The FDA has granted orphan drug status to Octagam 10%, the first and only IVIg treatment for adult dermatomyositis. The therapy is expected to become the first treatment option for adults with this rare disease, which affects approximately 10 out of every million U.S. residents.
Researchers discovered downregulated immune responses and upregulated T cell-exhaustion pathways in African American patients compared to European Americans. These findings suggest striking differences in immunoregulatory gene activities that may contribute to the worse prognosis of prostate cancer in Black Americans.
Researchers found that people expect good agents to be sensitive to intentions behind requests, while evil individuals are expected to be relatively insensitive. This study suggests that people's views of ordinary humans influence their expectations of supernatural characters.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered a way to transform cow manure into a manageable, ecologically friendly biochar fertilizer through pyrolysis. This process reduces water content from 90% to zero, alleviating environmental issues and saving farmers money.
A Spartan-led team has assembled the most complete picture of the bowfin genome to date, revealing striking similarities between bowfin gas bladder development and human lung development. This breakthrough provides a better model for studying human health and disease, with potential implications for understanding evolutionary history.
Researchers at Flinders University have created a cost-effective way to harvest microalgal biomass from wastewater ponds, producing a sustainable source of biofuels. The high-rate algal pond model uses algae and bacteria to treat wastewater, reducing treatment time to 5-10 days and minimizing costs.
Researchers developed a liquid-injecting self-orienting millimeter-scale applicator (L-SOMA) that administers typically injected liquid medications orally. In large animal preclinical models, the technology delivered four commonly injected medications with comparable results to injections.
Researchers developed scArches to compare single-cell genomics data with existing references, enabling accurate diagnosis of diseases like COVID-19. The algorithm uses transfer learning to preserve privacy and democratize the usage of single-cell reference atlases.
A new study using convection-permitting models reveals improved simulations of precipitation and atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau. The models reduce the wet bias in simulated precipitation by 47% and improve the simulation of large-scale circulation, leading to better moisture transport into and out of the plateau.
Researchers at UTHealth found that exoskeleton-assisted rehabilitation can be beneficial for stroke survivors, correcting impaired walking patterns and increasing motor coordination. The study used the Ekso 1.1 exoskeleton to guide patients with chronic post-stroke hemiplegia or hemiparesis in a 10-15 session training program over thre...
A new study found that half of pregnant women had low iron levels and one in four had severe iron deficiency, despite the prevalence being common. Researchers urge revisiting clinical guidelines to include ferritin testing as a routine part of maternal care.
Climate change and metal pollution have substantially altered Hong Kong's marine communities, particularly in eastern waters, according to a recent study published in Anthropocene. The researchers used small fossil shells to reconstruct the ecosystem over the last 50-100 years, revealing significant impacts on rare species.
The new technology uses a 'tuneable' infrared LED that can detect multiple materials, including bacteria in meat and potentially lethal gases. It has the potential to improve safety for firefighters, miners, and military personnel, as well as be integrated into smartphones and other devices.
A Cornell University study found that fewer than half of US workers were aware of emergency COVID-19 sick leave, which tripled instances of people being unable to take time off during the pandemic.
Research found a strong correlation between Aβ42 peptide levels in companion dog brains and cognitive decline, supporting the use of dogs as models for Alzheimer's disease. The study's results demonstrate the potential of canine cognitive dysfunction as a tool for understanding human aging and age-related diseases.
A team of researchers found that people rate cloned faces as eerier and more improbable than those with different faces, due to the violation of the one-to-one correspondence between face and identity. The 'clone devaluation effect' was stronger when the number of clone faces increased.
A new AI approach has been developed to identify patients with heart failure who will benefit from beta-blocker treatment. The study found that the AI method could accurately predict response to beta-blockers in both normal heart rhythm and atrial fibrillation patients, leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Nine out of ten patients with life-threatening diarrhoea can be cured by faecal microbiota transplantation, according to a European study. Denmark is at the forefront of introducing this treatment, with 25% of eligible patients receiving it, compared to just 10% in other countries.
A new protocol for prone positioning has been developed to improve oxygen levels in COVID-19 patients at high risk of dying. The technique, which involves turning patients on their front, shows dramatic improvements in oxygenation and is cost-effective, with studies suggesting longer periods may be more beneficial.
Researchers studied Northern California residents' responses to wildfire smoke, finding that social norms and social support significantly influence protective health actions. The study aims to promote safer behavior by understanding how people interact with information and make decisions during smoke events.
