Researchers found that the island-based Guttural Toads had significantly reduced body size and hindlimb length compared to their South African counterparts. This rapid dwarfism raises questions about the evolutionary mechanisms driving this change in less than a hundred years.
COVID-19 patients are at increased risk of pulmonary thromboembolism due to endothelial injury, activated platelets, cytokine storms, and suppressed fibrinolytic systems. Early prophylaxis, antiviral therapy, and supportive treatment can mitigate this complication.
A study published in PNAS found that global warming accelerates biodiversity loss, putting existing and proposed post-2020 biodiversity targets at risk. However, the authors suggest that dynamic responses to climate change through flexible conservation approaches can help protect biodiversity.
Research reveals significant microbial changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, associated with metabolic health. The study also found differences in microbiome profile between pre-diabetic and healthy women, shedding light on the causes of the condition.
A team of researchers from the University of Sussex created a sound projector that can deliver spatial sound at a distance by forming a beam of audible sound. The system uses a portable speaker, metamaterial lenses, and tracking hardware to track users and send sound directly to them.
Researchers from the University of Exeter have developed a new theoretical approach to force light to travel through electromagnetic materials without reflection. This discovery could pave the way for more efficient communications and wireless technology.
Researchers have designed a portable device that can rapidly detect plant stress, including nitrogen deficiency, drought, heat, and light stress. The device uses a Raman leaf-clip sensor to probe the chemistry of leaves, allowing for early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of plant health.
A long-term study of gene therapy in monkeys reveals no adverse health effects, bolstering the scientific basis for mitochondrial replacement therapy in human clinical trials. Researchers found varying levels of carryover maternal mitochondrial DNA, but it was not enough to cause health effects.
A new study at the University of Copenhagen found that increased study hours do not necessarily lead to better educational outcomes. Students reported spending time on tasks without feeling engaged or retaining information. The researchers suggest qualitative surveys to better understand study engagement and quality.
Researchers identified a rare case where COVID-19 triggered a recurrence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a 54-year-old man with prior episodes, highlighting the need for closer observation in patients with autoimmune disorders. The study provides new insights into treating COVID-19 patients with nerve-targeting autoimmune disorders.
A study is exploring whether interventions effective for HIV testing and treatment can be adapted to promote compliance with COVID-19 mitigation strategies. The goal is to develop a program increasing COVID-19 testing and treatment rates among marginalized, hard-to-reach populations.
A new study finds that the 'pink tax' imposes direct penalties on women consumers due to gender-biased import tariffs. However, countries with higher female representation in politics have lower tax penalties, indicating a positive correlation between representation and policy change.
A pilot study has created a comprehensive behavioral dataset to investigate individual differences in language skills. The dataset includes 112 participants who completed a battery of 33 tests, measuring linguistic experience, cognitive skills, and linguistic processing abilities.
Penn State researchers have created an automated process planning software to optimize additive manufacturing, reducing design time and material waste. The software uses algorithmic mapping of designs from CAD software to AM to minimize unnecessary steps, enabling faster production and lower costs.
A new regional model predicts uranium contamination in California's Central Valley aquifers based on calcium concentrations and soil alkalinity. The study suggests that water managers can forecast solutions by including data about soil properties when generating aquifer vulnerability maps for naturally occurring contaminants like uranium.
DeepMAge is an epigenetic aging clock that accurately predicts human age on over 6,000 DNA methylation profiles, outperforming previous clocks. The clock reveals associations with various age-related conditions, including cancer, dementia, and obesity.
A recent study published in Cancer Cell reveals that YTHDF3 plays a significant role in the spread of cancer to the brain, with increased expression correlating with poor survival outcomes. The gene is required for multiple steps in the brain metastatic process and may provide a target for new drugs.
Etihad Airways has joined the £65 million Digital Aviation Research and Technology Centre (DARTeC) at Cranfield University to collaborate on reducing aircraft emissions, enhancing passenger experience, and increasing aircraft reliability. The airline brings expertise in sustainability and operational efficiency to the project.
