Jin Kim Montclare, a professor at NYU Tandon, has been named a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors for her groundbreaking research on engineered proteins. Her work has led to breakthroughs in removing pesticides from crops and developing novel protein-based delivery systems for cancer treatment.
Researchers and ethicists debate the risks and benefits of human challenge trials, which involve deliberately exposing healthy volunteers to coronavirus to test vaccine effectiveness. Despite potential risks, the expert argues that the massive benefits outweigh the concerns, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A study using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database found variation in heart transplant outcomes across US states between 2011 and 2016. The results showed that some states experienced significant improvements in survival rates, while others continued to struggle with poorer outcomes.
A meta-analysis of breast cancer survivors found they are less likely to get pregnant due to higher risks of complications. However, when they do conceive, most deliver healthy babies with no adverse effects on their long-term survival or overall health.
The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America has updated clinical recommendations on evaluating symptoms to diagnose infections in nursing home residents. The guidance emphasizes that subtle non-specific signs and symptoms should not automatically prompt a work-up for infection.
Researchers in Japan and China develop a novel system for treating saline water using direct solar steam generation, achieving higher evaporation rates and conversion efficiencies than existing methods. The 'energy matching' strategy balances input and required energy to optimize performance.
The pharmaceutical industry made significant strides in 2020, developing tests, therapeutics, and vaccines to combat COVID-19. Companies like Eli Lilly and Regeneron led the way in making antibody therapies, while Moderna used messenger RNA to develop a potential vaccine with promising early trial data.
The UTSA Institute for Economic Development is hosting the Texas Retail Academy to educate city leaders on retail and business recruitment, real estate, and small business support. Six communities in Texas have been selected to participate in the program, which aims to boost retail and small business growth.
A new study from Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego and the University of Chicago sheds light on the hotly contested debate of when plate subduction began. The research suggests that this process started around 3.75 billion years ago, reshaping Earth's surface and setting the stage for life.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have designed a hydrogel membrane with fine-toothed molecular combs that can prevent leakage of small molecules while allowing glucose to freely diffuse in and out. The membrane, made from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), could be used to form biosensors for monitoring sugar levels in diabetics.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a non-hallucinogenic version of the psychedelic drug ibogaine, which retains therapeutic properties without its serious side effects. The new molecule, TBG, has shown promising positive effects in animal models of depression and addiction.
A well-preserved ichthyosaur species, Thalassodraco etchesi, was discovered in Dorset. The fossil is from the Upper Jurassic period, around 150 million years ago, and provides insights into Late Jurassic ichthyosaur diversity.
Researchers discovered that a high proportion of advanced carcinomas carry a mutant form of the Siglec-XII protein, which is rarely expressed in normal humans. This finding may explain why humans are more prone to aggressive cancers compared to chimpanzees.
A new study found that Californians with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) living in congregate settings have a higher case-fatality rate than the general population. Those living independently have lower COVID-19 case rates, while those in settings with skilled nursing care have significantly higher outcomes.
A study found that under-recognition of symptoms is common among breast cancer patients receiving radiation, with younger patients and Black patients being more likely to experience this. The researchers identified several factors associated with symptom under-recognition, including age, race, and treatment regimen.
Declining biodiversity is putting nature's contributions to people at risk, impacting crop yields and soil productivity. The degradation of environmental conditions also increases exposure to floods and storms, affecting human well-being and prosperity.
Researchers used X-ray beams to examine a 1,900-year-old mummy, revealing details about the child's body and burial artifacts. The examination confirmed the presence of a sacred calcite amulet and provided insights into the preservation process used by ancient Egyptians.
A new study reveals that conservation efforts are making an impact on silky sharks, with 99.8% of fins from Hong Kong and China originating from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The research highlights the need for increased monitoring and better implementation of CITES regulations to combat illegal shark fin trade.
Research reveals a direct relationship between insulin resistance and severe lung inflammation and scarring in people with pre-diabetes or diabetes. High ozone exposure may exacerbate pulmonary fibrosis, particularly in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes.
A team of scientists analyzed processes in the root zone to determine nitrogen fate. They found nearly 75% of Europe's agricultural land vulnerable to nitrate leaching during critical months. This study provides more precise information for risk management and adjusting fertiliser regimes.
KU Leuven researchers Christine Desmedt, Tias Guns, Simon Kuhn, and Lukas Van Oudenhove have been awarded ERC Consolidator Grants. Their projects focus on breast cancer, optimisation software, reactors for sustainable chemical industry, and the impact of gut bacteria on emotions.
A new UCLA-led research study shows that mindfulness meditation can significantly reduce depressive symptoms and related issues such as fatigue and sleep disturbance in younger breast cancer survivors. The six-week interventions were effective in improving the mental health of women diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age.
A recent study reveals unique mutation patterns in the genes PIK3CA, GNAS, SMAD3, and TSC2 among young patients with appendiceal cancer. These findings suggest potential for targeted therapies, such as alpelisib, which have already been approved for advanced breast cancer.
A new study analyzed medical claims data from Taiwan, finding that patients with rheumatoid arthritis live longer after disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs called biologics became available in 2003. The estimated lifetime cost was $72,953, highlighting the need for cost-effectiveness evaluation.
