supporting innovative approaches to understanding lupus and developing personalized therapies. The award will fund studies aiming to illuminate genetic causes of lupus and develop targeted treatments.
A study by UC Santa Barbara researchers found that both diet and temperature influence opaleye fish physiology and metabolism, but the effects are specific to each trait. Temperature made an enormous difference in growth rates, while diet had no effect on sprint speed or heart rate.
A KAUST-led team developed a biosensor that can detect biomolecules, including the COVID-19 spike protein, with high sensitivity and selectivity. The device uses solid-state metal oxide transistors and can be used to diagnose multiple diseases quickly and easily.
An international team of astronomers has created a new map of the Milky Way's outer disc using data from the Gaia space mission. The findings reveal many previously unknown coherently rotating filamentary structures at the edge of the disc.
Researchers found that minimally invasive spinal fusion surgery (MIS) was associated with significantly greater odds of patient satisfaction 3 months post-operatively, but not at 12 months. MIS procedures were also linked to less disability and pain at both time points.
Researchers found that the SARS-CoV-2 N-protein accelerates the formation of amyloid fibrils in test tube experiments, interacting with α-synuclein protein. This interaction may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease in COVID-19 patients.
NCAR's new WindCube mini-satellite will measure the intense heating of the Sun at high altitudes, improving models of the upper atmosphere. The satellite's data will help scientists better predict impacts on communication systems and satellites due to disruptions in Earth's upper atmosphere.
A new study by researchers at New York University Steinhardt found that classrooms with higher percentages of Black and Latinx students receive lower quality of teaching. The study, which analyzed data from the Measures of Effective Teaching database, suggests that racial biases among teachers contribute to these disparities.
Researchers from Monash University have developed a method to determine which genes are responsible for congenital heart disease (CHD). The technique identified 35 new genes not previously suspected in the disease, opening the way for more accurate pre-natal genetic testing.
A clinical trial has revealed that COVID-19 patients on ventilators have less surfactant in their lungs due to the virus. The researchers suggest that giving extra surfactant for a longer period could help save lives by supporting breathing and allowing lung cells to repair after the infection passes.
Researchers from Tel Aviv University have identified the biological mechanism causing nerve destruction in ALS, a fatal neurodegenerative disease. They found that TDP-43 protein accumulation in neuromuscular junctions inhibits local protein synthesis and mitochondrial activity, leading to degeneration and death of motor neurons.
A novel medical cooling system for preventing Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is being developed by the University of Huddersfield and Paxman. CIPN causes pain or sensitivity in hands and feet, delaying treatment. The new device uses 'Human Centred Design' to deliver stable cooling, tolerable over chemotherapy duration.
Research led by the University of Bristol and Peking University has found that China is responsible for over half of the global increase in dichloromethane emissions since 2011. The chemical, used as a solvent in various industrial applications, poses a significant threat to ozone layer recovery.
A new study found that media coverage of crises increases governments' emergency humanitarian aid allocations, regardless of the crisis's merit. In contrast, annual humanitarian aid budgets are unaffected by news coverage.
A new Journal of Nuclear Medicine supplement explores personalization of patient treatment through radiopharmaceutical dosimetry, addressing its benefits and challenges. The study reveals that tailoring drug dosage can enhance the efficacy of radiopharmaceutical therapy for cancer patients.
Despite low vaccine uptake, West Africa needs to boost vaccination efforts to achieve population-level immunity. To reach 50%, 60%, and 70% coverage after 9, 12, and 18 months, vaccination speeds must increase by 4, 7, and 10 times the current pace.
Researchers from Duke-NUS Medical School found that Zika virus infection disrupts the glucose metabolism pathway in infected foetuses, leading to birth defects and death. A potential supplement, pyruvic acid, may protect foetuses from these impacts.
Research reveals that the parietooccipital fissure acts as an obstacle to glioma invasion, with tumor cells making a detour around it. This finding highlights the importance of this fissure in determining the invasion pattern of posterior medial temporal gliomas.
Researchers found that in 2020, 93% of Guinea worms detected worldwide were in dogs in Chad. Dogs eating infected fish carry the parasite larvae, which means they maintain the life-cycle and humans can still catch the disease.
A small clinical trial found that high-pressure hyperbaric oxygen treatment resolved severe COVID-19 breathing difficulties faster than standard therapy, with significant improvements in oxygen saturation and reduced risk of complications. However, further larger trials are needed to confirm the treatment's effects on survival.
Dr. Mario Masellis' international team is receiving $320,198 in funding to examine the interplay between genetic, demographic, and cardiovascular factors on dementia risk. The project aims to improve management and prevention of dementia, ultimately reducing its impact worldwide.
Scientists have measured the speed of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, a bacterium causing citrus greening disease. The bacteria can colonize a tree in around 80-100 days, faster than symptoms appear, making it difficult to control.
Researchers identified specific metabolic vulnerabilities in leukemia cell lines, including sensitivity to PI3K and fatty acid synthase inhibitors. The study highlights the potential for targeted cancer therapy by exploiting these dependencies.
Researchers at UC3M have created an open laboratory for the population to participate in digitizing and analyzing archaeological heritage. Volunteers will receive training in archaeology, digital humanities, and software skills.
Physicists from the Technische Universität Dresden have confirmed an unusual movement of light-emitting particles in atomically-thin semiconductors. Excitons seem to move in opposite directions at the same time, a behavior previously known only for individual electrons.
A new NIH-funded study aims to test a program using a pharmacist-community health worker team to help patients with high blood pressure stay on track with their medication. The intervention addresses barriers to adherence, such as low health literacy and limited transportation access, through culturally relevant education and support.
Researchers at the University of Basel traced the neuronal fingerprint of sound processing in mouse brains, finding ten distinct activity patterns that depend on factors like attention, arousal, and reward. These findings suggest that even simple sound detection is a cognitive process that profoundly shapes brain activity.
Researchers have found evidence of joint ruptures, or shared earthquakes, between the San Andreas and san Jacinto faults in California. The Lytle Creek Ridge Fault, a small fault between the two major faults, acted as a passive marker during these events, with 20% to 23% of earthquakes on these faults being shared.
A group of Croatian students used photographs from iNaturalist to describe a new species of pygmy grasshopper, challenging traditional methods. The study highlights the potential of citizen science and encourages people to engage with nature to raise awareness about conservation.