The Oxford COVID-19 vaccine has been found to be safe and effective in preventing symptomatic disease, with a 70% protection rate based on pooled analysis of phase 3 trials. The vaccine also showed efficacy against asymptomatic infection, and its safety profile was monitored for a median of 3.4 months in all participants.
A nationwide study investigates child nutrition administrative agencies' responses to meal service provision during school closures. Most jurisdictions provided easily interpretable information, but few offered comprehensive implementation guidance or communication with families.
A new study published in EPJ B reveals how complex dynamics in branching networks of neurons can be predicted to trigger episodes of epilepsy. The team's findings could lead to the development of better early warning systems for patients.
Physicians from the University of Geneva followed nearly 700 people with SARS-CoV2, finding that 33% still reported symptoms like fatigue, loss of smell or taste, and shortness of breath six weeks after diagnosis. A specific consultation for long COVID patients has been set up to improve care.
A new therapeutic method protects neurons and minimizes cognitive dysfunction by delivering targeted drugs to the brain after minor head injuries in individuals with extensive previous sleep deprivation. The treatment involves titanium dioxide capsules with cerebrolysin, promoting the production of essential hormones and proteins to co...
Terry Papoutsakis, University of Delaware professor and Unidel Eugene Du Pont Chair, was named a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. He holds over 16 patents and contributes to sustainable manufacturing and human health through his work on microbial engineering tools.
Cornell researchers received an NSF grant to design a new class of radio devices that can operate across a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum while suppressing interferences. The team's approach uses adaptive filtering to reject any interference, allowing for efficient use of wireless frequencies.
Research finds that infant health inequality has increased in the US since 2010, with disparities growing between mothers' educational attainment and socioeconomic status. This trend is concerning as it may lead to long-term health complications and affect mental, physical, and economic well-being.
Researchers found that customers who were shown product images on a display before shopping walked significantly more miles in the store and made double the number of unplanned purchases. A simple tip is to avoid wandering glances with the support of a shopping list.
A new study has found that short telomeres may contribute to the cause of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a devastating lung disease affecting thousands in the UK. The research also suggests that reducing stress and increasing exercise may help prevent or treat IPF.
Researchers estimate 76% attack rate in Manaus, Brazil, and 29% in São Paulo, suggesting NPIs and growing immunity played a role in containing the epidemic. The study aims to understand the longevity of population immunity and potential need for booster vaccinations.
According to TIMSS results, East Asian countries continue to outperform all participating countries in mathematics by a significant margin at both the fourth and eighth grades. The gap between top performers and next highest achievers is substantial, highlighting the need for targeted educational strategies.
Researchers at Fukuoka University found that face shields alone are not effective against COVID-19 sneezes. Vortex rings generated by sneezes can capture microscopic particles and transport them inside the shield through its top and bottom edges.
Researchers from Stony Brook University and UMass Lowell will investigate ways to make energy generation, storage, and system operation more efficient and reliable, particularly in microgrid settings. The research program aims to address challenges in energy resiliency and advance the next generation of energy systems.
Research found COVID-19 cases and outbreaks were extremely low in schools and nurseries in England during the summer of 2020. Outbreaks correlated strongly with local infection rates, highlighting the importance of controlling community transmission to protect educational settings.
Marine scientists have mapped previously unknown foraging grounds and migratory routes of Western Australia's green turtles to support conservation. The study tracked 20 female turtles with satellites, combining their data with previous studies to identify key areas.
A new study found that the tension between awareness of Covid-19's severity and fatigue from pandemic precautions can lead to unusual epidemic patterns. The research team analyzed data and found evidence that individuals tend to increase their activity before the virus wanes, worsening the epidemic severity.
A study found a significant rise in depressive symptoms among children aged 7-12 in England during the UK-wide lockdown. The effect size was medium to large, indicating a substantial impact on mental health.
Dr. Owen Gilbert introduces a novel concept in evolutionary theory, suggesting that natural reward acts synergistically with natural selection to drive the innovativeness of life over time. This framework offers new perspectives on long-standing biological mysteries and has been justified by existing data.
A new iGIST method detects pertussis toxin levels, reducing animal testing. The method is more effective and enables detection of lower toxin levels than current methods.