Researchers confirm the gun embodiment effect, where gun owners perceive others as holding guns, and found small but significant effects on accuracy and speed. The study replicated earlier findings with larger sample sizes and suggests universal applicability.
In a groundbreaking study, gene therapy injection in one eye significantly improved vision in both eyes, with 78% of patients experiencing significant visual improvement. The treatment has shown promise in treating Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a blinding condition affecting approximately 1 in 30,000 people.
A new paper suggests that traditional deterrence strategies in cybersecurity can lead to escalation and counterproductive responses. The authors propose a more judicious approach involving selective retaliation based on improved detection and information gathering.
Researchers have identified 35 known and one new neuropeptide produced by the American cockroach that could be targeted for pest control. The neuropeptides' expression varies by tissue, developmental stage, and sex, making some more suitable targets than others.
The NIH Office of Research on Women's Health is hosting a three-day virtual meeting series to celebrate its 30th anniversary, featuring events on sex and gender in health and disease, biomedical careers, and the advancement of women in research. The series includes keynote addresses, panel discussions, and a poster session, providing o...
Depressed children and teenagers have a significantly higher risk of premature death, self-harm, and suffering from other diseases later in life. The study found that depression was associated with 66 out of 69 examined medical conditions, including sleep disorders, type 2 diabetes, and kidney disease.
Alzheimer Europe's new report highlights the need to prioritize dementia research and policy in the EU. The organization recommends allocating fair resources to existing programs, prioritizing dementia within chronic diseases policies, and recognizing it as a disability.
A new study found that DNP treatment in zebra finches reduced their lifespan by 20% over four years. The birds showed no short-term adverse effects but suffered from accelerated aging, highlighting the need for more research on DNP's long-term safety.
Researchers discovered that stressed oak trees have more diverse fungal communities than healthy ones, with mutually beneficial relationships providing a buffer against climate change. This symbiotic relationship maintains ecosystem balance and could help conserve tree health in California woodlands.
A new study published in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that sous vide cooking increases beef protein digestibility compared to boiling or roasting. Sous vide cooking produced less protein oxidation and aggregation, releasing a greater quantity and variety of peptides.
A new study published in Ecological Applications reveals that Nebraska anglers tend to visit the same seven popular fishing spots consistently, drawn from the same ZIP codes throughout the year. This finding provides valuable insights for natural resource managers seeking to optimize lake management and sustainable fishing experiences.
Researchers found that toxic substances can affect wildlife mobility and population sizes, leading to increased risk of zoonotic spillover. In contrast, pristine habitats may act as a trap for pathogens, reducing infection prevalence in the overall population.
A new clinical trial suggests that postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer and a low recurrence score of 25 or lower may safely avoid chemotherapy. In contrast, premenopausal patients who receive chemotherapy show improved invasive disease-free survival and overall survival rates.
A new study found that COVID-19 can lead to a range of neurologic complications, including stroke, seizures, and movement disorders, even in people with moderately severe symptoms. The study involved 74 patients with COVID-19 and found that many experienced significant disability upon hospital discharge.
A large study of 6,510 healthcare workers found that community exposure was the main driver of COVID-19 infections. Nurses were at higher risk once community exposure was accounted for, while high-flow oxygen therapy and hemodialysis increased antibody production to SARS-CoV-2.
A high-fat diet impairs immune cell function inside tumors, reducing their antitumor activity. Blocking metabolic rewiring in cancer cells enhances anti-tumor immunity and improves immunotherapies.
A joint research project has achieved a new milestone in ultra-fast control of magnetism by investigating femtosecond time-resolved x-ray scattering signals. The results indicate a faster recovery of chiral order compared to collinear magnetic order dynamics, suggesting that twists are more stable than straight magnetic configurations.
Researchers explored the impact of eye position on speech intelligibility within a cocktail party setting. They found that performance was best when eye fixation was on target and suffered when off target.
Researchers found that some caterpillars have bodies covered with molecules identical to those of the plants they inhabit, making them 'invisible' to ants. Others produce a caloric reward for ants to coexist, demonstrating a form of chemical mimicry and potential adaptive advantage.
A study by the University of Plymouth and UOC assessed the impact of physical exercise on oral microbiota, finding that alterations to buccal bacteria reduce cardiovascular benefits. The study highlights the importance of diet, hydration, and chewing in maintaining oral health and improving sporting performance.
A comprehensive analysis finds that traditional salmon fishing practices and governance show promise for rebuilding resilient fisheries. Indigenous communities' focus on terminal fisheries and selective fishing tools can deliver better results for all communities.
Researchers have developed a new method for storing digital information in biological molecules using aerolysin nanopores. This technology has the potential to revolutionize data storage by offering high accuracy, low costs, and compactness.
A team of researchers has developed a method to tease out primordial gravitational waves from gravitational-wave data. The new approach allows for the detection of faint signals that could reveal insights into the early universe's conditions and processes.
Researchers at St Petersburg University have developed a new Case-Based Rate Reasoning (CBRR) model to predict epidemic dynamics. The model uses data from countries where the disease was recorded earlier to forecast its spread in Russia, and is being updated weekly for cities like St Petersburg and Moscow.
