Researchers at Skoltech developed a new algorithm to identify over 200 previously unknown single-atom-alloy catalysts with improved stability and performance. The AI-powered approach uses machine learning models to extract key parameters from computational data, providing a recipe for finding the best SAACs for specific applications.
A rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva has been developed, showing high accuracy and efficiency for mass-screening. The test uses chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) and can detect the virus within an hour.
The American Society of Human Genetics reports that human genetics and genomics contributed $265 billion to the U.S. economy in 2019, with a five-fold increase since 2010. The field is expected to drive significant further growth given new areas of application.
Research led by Ulrike Müller found that APP protein plays a crucial role in normal brain development, learning, memory formation, and social communication. The absence of APP during brain development led to malformations in critical brain regions and impaired behavior tests, including autistic-like behavior.
The VOYAGE study found that dupilumab reduced asthma exacerbations by 59.3% in children with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma. The treatment also improved lung function within two weeks, an effect sustained for up to 52 weeks.
Researchers have identified two subtypes of POMC neurons with distinct hormone sensing and appetite suppression profiles. The findings suggest that the diversity of these neurons is crucial for their function in regulating metabolism.
Researchers developed a new rapid assay principle for viral antigen detection, enabling fast and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The test can detect almost all specimens containing the virus and has a high theoretical capacity of up to 500 samples per hour.
The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened disparities in blood pressure control, particularly among uninsured and under-resourced populations. Research shows a decline in healthy blood pressure levels before the pandemic, with limited access to healthcare and health insurance as key factors.
Scientists at Swansea University have discovered a non-toxic biodegradable solvent called γ-Valerolactone (GVL) that can replace toxic solvents without impacting cell performance. This breakthrough could improve the commercial viability of carbon perovskite solar devices, making them more environmentally sustainable.
In a Phase I trial, IACS-6274 demonstrated successful target inhibition and early signs of anti-tumor activity in 60% of evaluable patients. Durable disease stabilization was observed in six patients with biomarker-defined advanced cancers.
Researchers at MGH have discovered the role of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) in forming amyloid beta in axons and neuronal processes. The study suggests that targeting sigma-1 receptors or inhibiting palmitoylation may reduce Abeta production, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's d...
Researchers at San Francisco State University have discovered a strange and confounding system of genes in the creeping vole, a tiny rodent native to the Pacific Northwest. The team found that the X and Y chromosomes had fused, causing the X chromosome in males to act like a Y chromosome.
A study found that introduced plant species on Christmas Island do not provide a balanced meal for fruit bats, putting their survival at risk. The researchers suggest preserving the animals' complex foraging habitats is key to their conservation.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that COVID-19 geriatric care significantly impacted the mental health of nursing home staff, causing stress, anxiety, and depression. The lack of PPE, fear of contracting COVID, and isolation due to lockdowns contributed to these negative outcomes.
Researchers discovered that a population of regulatory T cells serve as tissue repair engineers to promote functional recovery after stroke. Boosting these cells improved behavioral and cognitive functions in mice for weeks after a stroke, pointing to potential immunotherapy.
A new study successfully treated flies displaying behavioral problems linked to schizophrenia-associated genes using common anti-psychotics. The research identified two key genes, Rim and CACNA1A/CACNA1B, which are involved in neurotransmitter release and electrical signaling in neurons.
Researchers found that the proportion of non-white residents increased among obstetrics and gynecology, surgical, and nonsurgical training programs. The study suggests improvements in diversity and inclusion efforts are needed to address racial and ethnic disparities in medical education.
A study suggests that pregnant women with gestational diabetes made only modest dietary changes, including a reduction in juice consumption and an increase in artificially sweetened beverages. Disparities were found in certain groups, such as Hispanic women and those with obesity or lower education levels.
Astronomers will use the James Webb Space Telescope to study a region of gas and dust in the Orion Nebula called the Orion Bar, which is shaped by intense ultraviolet light from young stars. The team hopes to understand how massive stars influence their environments and even the formation of our own solar system.
A new study suggests that hexanoic acid could be a suitable substitute for chemical protection in citrus cultivation, addressing concerns about the impact of old-school defenses on food safety. Researchers believe this fatty acid may help protect against diseases like canker, which causes brownish lesions on leaves and fruit.