Researchers used computational fluid dynamics and deep learning to predict the risk of cerebrovascular thrombosis in patients with heart disease. The study developed a model that analyzes the morphology of the left atrial appendage, identifying key characteristics associated with thrombotic risk.
Researchers reviewed 79 studies on neurocognitive impairments and brain abnormalities associated with nonfatal opioid overdoses in humans. The findings suggest a link between overdose, cognitive impairment, and brain changes, which could influence attention span, memory, and executive function.
Scientists at Princeton University have created a novel approach to directing skin cells using an electrical field. By breaking molecular connections between cells and applying an electric field, researchers were able to improve the controllability of tissues and potentially optimize wound healing through electrical stimulation.
Researchers developed a model to predict the risk of death and unplanned cardiac hospitalization among patients awaiting cardiac surgery. The tool, based on an ethnically diverse group of 62,375 patients, identifies factors such as gender, urban residency, and cardiac symptoms that increase the risk of adverse events.
Researchers at Texas A&M University designed a new framework to create the most optimal oxygen concentrator, capable of producing high-purity oxygen and adapting to changing patient needs. The LiLSX-based system outperformed other zeolites in simulation tests.
A study found that people who form antibodies against the folded receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are protected from infection. However, 20% of those who recovered from Covid-19 fail to develop these antibodies.
A new study by the University of California, San Francisco found that consuming even one alcoholic drink can significantly increase the risk of atrial fibrillation. The research involved tracking 100 patients with documented AF and found that those who consumed more alcohol had higher odds of experiencing an AF episode.
A comprehensive review reveals how excessive fructose intake can disrupt metabolic pathways, leading to diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver disease, and heart disease. The study highlights the role of protein transporters, gluconeogenesis, and gene-level changes in regulating fructose metabolism.
A recent study by Mount Sinai researchers discovered that certain neurons in the brain's decision-making centers monitor body-state dynamics and hijack the decision-making process during intense states of arousal. This suggests that changes in heart rate and other bodily responses can impact the brain's ability to make rational decisions.
A recent study by University of Massachusetts Amherst found that fewer than 5% of well-child visits for privately insured young children included a recommended dental fluoride varnish application. This is concerning given the importance of this service in reducing tooth decay among children, which affects nearly 25% of 2- to 5-year-old...
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine found that COVID-19 vaccination elicited a response in nearly nine out of ten people with weakened immune systems. However, the responses were only about one-third as strong as those mounted by healthy people. Despite this, the discovery is encouraging news for a population at hig...
A new catalyst developed by Tokyo Tech researchers can generate hydrogen gas from ammonia at lower operating temperatures than existing methods. The calcium imide-supported Ni-catalyst produces good ammonia conversion and offers a promising solution for the production of clean hydrogen fuel.
Researchers sequenced the bowfin genome to investigate its unique combination of ancestral and advanced features. The study found unexpected insights into diverse aspects of bowfin biology, including the absence of key genes in its pectoral fin.
A new study found that tropical coral species in Western Australia's Kimberley region and offshore reefs are at risk of disappearing or moving south due to climate change. The research predicts a significant decline in coral biodiversity across the entire WA coastline, with many species likely to be driven to local extinction.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Nutrition found that healthy dietary patterns are associated with higher frequency of exercise and mental wellbeing in young adults. The researchers discovered that exercising within a healthy dietary pattern maximizes the beneficial effect of healthy food and minimizes the impact of triggers.
The study found that DNMT2/TRDMT1 gene knockout can affect the responses to senescence-inducing concentrations of doxorubicin and etoposide in different cancer cells. This may lead to diverse outcomes based on the type of cancer cells and anti-cancer drugs used.
Researchers from Tel Aviv and Berkeley Universities propose a model for seaweed farms to absorb nitrogen, reducing pollution in estuarine and marine environments. The study shows that these farms can produce a natural decontamination facility with significant ecological and economic value.
A new study highlights the need for a national policy to protect submerged Indigenous sites, which are at risk due to climate change, dredging, and seabed mining. Archaeological discoveries off the Pilbara coastline in Western Australia have uncovered ancient stone tools, rock art, and engravings dating back over 7,000 years.
A study published by the European Society of Human Genetics found that genetic testing can identify the cause of childhood epilepsy in half of those studied, allowing for tailored treatments. This breakthrough discovery has the potential to improve treatment possibilities and avoid unnecessary procedures.