Research from 63 countries reveals different happiness tests are effective in Western and Asian cultures, with the Eastern Interdependent Happiness scale performing consistently across countries, contrary to the unreliable Western Subjective Happiness Scale. The study expands on the understanding of happiness beyond Western ideals.
During the 2018 eruption of K?lauea Volcano, Hawaiian researchers leveraged pre-assembled stations with virtual machines to continue monitoring data despite instrument destruction and network failures. This enabled quick deployment and rerouting of data to scientists and decision-makers.
A McGill University-led research team analyzed over 200,000 groundwater samples and found that current guidelines may need revision to reflect modern uses and technologies. The study suggests that existing wells already encroach on 'bases of fresh water' and brackish waters exist within current groundwater basins.
Researchers have developed a noninvasive method to measure the stiffness of tissues within the brain's gray and white matter, which can reveal clues about traumatic brain injuries. The new technique, known as waveguide elastography, merges acoustic imaging methods and algorithms to provide diagnostic insights.
Christina Felfe has won a prestigious ERC consolidator grant to investigate the role of parents, classmates, and socialization processes on the formation of group preferences. Her five-year project aims to measure children's group belonging and behavior towards their own and other groups.
A new study found significant inequalities in public drinking water arsenic exposure across US regions and sociodemographic subgroups. Despite a decline in national arsenic levels, Hispanic communities and those relying on groundwater continued to exceed maximum contaminant levels, raising environmental justice concerns.
The study investigates the associations between parental substance abuse, COVID-19, and exposure to health disparities with children's health and well-being. The Healthy Brain and Child Development Study aims to shed light on these factors.
Researchers developed a membrane material that self-cleans biological contaminants through sunlight irradiation, reducing the need for harsh chemicals and extending membrane lifespan.
Researchers at TUM have developed a method to precisely measure the strong interaction between stable and unstable particles, shedding light on atomic nuclei and neutron stars. The breakthrough enables high-precision studies of the dynamics of the strong force.
Researchers recreated a 700-year record of Southern Hemisphere westerly winds using sediment cores. The study found that winds intensified and migrated poleward during warm periods, which is likely to continue with climate warming.
Researchers analyzed soil samples from burned and unburned areas in California parks, finding that the oak woodland fungal community was less affected by wildfires than those in evergreen forests. This aligns with the fact that oak woodlands depend on regular fire to thrive.
A new compound has been identified that targets imidazole I2 receptors to reduce neuroinflammation and improve cognition in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The study also reveals the calcineurin pathway as a key mechanism of action, opening up possibilities for new therapies.
The Einstein Foundation Berlin launches its new award to promote quality in research, recognizing contributions from researchers and institutions. The award will be funded by €500,000 a year and will be awarded for the first time in November 2021 in Berlin.
Researchers have identified electrical oscillations in Parkinson's patients' scalps that are coupled with brain activity, suggesting a key to understanding the disease's characteristic movement slowing. The study's findings could lead to novel therapies and shed light on the connection between cognitive disorders and motor symptoms.
A study of older adults hospitalized with influenza during the 2011-2012 flu season found that functional decline was common and often persistent. Higher frailty at admission was associated with increased risk of catastrophic disability and death.
The Parker Solar Probe has discovered that the densities of dust particles around the sun vary wildly over months, contradicting scientists' expectations. This finding suggests a more complex and fast-shifting dusty environment than previously thought, with implications for understanding planet formation.
A new study found that physicians did not recognize significant symptoms in over half of breast cancer patients who reported pain, itchy skin, swelling, or fatigue during radiation therapy. The under-recognition was more common among younger patients and those from Black backgrounds, suggesting the need for better symptom detection met...
For older patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, omitting postoperative radiation therapy did not compromise survival or increase risk of distant metastasis. Local recurrence rates were higher in those who didn't receive radiation therapy.
The European Research Council (ERC) has awarded €655 million in Consolidator Grants to 327 researchers, including 37% of female applicants. These grants will fund research projects across Europe, creating over 2000 jobs and addressing topics such as patent-free medicines, viral pandemics, and elephants' long pregnancies.
A global comparison of two happiness tests reveals that cultural context is crucial for accurate measurement. The interdependence-focused Japanese test was more reliable in East Asian countries, while the independence-focused US test performed better in Western European nations.
New research challenges previous understanding, finding Third Pole grew at a much slower pace than thought. The findings shed light on regional and global climate processes.
Researchers at CNIC have identified a novel cellular and molecular mechanism that promotes vascular arterialization, enabling the development of arteries from blood capillaries. This breakthrough has significant implications for treating cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.
A new study suggests that warm ocean currents in the North Pacific during the last ice age created a relatively warm region around the modern Bering Sea, making it more habitable for early humans. This finding addresses a long-standing mystery about the earliest inhabitants of North America.
Researchers from Skoltech and colleagues developed two models explaining the light-emitting behavior of semiconductor nanoplatelets, which are promising building blocks for optoelectronics. The models reveal trapping of excitons at surface defects and its interplay with diffusion as key reasons for complex kinetics.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have clarified the science behind sandcastle building by resolving a century-old mystery. They created artificial capillaries where water vapor can condense under ambient conditions, showing that the 150-year-old Kelvin equation remains surprisingly accurate even at an atomic scale.
