The Supertest study assesses the academic performance of engineering students in four countries, revealing notable differences in critical thinking skills. Russian students excel in mathematics and physics at the start of their studies, while Chinese students perform better overall. However, Chinese students' critical thinking skills d...
Scientists at the University of Queensland are using gene editing technologies to develop crops that can thrive in extreme and variable climate conditions. By integrating CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing into modern breeding programs, researchers aim to increase crop resilience and nutritional quality, ensuring global food security.
Researchers identified host DNA methylation patterns linked to antibiotic-persistent MRSA infections, highlighting potential for personalized treatment strategies. Methylation differences were more pronounced in immune cells, suggesting epigenetic markers for predicting infection outcome.
Advanced liver fibrosis worsens cancer-specific and overall survival in iCCA patients, regardless of surgical resection. Patients with advanced fibrosis are at increased risk of mortality across follow-up periods.
Researchers found evidence of oxygen-using enzymes in ancient bacteria and archaea, dating back 3 billion years before the Great Oxygenation Event. This suggests that life forms already utilized oxygen long before the main event, which allowed for the evolution of humans and other oxygen-breathing organisms.
Selective conifer breeding accelerates tree growth but may lead to genetic trade-offs with climate adaptation, posing challenges for future forests. The study identified genes associated with growth and cold tolerance, highlighting the need for careful breeding programs to maintain healthy forests in changing climates.
A recent MHRP study demonstrated that an experimental combination of a TLR7 agonist and broadly neutralizing antibodies delayed viral rebound after ART interruption by 2-fold. This approach may represent a potential strategy to target the HIV reservoir in infected individuals.
The Heidelberg geoinformation scientists developed a new analysis method to improve understanding of processes shaping the Earth's surface. The spatiotemporal segmentation approach can determine when and where surface alterations occur and which type of associated changes they represent.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences refutes the concept that a person's position within a network is crucial for information spread. Even with minimal advertising, the influence of individuals across the network becomes more equalized.
Moffitt researchers found that epithelial and mesenchymal subtypes of lung cancer cells respond differently to KRASG12C inhibitor therapy, with varying levels of sensitivity. The study suggests that targeting alternative signaling pathways, such as HER2 and FGFR1, may enhance treatment efficacy.
A recent study found that veterans who experienced traumatic adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and/or combat are more likely to think about suicide. Female veterans, in particular, appear vulnerable to suicidal thinking and may require enhanced support and evidence-based treatment.
A new tool helps managers balance benefits and drawbacks of wildlife tourism, considering factors like conservation, animal welfare, and ecosystem impacts. The framework reveals the wholistic acceptability of white shark cage-diving and identifies areas for improvement.
A research team from MedUni Vienna has confirmed a threshold value for a non-invasive imaging biomarker in breast cancer screening. This can be incorporated into short standard MRI scans to reduce biopsy rates by 30%. DWI, a special MRI technique, measures the motion of water molecules and can indicate whether a biopsy is necessary.
A single letter difference in a gene leads to sickle cell disease affecting 20 million worldwide, with varying life expectancy depending on social and environmental factors. A new review calls for integrative studies to better understand the disease globally and develop locally-appropriate interventions.
A team led by Dr. Brian Brown is developing a CAR T-cell therapy that specifically targets immune-suppressing macrophages in tumors, clearing the way for other T cells to destroy cancer cells. The grant aims to advance this promising approach and bring new hope to patients with solid tumor cancers.
Scientists at KAUST create an efficient catalyst that converts CO2 and hydrogen into methane using photothermal energy, reducing the need for external heat sources. The reaction achieves nearly 100% selectivity and impressive efficiency, offering a sustainable way to convert harmful greenhouse gases into valuable fuel.
Researchers will investigate how oral cancer releases mediators that sensitize and activate pain-sensing nerves, promoting cancer growth and pain. The goal is to develop novel approaches for treating oral cancer and pain.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed a theoretical model to design soft materials that demonstrate autonomous oscillating properties, mimicking biological functions. The work could advance the design of responsive materials for therapeutics and robot-like soft materials.
A new study from the University of Kansas finds that information presentation has little influence on how people perceive fake health news. However, labeling unverified content as such significantly affects respondents' perceptions and intentions to share. Social media efficacy is a key factor in determining credibility, with those who...
A study by Drexel University researchers found that rural seniors in Medicare Advantage plans switched to traditional Medicare at a higher rate than nonrural seniors, mainly due to limited access to providers. This highlights the need for policies to incentivize healthcare professionals to practice in rural areas.