Researchers have developed a new method to sequence and quantify plant endophytic bacterial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The newly designed primer sets effectively avoid plant-DNA contamination and provide good bacterial coverage, making them suitable for various plants.
A pan-Canadian randomized controlled trial is using digital communication to target common reasons for vaccine hesitancy, including age, language, and education level. Family physicians will receive tailored information to share with patients through email and text message, aiming to improve vaccine uptake.
A new study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia finds that bystander CPR using only chest compression has similar outcomes to not using CPR at all for infants experiencing cardiac arrest. In contrast, children who received CPR with rescue breathing had nearly 1.5 times better neurological outcomes.
Researchers found that having cameras on during virtual meetings increases fatigue, with correlations to reduced voice and engagement. The effects are stronger for women and employees newer to the organization, likely due to self-presentation pressures.
A new project aims to investigate the role of justifications in resolving norm conflicts and fostering trust between humans and autonomous agents. By demonstrating that justified actions can reduce moral disapproval, researchers hope to create norm-aware agents that prioritize safety over efficiency.
Researchers have determined the structure of a molecule that helps S. pneumoniae take up manganese, a mineral essential for its survival. This finding could aid in designing new drugs to block this pathway and deny the bacteria its manganese supply.
Researchers have developed a new model for micro-swimmer-based transport, which shows that a swarm of micro-swimmers can transport particles more efficiently than traditional methods. The study's findings suggest that this phenomenon could be useful in biological applications, such as delivering drugs to specific locations in the body.
A study in HNSC patients found that specific microRNAs, such as hsa-miR-203a-3p, mir-10a-5p, and miR-194-5p, are strongly associated with lymphovascular invasion (LVI). These miRNAs regulate biological pathways involved in tumor progression, making them potential prognostic indicators.
A new project aims to create a cell atlas of the pediatric heart, filling the knowledge gap in molecular mechanisms involved in childhood death causes. Researchers will analyze healthy heart tissue from children using single-cell analysis and gene expression studies.
A pilot study found that a single injection of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (PRP) significantly improved functional mobility, pain, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The study supports the use of this combined approach to evaluate emerging biological therapies for musculoskeletal disorders.
A recent Northwestern University study reveals that receiving a second dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine significantly boosts immunity against COVID-19. The research found that even prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 does not guarantee high antibody levels or robust response to the first vaccine dose, contradicting common assumptions.
Researchers from the National University of Singapore have identified three new urinary biomarkers that can detect consumption of ADB-BUTINACA, an emerging synthetic cannabinoid. The discovery will help boost global surveillance of synthetic cannabinoid abuse and aid in tackling the increasing abuse of this substance.
A study published in the American Journal of Transplantation found that Covid-19 vaccines stimulate different immune responses in organ transplant patients. While antibody tests alone are insufficient, combining vaccines with T cell analyses provides better protection.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have developed a set of compounds that target estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells in two different ways, potentially overcoming common drug-resistance issues. The compounds work by distorting the shape of the estrogen receptor and binding with two different molecular side chains, offering a n...
The European Society of Cardiology's new guidelines emphasize the importance of individualized risk estimation and tailored treatment approaches to prevent cardiovascular disease. The guidelines recommend a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation as key measures to reduce CVD risk.
Researchers found that early life irradiation-induced γH2AX foci persisted in adult mice, leading to brain aging and shortened lifespan. The study suggests a potential link between early life radiation exposure and later-stage neurodegenerative disorders.
A study of 100 adults with intermittent atrial fibrillation found that alcohol consumption significantly increased the risk for a near-term atrial fibrillation event. The association was more pronounced after one glass of alcohol and within a 4- to 6-hour time frame.
A Mayo Clinic study found that a combination of casirivimab and imdevimab reduced hospitalization rates among high-risk patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 by 60%–70%. The treatment allowed these patients to recover safely at home.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have found that innate lymphoid cells can specialize into killer cells that recognize and kill tumour cells. The study reveals a new transcription factor, Hobit, drives this specialization process.
Theoretical astrophysicist Kevin Heng has discovered an entire family of new mathematical solutions for calculating phase curves, enabling the analysis of data in seconds. These solutions have major implications for interpreting data, such as analyzing the Cassini spacecraft's Jupiter phase curves to infer a cloudy atmosphere.
A team of MIT engineers has developed a drug delivery capsule that can inject large quantities of monoclonal antibodies and other proteins into the stomach lining after being swallowed. The capsule overcomes a major challenge in delivering these drugs orally, which are usually administered via injections.