A special report by The BMJ reveals that the UK government has kept its advisors' financial conflicts of interest unpublished, leading to calls for greater transparency. SAGE members have been accused of being unbalanced in their scientific proficiency and favoring certain types of expertise.
Scientists studying DNA damage repair process aim to identify a protein that can help healthy cells avoid dying or becoming cancerous. ATF3, a sensor of cell stress, has been shown to be essential to efficient DNA repair and may be the key to developing new cancer therapies.
Patients in precarious circumstances are less likely to use antibiotics appropriately, highlighting the need for sustainable development policies. Research suggests that improving living conditions can lead to better antibiotic use and tackle anti-microbial resistance globally.
A study of 21,231 UK urgent care register records found that advance care planning significantly influenced the place of death, with patients who had recorded preferences dying at home or in their chosen setting. Patients without a recorded preference were more likely to die in hospital.
A UC Davis Health study reveals that the colon lining releases hydrogen peroxide to limit microbial growth, providing a natural filter for the gut microbiota. This finding suggests a new treatment approach for gut inflammation and dysbiosis, shifting focus from targeting bacteria to fixing habitat filters and restoring host functionality.
Researchers found that higher baseline NT1 levels in blood samples predicted the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease dementia. The study used a cohort of cognitively normal older adults and showed that NT1 levels could be measured before enrollment in AD prevention trials.
Direct solar steam generation (DSSG) has promise as an alternative to traditional water treatment methods, but advancements are needed to overcome limitations. New technologies have improved evaporation rates and reduced heat loss, offering a potential solution to global drinking water scarcity.
A Community Connectors service can boost confidence in engaging with community activities and enhance social networks among older adults. The program has been shown to provide vital support for well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for those who cannot access remote services.
Researchers analyzed gut composition and DNA to identify key factors for successful fecal microbiota transplants, including the donor's microbiome and recipient's pre-transplant gut community structures. The study suggests that preparing donors' and patients' gut ecosystems prior to transplant may increase the likelihood of success.
Researchers have found a new network of routes that can transport spacecraft and comets at unprecedented speeds, reaching Jupiter's distance in under a decade. The 'celestial autobahn' or 'celestial highway' acts on several decades, allowing for faster exploration and monitoring of near-Earth objects.
A recent study found that pesticides in contact with plastic mulch can lead to delayed degradation, contaminating the soil and potentially harming the ecosystem. The use of biodegradable plastics was shown to have a higher percentage of pesticide sorption, leading to concerns about soil contamination.
Researchers have engineered red blood cells to release therapeutic proteins in response to specific wavelengths of light, using a honey bee peptide. This innovative approach could provide a more effective and targeted way to deliver protein therapies, reducing the risk of side effects and improving treatment outcomes.
A new global measure found that only 17.4 million square kilometres of Earth's remaining forests - or 40 per cent - are considered to have high integrity. High integrity forests contain high levels of biodiversity and provide ecosystem services, but many have been heavily impacted by human activities.
This case series describes mucocutaneous findings in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key findings include various skin and mucous membrane abnormalities, highlighting the importance of early recognition and treatment.
The study found that black people and women were the most affected by the pandemic, with three informal workers losing jobs for every one formal worker terminated. The emergency aid program had a limited impact, mainly benefiting large employers and those on minimum wage, but failed to cover small and medium enterprises.
The California Academy of Sciences has added 213 new species to the tree of life, including 101 ants, 15 fishes, and 11 flowering plants. These discoveries provide valuable insights into Earth's biodiversity and help inform global conservation efforts.
Neuroscientists at Harvard Medical School have identified a critical gene, Fos, that allows neurons to rewire inputs from other neurons, enabling networks of disparate neurons to coordinate activity. This mechanism is thought to be essential for memory consolidation and recall.
DeepLabCut-Live! is a real-time marker-less motion capture system for animals, allowing researchers to study posture and movement in real-time. This technology enables low-latency feedback and interfaces with hardware for optimal experimental control.
Scientists identified contact pairs of magnesium ions and phosphate groups as a structural element for stabilizing tRNA's tertiary structure. The presence of magnesium ions reduces the electrostatic energy and orient water molecules, contributing to the molecule's stability.
A study by the University of Portsmouth discovered that giant feathery shipworms engage in competitive mating, where larger worms have an advantage due to longer siphons. The researchers observed stages of sperm transfer and sparring between rival mates, revealing a sophisticated form of reproductive behavior.
The University of Louisville is developing a nasal spray to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection using the Q-Griffithsin compound, which has shown promise against multiple coronaviruses and other viruses. The project aims to deliver the antiviral agent directly to the upper respiratory tract.
A recent study suggests that a unique human genetic mutation may contribute to the high risk of advanced cancers, with approximately 30% of people still producing dysfunctional Siglec-12 proteins. These individuals are at twice the risk of developing advanced cancer compared to those who cannot produce the protein.
A new study found that proteins become biochemically addicted to complex interactions, even if they serve no purpose. The 'hydrophobic ratchet' mechanism drives the accumulation of useless complexity inside cells.