A novel algorithm, Epigraph, has been used to create a broadly reactive influenza vaccine for swine flu and may also be applicable to developing a pan-coronavirus vaccine. The immune responses to the vaccine showed promising breadth against diverse viral variants.
Researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed a new testing strategy that effectively reduces collusion among students taking online tests. The 'distanced online testing' approach estimates each student's competence levels and assigns questions at varying times, reducing the incentive for students to receive help.
A study by the American Psychological Association found that individuals with lower education levels and those who have a positive attitude towards alternative medicine are more susceptible to believing misinformation on healthcare topics. The researchers also discovered that people who fell for misinformation on one topic were more li...
Researchers have developed an injectable hydrogel that could help repair and prevent further damage to the heart muscle after a heart attack. The study found that timely injection of the hydrogel resulted in less fibrosis and an increase in new blood vessels, preserving cardiomyocytes and supporting functional recovery.
A new study has identified genetic variations that may contribute to the development of keratoconus, a progressive eye condition causing sight loss. The findings could lead to earlier diagnosis and potentially new therapeutic targets.
A new study found that Europeans spend an average of £35 per trip to visit water bodies, with a typical family making 45 trips annually. Poor perceived water quality can result in significant losses, with over €100 billion in annual costs.
Researchers build first model to track travel patterns of shared e-scooter use, capturing built environment variables more precisely. The study finds that tourism, commercial areas, hotels, and public transit stops are predictive of scooter destinations in Washington D.C.
Researchers at the University of Warsaw have demonstrated how to structure light to exhibit collective spin behavior like a ferromagnet. They trapped light in a thin liquid crystal layer between mirrors and observed first-order and second-order merons and anti-merons, which can be used to study complex systems.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed new 4D hydrogels that can change shape in response to external trigger signals. These materials may help create tissues with more realistic architecture by simulating forces that drive movement during development, leading to improved tissue engineering outcomes.
Researchers discovered that Neandertals possessed the ability to perceive and produce human speech, with similar auditory capacities as modern humans. The study found that Neandertal ear structures were 'tuned' to hear frequencies within the range of modern human speech sounds.
A large Danish study found an association between exposure to green spaces and reduced risk of ADHD diagnoses. The research suggests that living in green environments may be a protective factor for children, but further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
A team of researchers from the University of Fukui and Kanazawa University have challenged the long-held assumption that potassium channels are highly selective for potassium ions. Their findings indicate that sodium ions can also pass through these channels, with a conductance one-eightieth that of potassium ions.
Specialized geriatric emergency care reduces hospitalizations and costs for Medicare beneficiaries, with savings ranging up to $2,905 after 30 days. The study found a significant reduction in total costs of care when patients were seen by transitional care nurses or social workers trained in geriatric emergency care.
A new paper discusses how smoking may affect risk for COVID-19 and proposes areas of research needed to better understand the link. Studies have shown that current smokers with COVID-19 have twice the risk of dying in the hospital as nonsmokers, highlighting the need for rigorous study design to clarify this relationship.
A new artificial intelligence system, WE-FORGE, generates fake documents to protect intellectual property and make it difficult for adversaries to identify the real document. The system, designed at Dartmouth College, uses natural language processing to create believable and incorrect documents.
A study by University of Portsmouth researchers found that poor leadership and management were the most common reasons for police officers leaving the force. The study also highlighted the importance of balancing individual needs with organisational demand to reduce turnover and improve commitment.
Researchers assessed COVID-19 trial recruitment and results reporting within the first 100 days of the pandemic. The study found challenges in recruiting participants and accurately reporting trial results, which can impact the validity of clinical trials.
The article highlights the importance of pediatric nephrologists' involvement in caring for children with cancer, from diagnosis to treatment and beyond. Key findings include the increasing need for onco-nephrology expertise due to rising childhood cancer rates and advances in therapy protocols.
Researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology have developed a non-contact, non-destructive method to measure the firmness of soft fruits like mangoes. They use laser-induced plasma shockwaves and analyze the resulting Rayleigh waves to determine ripeness, providing a reliable way to indirectly assess fruit quality.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have developed a new technique that uncovers tricks cancer cells use to evade immunotherapies. The approach identified new mechanisms of resistance and validated existing ones, providing insights into why some melanoma patients don't respond to treatment.
Osaka University researchers employed machine learning to design new polymers for photovoltaic devices, virtually screening over 200,000 candidate materials. They found promising properties consistent with predictions, leading to potential breakthroughs in functional material discovery.
Researchers successfully developed bispecific antibodies that can target and deplete cancer cells without damaging healthy ones, including mutant tumor suppressor genes like p53. These antibodies could be used 'off-the-shelf' and are a promising alternative to engineered immune cell therapies.