A new cost-effective technique, PNA clamps, has been developed to study non-bacterial plant microbiomes. This method allows researchers to detect thousands of sequences from rare microorganisms that were previously undetectable.
A new study found that individuals with longer durations of obesity are at a higher risk for cardiometabolic disease factors. The duration of obesity exposure between ages 10 and 40 years was associated with worse values for blood pressure, cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin (blood sugar) measurements.
Researchers propose a new class of epidemiological models based on the use of fractional exponents to accurately predict disease spread and transmission. The study found that these models provide substantially different predictions compared to previous models, especially in early phases of an epidemic.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a breakthrough optical sensor that can mimic the human eye's ability to perceive changes in its visual field. The sensor uses ultrathin layers of perovskite semiconductors to detect light intensity changes, enabling it to prioritize signals from photoreceptors detecting movement.
Researchers adapt high-sensitivity optically pumped magnetometers to measure magnetic fields in extreme environments, including geological movements, solar flares, and neural activity. The study highlights techniques to enhance signal and reduce noise, shedding light on emerging hybrid sensors.
The Working committee particulate matter recommends concrete countermeasures for indoor areas to reduce COVID-19 transmission. These include window ventilation, exhaust ventilation, air purification systems, and increased N95/FFP2 mask use.
A team of researchers identified critical molecular processes in human cells that coronaviruses use to survive. Targeting these processes with drugs may treat not only COVID-19 infections but also other existing and future coronaviruses, including common cold viruses and more severe viruses.
A team of researchers identified a process that promotes the growth of pancreatic cancers and developed a method to disrupt it. By inhibiting adhesion molecule CDH11, they were able to reduce tumor growth, increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy, and extend mouse survival.
A new study has found that bullied lesbian, gay, and bisexual students are more likely to carry weapons. The research also reveals that bullying and harassment are strongly associated with weapon carrying among sexual minority youth.
Two Luxembourg Institute of Health researchers have been recognized with the prestigious 2019 Galien Prize in Pharmacology for their groundbreaking research on atypical chemokine receptors. Their work has significant implications for understanding various physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses and cancer.
Scientists have discovered a way to control the flow of liquids using magnetotactic bacteria, which can be used to transport cancer drugs directly to tumors. The bacteria produce an effect similar to that of a micropump, allowing for precise control over the movement of active substances.
A new study explores how human decision-making impacts engineered systems. Researchers found that people often overestimate their abilities and succumb to biases, leading to inefficiencies in system design.
Researchers have found that reductive stress promotes protein aggregation and impaired neurogenesis in neuroblastoma cells. This suggests a new role for reductive stress in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.
New research uses microbubbles to deliver anticancer drugs directly to tumour sites, improving efficacy and reducing harm to healthy cells. The technology allows for targeted delivery of highly toxic drugs with precision, increasing potency and reducing side effects.
Penn State researchers computationally modeled the attachment of SARS-CoV-2 protein spike to ACE2, finding it highly optimized for human binding. The team also explored changes in the virus spike that could alter its affinity with human ACE2, potentially informing future research on vaccine durability and animal transmission.
Despite excellent auditory capacities, dogs fail to attend to differences between words with single speech sound variations. This may be why dogs' learned vocabulary remains low throughout life. Brain activity studies show dogs quickly differentiate known from nonsense words but not those differing in just one sound.
A meta-analysis of three randomized studies found that induction at 41 weeks reduces perinatal death and morbidity compared to expectant management until 42 weeks. For first-time mothers, this approach results in a lower risk of severe illness or death in babies.
Researchers found that labeling paid vaping influencer Instagram posts with #ad or #sponsored effectively grabs attention and captures viewers' attention. The study suggests that such labels may be an effective tool to discourage young people from picking up a harmful habit.
Researchers have developed a new definition of sustainability that recognizes the interdependence of living beings and their wellbeing, expanding the concept to non-human species and their needs. This new approach has wide-ranging applications in fields such as landscape planning and urban greenspace design, aiming to enhance human-wil...
A new technology uses light to manipulate various liquids, reducing the risk of infection and contamination in medical testing. The device has great potential in fields like DNA analysis, proteomics, and clinical diagnosis, with applications in COVID-19 research.