The École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS) has introduced a new engineering research chairs program, focusing on resilience and determination. The $5 million initiative aims to foster diversity and equity in research excellence.
A team of scientists discovered that natural antibiotics produced in wounds can increase sleep and raise the chances for surviving an injury. The researchers found that these antimicrobial peptides act as long-range messenger molecules, signaling the need for sleep to the nervous system.
Researchers analyzed published research to find 565 mammalian species used in traditional medicine globally, highlighting the threat of overexploitation. Closely related species are often used to treat similar diseases.
The Oxford Covid-19 vaccine has shown a 70.4% overall efficacy rate in phase 3 human trials, with the standard dose regimen showing 62.1% efficacy and the low dose regimen demonstrating 90.0% efficacy. No hospitalizations or severe disease were observed in vaccinated groups.
Researchers at Arizona State University have discovered that certain molecules can promote the self-assembly of sliding clamps into structures containing many stacked doughnut shapes, resembling tubes of doughnuts. These findings suggest a new mechanism by which cells may control DNA replication under stress conditions.
A RIT professor is leading a research project to develop low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells using a reusable substrate process. The goal is to reduce the cost of these efficient solar cells, which can power devices like smartphones, drones, and cars.
Researchers have developed nanodiamond-embedded membrane filters that can effectively treat hot wastewater by increasing filtration rates and removing impurities. These membranes achieve this through the synergistic effects of amine links and ethyl acetate treatment, resulting in thicker, more temperature-stable membranes.
Researchers at the University of New Mexico have found that combining certain polymers and oligomers with UV light can almost completely kill the coronavirus. This method provides a fast-acting and highly effective coating that reduces virus concentrations by five orders of magnitude.
A meta-analysis found that circulating tumor cell dynamics were associated with overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Changes in CTC levels before and after treatment were linked to prognosis, with median overall survival greatest for those who remained CTC-negative.
A new study from Cardiff University shows that direct messages sent via Facebook chat can significantly reduce the amount of red and processed meat consumed by individuals. Participants reported a significant decrease in their meat consumption, with some even expressing a desire to reduce other types of meat they consume in the future.
Researchers discovered that electric fish use specialized long-distance electric signals to communicate with each other, similar to AM radio, allowing them to navigate and interact in absolute darkness. The cave-adapted fish have greater electric field strengths than surface-dwelling relatives.
Achieving target body temperature quickly is vital for patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, leading to more favorable neurological outcomes. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) shows promise as a treatment option when combined with ECMO.
A study from the University of East Anglia found that blood biomarkers such as cholesterol, inflammation, and liver function can predict future disability and healthcare demand. The researchers also discovered a pro-rich inequity in health care use, where people with higher incomes are more likely to seek medical attention.
Researchers studied spiders in space, where they built asymmetrical webs with the center displaced. However, when exposed to lamplight, the webs became more symmetrical, and spiders oriented themselves away from the light source.
Post-neoadjuvant therapy changes in metabolic metrics from PET/MRI and morphologic metrics from CT were associated with pathologic response and overall survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Serum CA 19-9 levels did not predict pathologic response or survival.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a soft robotic material that can walk at human speed, pick up cargo, and transport it to a new location. The material is activated by light and responds to external magnetic fields, making it ideal for use in aquatic environments.
A study of 193 NYC hospital patients found that 71.6% of Black patients required hospitalization for COVID-19, compared to 46.0% of non-Blacks. Disparities were driven by a higher prevalence of comorbidities among Black patients, not cancer or treatment.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science developed a strategy to identify criminals from a single strand of hair, leveraging the composition of hair dye products. They employed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to distinguish between different dyes applied to individual strands of hog hair.
The global burden of cardiovascular disease is steadily rising, with nearly doubled cases from 271 million in 1990 to 523 million in 2019. The majority of CVD deaths globally were ischemic heart disease and stroke, increasing steadily over the past three decades.
A new study from Rice University reveals that religious discrimination is prevalent among Jews and Muslims, with over two-thirds of Muslim respondents reporting hostile interactions. The study found that both groups are more likely to experience harassment, threats, and violence due to their religious beliefs.
The discovery of feather sheaths on the Archaeopteryx fossil provides evidence of a sequential centre-out moulting strategy, used by modern falcons to preserve maximum flight performance. This finding sheds light on the evolution of flight in birds and suggests that this strategy was present at the earliest origins of flight.
Researchers Barbara Mazzolai and Andrea Toma at IIT have been awarded ERC grants for their projects on intelligent plant robots and new photosynthesis technologies. The projects aim to create collective behavior in plants and develop nanotechnology devices for storing solar energy in hydrogen.
Researchers at UVA School of Engineering have challenged the traditional heat transfer paradigm in semiconductor design. They discovered a new mechanism called ballistic thermal injection that allows for independent optimization of optical, electrical, and thermal behavior without impacting device performance.
A new study reveals that children and adolescents diagnosed with depression are at a higher risk of developing physical health problems and experiencing premature death. The research, published in JAMA Psychiatry, highlights the importance of addressing mental health concerns early on to prevent long-term consequences.