A recent study published in Oncotarget identified elevated platelet counts as a prognostic factor for poor outcomes in patients with metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, particularly those classified as intermediate-risk. These findings highlight the importance of stratification models in guiding treatment decisions and design c...
New research from the University of Kent suggests that childhood exposure to diversity is key to fostering acceptance of other groups, leading to sustainable social cohesion. A model of immigration shows that medium-paced immigration promotes greater community cohesion over time.
A global survey found significant international support for governments to take more action on the environment, with high levels of agreement in seven major countries. The study suggests that voters across party lines want to see more government action, with a majority supporting policies such as protecting wildlife and planting trees.
Researchers used models to predict cross-feeding interactions between microbes in the human gut, which could aid doctors in understanding gut health. The model was supported by genomic annotations and accurately predicted about 65% of its predictions.
Researchers at Tufts University use lipid nanoparticles to deliver CRISPR machinery specifically to the liver, reducing blood cholesterol levels by up to 57% in mice. The treatment may provide a long-term solution for high cholesterol, which affects over 29 million Americans.
Researchers identified various molecular pathways and predictive biomarkers of drug resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Tailored therapies can improve prognosis for patients with refractory disease, particularly those with specific clinical features.
A new computational tool called mixscape has been developed to help understand the function and regulation of human genes. Mixscape identified a molecular mechanism for regulating immune checkpoint proteins that govern the immune system's ability to identify and destroy cancer cells.
A new study suggests that individuals who remain asymptomatic after SARS-CoV-2 infection have a highly efficient and balanced anti-viral cellular response. This response produces a careful balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, protecting the host without causing symptoms.
Researchers develop bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies that target cancer cells and stimulate the immune system without removing T-cells. This approach could make personalized treatments more broadly accessible and potentially transform cancer into a chronic disease.
Researchers at RMIT University have developed a method to predict and control the ripening process of cheese, allowing for earlier detection of quality issues. This new approach uses biomarkers and multi-omics analysis to compare cheese samples, enabling more accurate grading and reducing waste.
Researchers found that women's likelihood of winning a party leadership contest in primaries is significantly lower than males, even after controlling for other factors. The study suggests that the system prioritizes 'inclusion' over 'representation', disadvantageing women.
A new type of ultrasound scan, shear wave elastography, has been shown to detect residual cancerous tissue in the brain more sensitively than traditional methods. The technique, which measures tissue stiffness and stretchiness, could improve surgical outcomes and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.
Polaritons form structures behaving like molecules, with properties such as new energy states and optical properties. Artificial polariton molecules have potential uses in quantum information systems, including dissipating less power and operating faster than traditional methods.
Scientists at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin have identified a promising target for new antibacterial agents in the formation of ribosomal components. The study, published in Molecular Cell, reveals that a helper protein called ObgE plays a key role in guiding the process, which could be inhibited to stop bacterial growth.
AusStage, a digital humanities platform preserving Australian live performance history, has been awarded a UNESCO Memory of the World accolade. The recognition highlights the importance of preserving artistic activity and its impact on understanding Australia's cultural heritage.
A team of researchers from Aalto University and other institutions have developed a method to monitor the digestion of DNA nanostructures by endonucleases in real time. This study provides insights into tunable drug delivery and new design paradigms for DNA-based drug-carriers, with potential applications in cancer treatment.
Researchers found that tumor cells increase SLC6A14 expression levels in response to methionine deprivation, leading to increased AMPK activation. Targeting both SLC6A14 and AMPK may drive unbalanced metabolism in starved tumor cells, promoting apoptosis.
A COVID-19 lockdown in Northern China led to a significant decrease in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions but an increase in ground-level ozone pollution. Researchers found that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were driving the increased ozone production, as NOx levels scavenged radicals and prevented ozone formation during summer months.
A new study by Keck Medicine of USC found that alcohol and tobacco sales nationwide rose significantly during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales increases were highest among younger adults, ethnic minorities, those with younger children and/or large families, and those with higher incomes.
Scientists use monoclonal antibodies against the glucagon receptor to convert alpha cells into beta cells, significantly increasing the number of cells in the pancreas. This could potentially treat both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes by restoring natural insulin production.
Researchers found that financial incentives encouraged hospitals to enact rapid system and practice changes to support treatment for opioid use disorder. However, smaller or independent hospitals struggled to invest in resources due to internal barriers.
Despite Africa being home to 17% of the world's population, African authors account for only 3% of COVID-19 research papers. Analysis of top medical journals reveals a significant underrepresentation of African authors and perspectives in global health literature.