The SCOUT pipeline enables quantitative comparisons among unique organoids by extracting comparable features. Researchers use it to identify patterns in cell configurations, highlighting similarities and differences across organs
A recent study published by North Carolina State University researchers has identified a significant association between Bartonella infection and the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. The study also found that many patients with Bartonella infections exhibited skin lesions, wh...
A Stanford University study reveals that users' moods play a significant role in shaping their trust in smart technologies. The research found that participants trusted devices more when they were in a positive mood, regardless of the experiment's intent. However, user trust also differed by age group, gender, and education level, with...
Researchers developed a compact laser-based sensor that accurately senses extremely low concentrations of benzene in real time, outperforming existing devices. The device detects trace benzene levels, including in parking garages and service stations, with higher sensitivity than conventional sensors.
Researchers created a trajectory planner that enables drones to quickly switch between hover and forward flight, reducing transition time by half. The system uses aerodynamic models to optimize flight movements, allowing for more agile maneuvers in dense or urban areas.
Scientists aim to understand the recent collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to better gauge its potential risk in a warming climate. The Hercules Dome ice core will provide key evidence about past sea levels and ocean chemistry.
Researchers found that large doses of vitamin D supplements offered no benefits in preventing falls among people aged 70 and older. In contrast, lower doses were associated with a reduced risk of falls. The study's findings challenge the common assumption that higher doses are always better for vitamin D supplementation.
Researchers at University of Oldenburg develop complex molecular compound with high electron capacity, revealing new understanding of charge storage in metal centres. The model molecule functions as a 'mini segment of an energy storage material', paving the way for future design elements in molecular catalysts.
Researchers found that knee replacement surgery using a tourniquet increases the risk of serious complications by 73%, including blood clots, wound infections, and the need for further surgery. Patients who underwent surgery with a tourniquet reported an average 19% more pain after surgery compared to those without.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a new system that can harvest energy from human breathing and motion to power wearable health-monitoring devices. The system uses stretchable micro-supercapacitors with an island-bridge design, allowing it to stretch up to 100% without losing its functionality.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a novel method for producing olefins, or alkenes, using vitamin B12 and blue light, eliminating harsh chemicals typically needed in the process. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient and sustainable production of drugs, agrochemicals, and plastics.
Researchers discovered that melatonin may regulate gene expression and intensify tumor suppressor genes, leading to increased tumor cell death and reduced proliferation. The study identified target genes for melatonin, which could guide personalized therapies for breast cancer patients.
Dr. Eric Beckman, a renowned engineer at the University of Pittsburgh, has been recognized as an NAI Fellow for his groundbreaking research in molecular design, biomedical polymers, and sustainability. His work aims to create new knowledge that benefits human health and the environment.
A study by Anglia Ruskin University found that COVID-19 can cause various eye symptoms, with 16% of respondents reporting sore eyes as a symptom. The researchers argue that sore eyes should replace conjunctivitis as a possible COVID-19 symptom due to its differentiation from other types of infections.
Researchers at Osaka University have created thin films of neodymium nickel oxide with an electrical resistance that can change dramatically by controlling the distribution of hydrogen ions. This breakthrough could lead to novel switches and potentially entirely new kinds of computer circuits.
The American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP) has launched initiatives to address diversity and inclusion, with a focus on overcoming microaggressions that contribute to low representation of women and underrepresented minority groups in academic leadership. Evidence-based strategies and practical solutions are being implement...
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology discovered that doping platinum thiolate nanometal clusters with silver increases photoluminescence by 18 times. The team found that the silver ion stabilizes the complex structure, maintaining a highly ordered tiara-like arrangement and enhancing phosphorescence.
Scientists from CNRS and Melnikov Permafrost Institute conduct cold room simulation to demonstrate permafrost's role in soil collapse. Heterogeneous frozen soils with vertical ice wedges undergo major deformation during thawing, accelerating subsidence and greenhouse gas release.
Researchers developed a new class of high-strength, defect-resistant superalloys that can be 3D-printed with minimal material waste. The nickel-based alloys overcome cracking issues in traditional AM processes, making them suitable for complex one-off components in extreme environments.