Researchers at JILA create a dense gas of ultracold potassium-rubidium molecules, gaining control over long-distance molecular interactions. The new scheme enables exploration of exotic quantum states in which all molecules interact with each other.
Scientists at the University of Tsukuba investigated perovskite solar cell deterioration using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. They discovered that changes in spin states are linked to changes in hole transport and interfacial electric dipole layer formation, suggesting potential ways to prevent degradation.
A study found that urban tree canopy cover and reduced light pollution during migration seasons contribute to higher species richness. Conversely, higher levels of artificial light at night were associated with lower species counts, particularly during winter and summer.
The study highlights a need for standardized terminology to distinguish between medicine misuse, abuse, and medication errors. A clear taxonomy is required to accurately identify situations involving medicine misuse, ensuring better public health outcomes.
A new study published in Nature suggests that differentiated CO2 prices combined with moderate financial transfers between advanced and developing countries can efficiently achieve fair burden sharing while keeping overall costs in check. This approach mediates the trade-off between national sovereignty and economic efficiency.
A new genus and species of ichthyosaur, Thalassodraco etchesi, has been discovered in the UK, measuring 2m in length and dating back to the Late Jurassic period. The specimen was found buried head-first in limestone, preserving its soft tissues and providing valuable insights into the biology of these marine reptiles.
Scientists highlight cassava as an overlooked solution to tackle environmental concerns. Cassava can revive degraded land, lower greenhouse gas emissions and promote peace in conflict-prone areas.
A team led by FSU researcher Kourosh Shoele is working to improve face mask design using flow physics, mechanics, and facial topology data. They hope to develop computational tools that standardize guidelines for face mask design, enabling more effective masks for a broader range of users.
Researchers found that listeners in Gainesville perceived increased accentedness with a South Asian face, whereas Montreal listeners did not exhibit the same effect. Exposure to linguistic diversity may impact accentedness judgments.
A University of Missouri researcher studied an island fox and its mainland relative to understand human evolution. The study found that the island fox's smaller body size was likely due to adapting to its new environment, not a disease.
A recent study by UFZ researchers highlights the importance of both crop diversity and temporal production patterns in ensuring food security. The analysis reveals that countries with high production stability and asynchrony, such as India and China, are better equipped to mitigate the impact of global market uncertainties.
A preclinical study by University at Buffalo researchers has identified new genes that could be key therapeutic targets for treating Alzheimer's disease. The study found that inhibiting certain enzymes involved in abnormal gene transcription can reverse memory deficits associated with the disease.
A new consortium will investigate the physical principles underlying coronavirus formation, using a multidisciplinary approach across multiple scales and environments. The research aims to develop drugs that can disrupt viral assembly, with potential applications in synthetic biology and medicine.
A novel method detects conformational changes in TDP-43 protein in ALS patients' CSF, showing high sensitivity and specificity. The technology has potential for diagnosing and developing clinical therapies for this fatal neurodegenerative disease.
A recent study found that a new program for African American couples can lead to stronger relationships and improved health outcomes. The program, Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF), uses a cognitive behavioral approach to improve couple interaction patterns and ways of thinking.
Researchers have discovered a way to control the conduction type of tin monoselenide (SnSe) by doping with antimony, leading to improved thermoelectric performance. The findings offer a potential solution to harness waste heat and reduce global warming.
Researchers discovered that E. coli's heat-labile toxin changes gene expression in human intestinal cells, inducing them to manufacture a protein used by the bacterium to attach to the intestinal wall. This attachment allows the bacterium to benefit itself at the detriment of the host.
Researchers discovered honey bees collecting and applying animal dung around nest entrances to prevent giant hornet attacks, leading to reduced landing times and chewing behavior. This unique defense mechanism is the first documented case of honey bee tool use.
Researchers at UTHealth analyzed data from over 18,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests to identify disparities in automated external defibrillator use. Hispanic/Latino and black neighborhoods showed significantly lower rates of AED use compared to non-Hispanic/Latino white communities.
Researchers found that sea urchins are more affected by low oxygen levels than ocean acidification when exposed to high temperatures. The study revealed that severe heat, hypoxia, and acidity do not have a synergistic effect on the urchins' performance.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that maternal asthma medication is associated with an increased risk of premature births and small birth weights. The study analyzed data from over 117,000 births in Wales and found that prescriptions for asthma medicines were linked to lower birth weights and higher rates of preterm birth.
Researchers capture roaming molecular fragments in real-time using advanced laser technology, shedding light on the dynamics of chemical reactions. The study provides insight into how to measure elusive processes and has implications for environmental and atmospheric chemistry.
Researchers from the US Department of Energy's three applied energy laboratories have developed a new framework for engineering-based modeling and analysis to support complex optimization of hybrid energy systems. These systems can leverage multiple energy sources to maximize value and deliver lower-emission energy to industry.
Researchers at RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research use electric rays and sting rays to create maps of the seabed, collecting data on ocean wildlife and resources. The method is cost-effective and has been shown to be accurate, with positioning errors within 10cm of existing seabed maps.