Researchers at the University of Virginia School of Engineering have created a new class of soft materials with exceptional stretchability and elasticity, mimicking the properties of vocal cords. The elastomers can be 3D printed for use in healthcare and exhibit promising potential for future treatments.
A study examining racial and ethnic representation among academic medicine departmental chairs found that people of color comprised just 3% of the positions between 1980 and 2019. The research, published in JAMA Network Open, highlights a persistent diversity gap in academic leadership.
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology unveiled a new scanning technology that can detect small amounts of nuclear materials in airports and seaports. The Neutron-Gamma Emission Tomography (NGET) system can pinpoint the origin of neutron and gamma ray emissions from weapons-grade plutonium and other special nuclear materials.
A new study from Washington State University found that workplace cultures adopting COVID-19 prevention measures led to fewer employees showing up to work and public places with symptoms. This effect was observed both inside and outside of work, and remote workers were also influenced by their employers' climate.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a novel technique to study the neuroscience of motor control in mice by focusing on their tongue movements. This approach reveals similarities between mouse tongue movement and primate reach tasks, allowing for new insights into motor control and potential applications in understanding n...
A new survey found that nearly two-thirds of adults expressed concern about worsening moods during Lockdowns, with coffee helping to lift almost half of their negative moods. The study also revealed that lockdowns had a significant impact on mental health, with twice as many people concerned about mental health than physical inactivity.
Researchers developed a digital precision agriculture tool called Nutrient Expert to help Nepalese rice farmers plan nutrient applications. The tool increased yields by over 2 t/ha compared to general recommendations.
Researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science have discovered a 'sandwich' structure in 2D perovskite films used in solar cells. This layout encourages excitons to move from the central layer to both surfaces, helping to result in more efficient solar energy generation. Prototype devices have demonstrated 13% efficiency.
Researchers developed a machine learning technique that measures topological traits of cell clusters, accurately categorizing them and inferring cellular behavior. The algorithm uses persistent homology to examine microscope images and identifies persistent topological objects that can be used to classify cells.
A study of US consumer views on utilizing digital information for COVID-19 control found varying levels of acceptance based on several factors. The research identified key factors associated with higher or lower approval of using this information.
Researchers identify 'antisense long non-coding RNA' regulating tau protein production, a crucial mechanism for brain cell function. The discovery may lead to new treatments for dementia-related diseases, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
A multinational study validated a four-month multi-drug therapy regimen as effective as the standard six-month treatment for active tuberculosis, reducing treatment time by a third. The new regimen, which includes rifapentine and moxifloxacin, was safe and well-tolerated.
Researchers found that internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) significantly improves eczema symptoms and reduces stress, insomnia, and depression. The treatment required fewer therapy resources than conventional face-to-face psychological treatment, making it a potential care option for a large patient group.
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of São Paulo found that healthy young adults on vegan or omnivorous diets with adequate protein intake gained equivalent muscle mass. The key to this finding lies in the level of protein intake, rather than the source.
A research project at Göttingen University is studying the effectiveness of tracing apps in fighting crises. The team aims to assess the positive and negative effects of these 'societal apps' on individuals and society.
Researchers analyzed blood samples from 2,600 donors and 2,500 pregnant women to estimate past COVID-19 infection rates. The study found nearly all positive samples displayed virus-neutralizing responses, suggesting milder infections provide some protection against re-infection.
A US study published in The BMJ found that 14% of adults with COVID-19 developed new conditions requiring medical care during the post-acute phase. Risk was higher in younger adults and those with pre-existing conditions, but persisted even among those who recovered at home.
A new computational approach identifies genes most likely linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and predicts patient IQ using rare mutations. Researchers analyzed de novo missense mutations in a cohort of patients with ASD and their siblings, revealing that most genes are mutated only once.
A new study finds that correcting online falsehoods on Twitter can lead to an increase in lower-quality, partisan content and toxicity, as users retweet and share false information after being corrected by others.
A team from Kazan Federal University and King's College London has developed a thermoplasmonic sensor that can detect phase transitions in nanoscale materials with high sensitivity. The sensor uses metallic nanoantennas to heat up the material, allowing for the detection of changes in its properties.