Physicists propose an experiment to test if gravity is a quantum phenomenon, involving entangled diamonds in freefall. A conducting copper plate shields the Casimir effect, reducing noise and making the experiment less demanding.
A large US study confirmed many COVID-19 complications, with pneumonia, respiratory failure, and sepsis being the most common. The study found that approximately 27% of patients developed serious conditions, while relatively low risks were associated with stroke and certain cardiovascular conditions.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that older adults in NYC are more likely to report fatigue and pain when encountering stressful social environments. The study used smartphone-based data collection to track participants' movements, activities, and emotions.
A group of US science leaders have issued a clarion call for evidence-based policy in response to ongoing challenges. The American Institute of Biological Sciences has long advocated for informed decision-making based on the best available evidence, highlighting past successes in addressing issues like acid rain and climate change.
Scientists developed vanadium-doped titanium dioxide spindles that sensitize cancerous tumors to ultrasound waves, killing tumor cells without harming healthy tissue. The spindles catalyze chemical processes in the tumor microenvironment, attacking cells with sound waves and chemotherapy.
Researchers investigated delaying radical prostatectomy surgery for up to six months in patients with high-risk prostate cancer. The results indicate that delaying surgery may be associated with worse outcomes, highlighting the need for personalized treatment decisions.
Researchers have clarified the regulatory mechanism of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in recognizing and repairing DNA damaged by ultraviolet light. The study reveals that proteasomes' protein degradation activity and architectural integrity are involved in regulating DDB2 protein-mediated DNA damage repair.
A team of researchers has found that visual short-term memory retains multiple types of information, including color, texture, and name, in a single phase. This challenges previous assumptions about the complexity of visual short-term memory and highlights the importance of complex brain activity analysis.
The UCR-led team is studying Earth's diverse chapters of history to find templates for examining exoplanets. By analyzing ancient rock samples and modern sediments, the team will design telescopes and refine models to detect biosignature gases in distant exoplanet atmospheres.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found elevated levels of a biomarker related to blood vessel damage in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study also showed that a high proportion of children met clinical criteria for thrombotic microangiopathy, a syndrome involving clotting in small blood vessels.
Researchers share critical information and solutions to address behavioral challenges posed by the pandemic, including new working models, digital service approaches, and learning strategies. The papers explore various aspects of human systems management, from employee engagement to occupational health and safety.
A new treatment combination combining radiofrequency ablation and chemotherapy drug sunitinib significantly reduces tumor growth and extends the life span of mice with liver cancer. The therapy triggers an immune response to target and destroy liver cancer cells.
A recent study from University of Illinois researchers found that racial microaggressions contribute to disparities in STEM education programs. Students of color who experience exclusion, invisibility, or isolation on campus are less likely to continue in STEM majors. The study aimed to encourage STEM-related academic programs to addre...
Researchers found that infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis causes skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The study also discovered a link between periodontal bacteria and altered gut microbiome, which contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome.
A paleobotanist is leading a team to Antarctica to collect and analyze fossilized flowering plants, providing insight into the early evolution of modern plants. The project aims to fill gaps in the fossil record and better understand the role of Antarctica in plant diversification.
An international research team led by Professor Jonathan Roberge has been awarded a $2.4 million grant to explore the sociological implications of artificial intelligence. The project, titled "Shaping 21st Century AI", will analyze debates around AI in four countries and examine how it is perceived as a problem or solution.
Researchers at NUS have developed a new way to treat sewage using a novel strain of bacteria called Thauera sp. strain SND5. This new method significantly reduces operational costs and greenhouse gas emission compared to traditional methods.
Researchers have developed a new one-step polymerization method to label and track nano-plastics, allowing for the investigation of their behavior in simulated lab environments. This breakthrough could help fill the knowledge gap on the effects and behavior of nano-plastics in the environment.
Scientists created brain organoids from patients with Rett syndrome to study the disease and identify potential treatments. The study found two drug candidates, Nefiracetam and PHA 543613, that restored calcium levels, neurotransmitter production, and electrical impulse activity in the organoids.