A survey of 18,000 women in 16 countries found that 69% would receive a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and vaccinate their children. Vaccine acceptance varied by country, with lower rates in the US and Russia.
A special supplement to the journal WORK explores the latest advances in comfort research, highlighting the importance of human behavior in determining comfort. The studies examined various factors, including the impact of posture, movement, and environmental conditions on comfort.
A new study published in Psychopharmacology found that frustration is a significant contributor to addiction. Researchers at UTMB used a rat model to demonstrate how frustration can lead to increased drug intake and escalation of opioid use disorder.
Researchers found that agri-environmental schemes can help maintain species richness across flowering fields and seminatural grasslands in Germany. The study suggests a combined network of both is necessary to maximize biodiversity conservation efforts.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that intermittent hypoxia inhibits mandibular cartilage growth in newborn rats. The study also showed decreased expression levels of genes TGF-β and SOX9 in jaw cartilage, while collagen X displayed increased expression.
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that methoxyflurane administration resulted in lower pain scores compared to standard care. However, it did not achieve the desired substantial reduction in pain as prescribed.
The study found that breast cancer cells switch between two distinct states: mesenchymal and amoeboidal, which are influenced by tissue fiber alignment. The level of fiber alignment is crucial in determining the progression of breast cancers. Understanding this mechanism can help predict and treat metastatic disease.
A new study highlights the importance of preserving intraspecific variation within species, which supports essential ecological functions and benefits nature provides for people. The loss of this variation can have serious ecological consequences, including boom-bust population cycles and reduced medicinal properties in plants.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki discovered that HIV's Nef protein activates protein kinases, leading to chronic immune activation and disease progression. The study suggests repurposing kinase inhibitors as a new treatment option for patients whose immunodeficiency is not reversed by current therapies.
Scientists at Far Eastern Federal University have developed a compound that kills prostate cancer cells while also activating an enzyme protecting them. The compound, 3,10-dibromofascaplysin, works well in combination with approved anticancer drugs and is being studied for its potential to reduce side effects.
A new study reveals that fairy wrasses' diverged in form and colour after repeated sea level rises and falls during the last ice age, driven by an 'evolutionary arms race' to court females and chase off rival males. The research used a novel genome-wide dataset to reconstruct the fish's evolutionary history.
Researchers tested CER-001 on a human patient with familial LCAT deficiency, showing improved kidney function and stable vision for up to 11 months. The treatment was well-tolerated, but further studies are warranted to prevent kidney progression.
A school-based cavity prevention program reduced untreated cavities by more than 50% among 6,927 elementary school students. The program, which provided twice-yearly dental exams and treatments, showed promise in reducing health disparities and saving federal dollars.
A study found that growth mindsets are positively correlated with math, science, and reading performance globally. However, the effect is weaker in countries with low educational mobility, where environmental factors hinder individual growth.
New research highlights how extreme rainfall associated with climate change harms babies' development, leading to smaller birth-weight and premature birth. The study found that even non-extreme intense rainfall resulted in lower birth-weight, with children from disadvantaged households facing the most severe effects.
A study at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that socioeconomic status is significantly linked to IQ, academics, and self-care skills in children with brain tumors treated with radiation. The gap between these groups widens over time.
A new study by Scripps scientists reveals that mountain snowpack is vulnerable to premature melt due to rising temperatures, with coastal regions and the Arctic being the most at-risk. The research identifies regional variations in snowpack melt and provides a theory explaining why some regions are more susceptible than others.
Researchers studied how the herbicide naptalam affects plant growth by inhibiting auxin transport proteins. Naptalam disrupts polarity in plants by blocking the directional flow of auxin, leading to inhibited root growth and altered flower and seed formation.
Scientists found microplastics ranging from two-hundredths of an inch to less than a tenth of an inch long, with polyethylene being the most commonly observed polymer. The study suggests stormwater could be an important source of plastic pollution in oceans and waters.
A new health equity curriculum at Wake Forest School of Medicine improved students' knowledge and confidence in addressing social determinants of health. The program, implemented in 2018, included simulations, online modules, and community-based partnerships.
A recent study by Northwestern University used AI to analyze 92 million COVID-19-related tweets and found that people's biases are magnified when reading tweets about the virus, with retweets increasing their belief in false information.
The article highlights available treatment alternatives for mild and serious COVID-19 cases, as well as vaccine options that can confer immunity to vaccinated individuals. Researchers conclude a combinatorial therapy should be designed with both immunizations and small compounds.