A phase 3 clinical trial involving 37 patients showed sustainable improvements in vision after 96 weeks, suggesting the gene therapy could be a safe and effective treatment for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. The treatment unexpectedly seemed to work in both eyes, with DNA from the vectors found in both treated and untreated eyes.
Researchers found that surgical and N95 masks can minimize negative effects on speech intelligibility, making them ideal options for instructors. By wearing these types of masks, educators can help students understand speech more effectively while ensuring their own safety.
The Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund Tissue Bank has been established to provide quality-controlled tissue and fluids for research on pancreatic diseases. The bank holds over 45,000 unique samples, including blood, urine, saliva, and tissue from patients with various types of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis.
A recent study found that formulating New Year's resolutions as 'approach goals' (adopting new habits) leads to higher success rates than 'avoidance goals' (quitting or avoiding something). Rephrasing resolutions can also boost success, especially when replacing unhealthy habits with healthier ones.
New lipid residue analyses reveal a dominance of animal products in ancient ceramic vessels from rural and urban settlements of the Indus Civilisation. The study identifies a predominance of non-ruminant animal fats, contradicting previous assumptions about the region's diet.
Researchers found that brains work harder to process motion descriptions in unfamiliar languages, a phenomenon known as the P600 effect. This study, published in Neuropsychologia, suggests that language influences how our brains perceive and interpret physical movement.
Extended follow-up data from the monarchE trial shows that abemaciclib continues to improve IDFS among high-risk, node-positive, early-stage, HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer patients. The addition of abemaciclib to standard adjuvant endocrine therapy reduces the risk of invasive disease by 25 percent.
A £992,000 grant will support a collaboration between the Universities of Portsmouth and Southampton to use tadpoles to discover genetic changes causing rare diseases. The study aims to provide targeted interventions for patients and their families, improving care and outcomes.
The University of Huddersfield's Antimicrobial Stewardship in Wound Management course has been honoured at the Antibiotic Guardian Awards. Over 8000 healthcare professionals have completed the course with high praise, exploring antimicrobial resistance and implementing infection control measures.
A study found that warmer springs in southern Illinois allow prothonotary warblers to start laying eggs earlier, increasing the chances of raising two broods of offspring. This adaptability may provide a reproductive advantage for the birds, but could be threatened by continued climate change.
Researchers discover lagerpetids, small wingless reptiles, as the closest relatives of pterosaurs, filling a 200-year-old gap in their evolution. The study reveals similarities between lagerpetid brains and sensory systems and those of pterosaurs.
Research from Wellesley College professor Heather Mattila shows that honey bees use animal dung to prevent giant hornet attacks on colonies. The bees apply spots of dung around nest entrances, repelling the hornets and limiting their ability to mount deadly group attacks.
A new poliovirus vaccine has been developed to combat a mutated strain linked to outbreaks in Africa and Asia. The vaccine, known as nOPV2, has shown similar immune responses and improved genetic stability compared to the licensed Sabin oral vaccine.
Exposure to glyphosate creates biomarkers predicting prostate and kidney diseases, obesity, and multiple diseases in subsequent generations. In a study of 50 rats each, 90% of third- and fourth-generation rats developed health problems by middle age.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission display significantly higher temperatures in the forefoot regions compared to healthy adults. The research used thermal imaging to analyze temperature patterns in over 31 patients and more than 52 healthy individuals.
A clinical trial found that combining Verinurad and Febuxostat reduces albuminuria in Type 2 diabetes patients by 39.4%, a significant reduction in protein leakage through the kidney. The treatment combination also lowers uric acid levels by 57%.
The new guidelines provide uniform standards for treating brain tumour complications such as epileptic attacks, brain edema, haemorrhage, or thrombosis worldwide. The initiative aims to increase patient safety and improve treatment outcomes.
The study reveals a tight arrangement between root diffusion barriers and the microbiome, regulating mineral nutrient balance and influencing plant performance. This coordination may contribute to the development of plants better adapted to extreme environmental conditions.
A well-preserved specimen of a new ichthyosaur species, Thalassodraco etchesi, has been identified from the Late Jurassic period in England. The creature may have been capable of diving very deeply due to its deep rib cage and large eyes.
A study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that loss of smell and taste in COVID-19 patients often occur before other symptoms like fever or shortness of breath. Researchers also discovered a link between impaired sense of smell and lower levels of white blood cells, including neutrophils.
A large study of over 2,300 patients found that paclitaxel-coated balloons and stents do not increase mortality rates compared to conventional devices. The results resolve a long-standing debate on the safety of these treatments for peripheral arterial disease.
The FAPESP COVID-19 Research Webinars will address manufacturing and distribution logistics of the COVID-19 vaccine portfolio. The event features expert speakers from leading institutions, including Tiago Rocca, Margareth Dalcolmo, and Prashant Yadav.
A survey of physicians revealed a significant association between burnout and suicidal thoughts, as well as self-reported medical errors. The study controlled for depression and found that burnout was independently linked to these outcomes.
A new study tests machine learning on detecting borrowed words in world languages, showing some promise in specific situations, such as high loanword proportions or single donor languages. However, the results are unsatisfying, highlighting the difficulty of identifying borrowings with mono-lingual information alone.