Researchers at PNNL investigate the role of soil moisture and atmospheric conditions in estimating fire risk. Surprisingly, just enough humidity can boost lightning ignition, leading to wildfires. The study reveals a rising wildfire trend, with 'compound case' fires striking more frequently than others.
Research found healthcare workers 7 times more likely to develop severe COVID-19 than non-essential workers, with social care and transport sectors at elevated risk
Researchers have discovered a protein that can expand typically scarce blood stem cells, potentially leading to new methods for growing a large quantity of these cells inside and outside the human body. The findings could benefit patients with inherited blood disorders and certain types of blood cancers.
Researchers create a sodium cathode material inspired by mammal bones, featuring a porous system with a dense shell of reduced graphene oxide. The design enhances stability and allows for ultrahigh rate charging and long cycle life.
Developed by a team of researchers, the nanoPCR technology uses hybrid nanomaterials to detect viral RNA in under 11 minutes while maintaining high accuracy. The technique has been tested with 150 patients, showing zero false negatives and positives, and demonstrates its potential for rapid, decentralized point-of-care diagnosis.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant environmental changes globally, with reduced deforestation rates in some areas and improved air and water quality. Researchers found that the timing of these changes suggests a possible link between the pandemic and environmental impacts.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed a bilayered capsule that can deliver bile acids to the colon, reducing cramping and providing constipation relief. The new treatment has shown promise in preclinical studies and is expected to begin clinical trials within 18 months.
Research finds that particulate emissions from cooking can survive in the atmosphere for several days, contributing to poor air quality and human health. The study's findings have significant implications for climate change and city planning.
A study published in eLife journal reveals that a specific strain of lung bacteria, Lactobacillus murinus, can inhibit the growth of pneumococcal pathogens and prevent colonization. The findings suggest that probiotics could be a potential treatment alternative to antibiotics for respiratory illnesses.
Researchers discovered that some corals can survive prolonged heatwaves and recover their food source, providing a glimmer of hope for coral reef survival. The study's findings suggest that protection from local stressors may help corals recover, offering an innovative strategy for conservationists to support coral survival.
A study from Oregon Health & Science University found that damage to a small number of brain cells can stop activity across a vast network of neural circuits. This effect, known as the bystander effect, may help explain temporary but severe loss of cognitive function in traumatic brain injury or disease cases.
Researchers at Northwestern and UChicago develop a new method to create tailor-made qubits by chemically synthesizing molecules that encode quantum information into their magnetic states. This bottom-up approach could lead to extraordinary flexibility and control, paving the way for next-generation quantum technology.
Scientists have developed a potential new antibiotic for Mycobacterium abscessus, a pathogen resistant to medications with cure rates less than 50%. The compound T405 demonstrated superior potency against the bacteria, as well as an ability to prevent resistance when combined with avibactam.
Epileptic spasms originate from pyramidal cells in the deep layers of the neocortex, generating rhythmic slow oscillations similar to NREM sleep states. This discovery opens up new avenues for developing desperately-needed interventional therapies.
The team successfully scaled down MTJs to 2.3 nm diameter, exhibiting high data retention properties and low-voltage write operation. This breakthrough could accelerate the development of ultrahigh-density, low-power memory for IoT, AI, and automobiles.
Carnegie Mellon's Computer Science Academy will continue to provide a free online computer science curriculum for middle and high school students with the support of Amazon's $2 million donation. The program aims to bridge the equity divide in computer science education, serving over 1,200 schools and 22,000 students worldwide.
A new study from the University of Cambridge found a significant increase in depression symptoms among children during the first UK lockdown. The study, which followed 168 children over time, showed that even small increases in emotional problems and anxiety were observed.
A large-scale study from Aarhus University in Denmark shows that users of popular blood pressure medications had the same probability of a positive coronavirus test and no increased risk of hospitalisation or death. The study confirms previous smaller studies and reiterates the current recommendation to continue taking these medicines.
Research found that beaver-dammed sites had 2.7 times more amphibian species than undammed sites, supporting species that develop slowly like red-legged frogs and northwestern salamanders.