Researchers used slice-and-view scanning electron microscopy to uncover a twin boundary defect in a soft-block copolymer. The defect may be exploited to create materials with novel acoustic and photonic properties.
Researchers found that medium-sized terrestrial species suffered the greatest losses, implicating introduced mammalian predators as primary drivers. The study highlights the impact of colonial agriculture and habitat destruction on biodiversity.
A new study shows that breast cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, do not significantly increase the risk of Covid-19 infection or death. Researchers analyzed data from over 3,000 women treated for breast cancer during the pandemic and found that only 2% contracted the virus.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University developed a novel solution combining light and ultrasound waves to create ultra-narrow filters in silicon integrated circuits. This innovation addresses the challenge of accommodating long delays required for narrowband filtering, enabling more efficient microwave photonic systems.
A new algorithm will be developed to predict hospital readmissions for patients with COPD, using a combination of social information and clinical data. The goal is to provide personalized care management interventions and reduce early hospital readmissions.
Sumit Sharma, assistant professor at Ohio University, has received a $511,902 NSF CAREER grant to investigate surfactant molecule adsorption on metallic nanoparticles. His research aims to develop a fundamental theory explaining the optimal surfactants for specific results.
Salps, small gelatinous organisms, are competing with protists for food in the ocean, rather than krill. This shift in understanding changes the ecosystem's carbon sequestration and food availability.
Researchers found that adding a third drug to dual-drug inhalers can reduce severe asthma exacerbations and improve asthma control in children, adolescents, and adults with moderate-to-severe asthma. The study included data from 20 randomized controlled trials involving almost 12,000 patients.
A new study reveals that the End-Permian extinction event, also known as the 'Great Dying', was caused by a rapid spike in global temperatures due to volcanic activity. The researchers found that the region experienced abrupt aridification and changed climate patterns, with high-southern latitudes serving as refugia for moisture-loving...
An analysis of nine studies found that active music-making can provide significant cognitive benefits to older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Music-based interventions have the potential to support millions of older adults in their emotional, social, and well-being needs.
A research team from Penn Nursing and the University of Pennsylvania is working with community leaders and organizations to develop targeted COVID-19 strategies, including testing and vaccine access. The goal is to address health inequities in Philadelphia's racial and ethnic minority populations.
A new study suggests that physical activity is linked to improved emotional regulation in early childhood, which in turn predicts higher academic achievement. The findings highlight the importance of ensuring access to physical activity for disadvantaged children.
By mapping the genetic underpinnings of type 1 diabetes, researchers have identified a predictive causal role for specific cell types, including pancreatic exocrine cells. This study provides a major leap in understanding the causes of type 1 diabetes and may lead to new treatments for reversing its course.
A new international study found that pet owners who follow gluten-free, organic or grain-free diets are likely to look for similar characteristics in their dog's food. The study also found that dog owners in Germany preferred grain-free dog food at a rate of 30%.
A study identified a tumor marker that can predict which breast cancer patients will benefit from early HER2 targeted therapy, helping to avoid disease relapse. The research found that low or absent MLH1 and PMS2 gene expression may indicate an increased risk of death from the disease.
A recent study published in Microbiome Journal found that soil protists respond to plant signals, shifting community compositions and altering nutrient cycling. This groundbreaking research highlights the importance of including protists in terrestrial ecological studies.
Researchers at Yale University found that autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 cases can attack healthy tissue and organs, leading to increased disease severity. The study also suggests that long-lived rogue antibodies may contribute to lasting medical symptoms, or long COVID cases.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have developed a non-contact probe that enables the analysis of single cells within tumors without disrupting their spatial configurations. The tool can also introduce foreign materials to selected cells, facilitating advanced studies on complex diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's.
A Belgian team discovered iron and nickel in the atmospheres of comets across the Solar System, even at great distances from the Sun. This finding has implications for understanding the early Solar System's composition.
A study published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry reveals high levels of contaminants in killer whales near Norway, affecting their tissues and offspring. The findings also highlight the persistence and mobility of chemicals in marine ecosystems.