The SABATLE project examines the safety risks of redox flow technologies for humans and the environment, and aims to identify risk factors and improve battery design using the Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design concept. Researchers will also investigate the toxicological effects of these technologies.
Scientists have developed advanced imaging techniques to observe pancreatic beta cells packaging insulin and responding to drug treatments. The new methods provide a more complete picture of the cell's functions and components, shedding light on the mechanisms responsible for preventing diabetes.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine reveals that inhibiting protein OCA-B protects mice from type 1 diabetes by limiting immune cell activity. The finding provides a proof-of-principle for OCA-B as a therapeutic target and could lead to further development of treatments.
A new longitudinal study found that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience significant cognitive gains between ages 12 and 23, with IQ increasing by an average of 7.48 points. Early language regression and greater communication problems at age 12 were associated with greater IQ increases.
A clinical trial found that postmenopausal women with low-risk breast cancer can forego chemotherapy without compromising their treatment outcomes. In contrast, premenopausal women with the same disease characteristics benefit from chemotherapy, suggesting a potential age-related difference in treatment effectiveness.
Scientists from Emory University discovered the first known fossil iguana nesting burrow in the Bahamas, dating back to 115,000 years ago. The finding provides new clues to the geologic and natural history of the islands, revealing that iguanas were present on San Salvador before European colonization.
A team of researchers from Nova Southeastern University has made a breakthrough in hurricane forecasting by identifying the impact of bio-surfactants on sea spray generation. This new phenomenon may contribute to improved intensity forecasts, which is crucial during pandemics like COVID-19.
Researchers have produced genetically modified tomatoes enriched in L-DOPA, a natural source for the essential medicine. The development offers benefits for people who suffer from adverse effects of chemically synthesized L-DOPA.
Certain bacteria living in sorghum roots work together with the plant to reduce drought stress, leading to overall plant success. The microbiome plays a critical role in determining crop productivity, and manipulating it may hold the key to developing crops that can thrive in harsh conditions.
Telehealth can deliver robust outcomes for children with special education needs, particularly when barriers to services exist. Proactive biological cycle management principles can reduce the risk of COVID-19 in workplaces, promoting a safe return to work.
Researchers explored oxidation mechanisms in Yb-Si coatings at high temperatures under different atmospheres. The study found that the Yb to Si ratio affects oxidation behavior and that ytterbium content can suppress SiO2 growth, leading to more heat-resistant coatings.
Research suggests that weathered microplastic particles are 10 times more likely to be internalized by mouse cells than pristine particles. The formation of a biomolecular crust on the surface of microplastics enhances their ability to be engulfed by cell membranes, potentially leading to inflammation and health risks.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge discovered a hidden symmetry in quantum systems that allows entangled particles to remain linked despite noise. This finding could lead to the development of ultra-powerful quantum computers by preserving quantum effects in noisy environments.
Researchers found that honeybees in Vietnam collect and apply spots of animal dung around hive entrances to deter deadly nest raids by Asian hornets. This finding is also the first to document the use of tools by honeybees.
Researchers at UC San Diego found that weaker E.coli strains outcompete stronger ones in a microbial game of rock-paper-scissors, challenging the traditional notion that strength prevails. The study's findings have implications for understanding microbiome imbalances and potentially developing new life-saving treatments.
A new survey found that nearly a third of young adults with asthma do not comply with COVID-19 guidelines, highlighting the need for healthcare professionals to advise patients on basic measures and medication use. The study also revealed alarming misconceptions about COVID-19 risk among asthmatic individuals.
Researchers at Hiroshima University created a blended solar cell by adding a compound that absorbs long wavelengths of light, increasing the device's efficiency by 1.5 times. The team discovered that distributing the material is key to further improved power generation efficiency.
A Rutgers University study found that fathers' engagement in their children's lives can improve mental health and behavior, reducing behavioral problems. The researchers analyzed data from 5,000 children born between 1998 and 2000 and found a significant gap between poor families and those with higher socioeconomic status
Women who receive mastectomy and reconstructive surgery are at increased risk of developing persistent use of opioids and sedative-hypnotic drugs. The study found that 13.1% of patients become new persistent opioid users after surgery, while 6.6% develop persistent sedative-hypnotic use.
A University of Houston team found that the new C-diff guidelines are fourfold more predictive in identifying patients likely to die during hospitalization. The revised severity assessment allows doctors to tailor treatment accordingly, improving patient outcomes.
A new study published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found that exercise can help minimize bone loss after weight loss surgery. Participants who attended structured exercise sessions had higher bone mineral density measurements compared to those in the control group.
Researchers at MIT have found a way to overcome oxide trapping issues, allowing InGaAs transistors to compete with silicon technology. The alloy's electron transport properties enable faster calculations and improved energy efficiency.
A team of researchers has found evidence that Neandertals buried their dead, with a two-year-old child discovered at the Ferrassie site in France. The discovery dates back to around 41,000 years ago and provides new insights into the burial practices of our ancient relatives.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a perovskite material that can detect gamma rays with high efficiency, meeting the requirements for simple, reliable, and cheap detectors. The material, made of methylammonium lead tribromide crystals, shows high clarity and can be grown from abundant and low-cost raw materials.