Research finds that water clarity affects how growth rates of walleyes change as lakes start to warm; growth rates increased in some lakes and decreased in others
The study reveals that mutations in histones can disrupt nucleosome remodeling, contributing to the development or progression of various human cancers. Researchers identified key sites and mutations affecting chromatin structure and stability, which may play a role in cancer progression.
Researchers found identical patterns in plant functional traits along microclimatic gradients across four tundra ecosystems, improving climate change impact predictions. This study reveals generalizable rules in nature, allowing for the application of scientific results from one region to another.
The Vilcek Foundation will award three prizes of $50,000 each to early-career immigrant researchers in biomedical science. The foundation aims to recognize individuals who bring unique insight and perspective to their work, with a focus on supporting young research leaders.
A new study by Oregon State University suggests that low-intensity thinning in riparian zones can aid forest restoration without harming streams. The research examined the effects of shade and light reductions on stream temperatures in three small watersheds in northern California's second-growth redwood forests.
Scientists have identified a region within the GLI1 gene responsible for regulating its expression, providing a potential target for cancer treatment. Removing this region eliminates GLI1 activity, halting excessive cell division characteristic of cancer.
Brian Zhou, Assistant Professor of Physics at Boston College, has received a $567,000 NSF CAREER Award to study the imaging of photocurrents in quantum materials. He will use this funding to develop nanoscale quantum sensors for spatially imaging flow and characterize ultrathin magnetic materials.
Research published in the American Heart Association's Circulation journal reveals that consuming 2 fruit and 3 vegetable servings daily may be the optimal amount for a longer life. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables help reduce risk of chronic health conditions.
Grafting neurons from monkeys' own cells into their brains relieved debilitating movement and depression symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. The autologous transplants showed significant improvements within six months, with dopamine levels doubling and tripled within a year.
Direct ethanol fuel cells have high energy density, low toxicity, and easy operation, but lack robust electrocatalysts for anodic ethanol oxidation. The study proposes alloying effects with core-shell construction to optimize Pd shell surfaces, achieving highest mass activity and specific activity for catalyzing ethanol electro-oxidation
Scientists demonstrate precise positioning of transition-metal dopants in graphene, opening doors to exotic electronic, magnetic, and topological properties. Meanwhile, a new diamond anvil pressure cell enables high-pressure science not possible elsewhere, revealing insights into super-hydrides and earth-core pressure conditions.
Researchers found that tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody treatment, improved length of stay by eight days and reduced mechanical ventilator use, but had no significant impact on clinical status or mortality rate in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Further studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness
A research group from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and the UK propose six criteria to mitigate the impacts of invasive species. The guidelines include a detailed survey of the situation and recommended responses such as cost-benefit analysis and intervention strategies.
A WHO expert panel recommends against the use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19 infection in people without symptoms. The guideline is based on high certainty evidence from six randomized controlled trials involving over 6,000 participants.
Researchers create a 'ship-in-a-bottle structure' by slowly moving reactive components to the surface, where they form stalagmite-like spikes of metal oxides. This process enables purification and recovery of pure and precious metals from alloys in electronic waste.
A study compared seven countries' dietary guidelines and found significant variations in greenhouse gas emissions associated with food consumption patterns. India's diet had the lowest carbon footprint, while the US had one of the highest due to high dairy recommendations.
A novel soft tactile sensor with skin-comparable characteristics has been developed for robots, allowing them to grasp fragile objects and thread needles. The sensor decouples external forces into normal and shear components, providing accurate measurements.
A new study by University of Michigan and Boston University researchers found that only 21% of dollars spent on 15 top-selling partial orphan drugs went to treating rare diseases, while 70% went to common diseases. This raises questions about whether the benefits of orphan drug status are always warranted for these drugs.
The Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation's Global Reef Expedition found the Chagos Archipelago to be home to some of the most diverse coral reefs in the Indian Ocean. Despite being relatively undisturbed, human impacts were evident, and mass bleaching caused widespread coral mortality.
A four-year study will assess Siberia's permafrost expansion and contraction in response to climate change. The research team combines archives of permafrost ice, cave deposits, and crustacean fossils to reconstruct past temperatures and regional climate histories.
Researchers from Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University modified the SIR model to include individuals in isolation or quarantine. Their results show that total isolation early on can significantly reduce the spread of disease and bring an earlier end to the pandemic. The modified SEIR model has been tested on data from St...
Tyler Robinson, a Northern Arizona University astronomer, has been recognized as a 2021 Cottrell Scholar for his outstanding academic leadership and research quality. He will receive a three-year $100,000 grant to advance his teaching and research, focusing on exoplanet atmospheres and undergraduate education.
On calm days, sunlight warms the ocean surface in tropical oceans, driving atmospheric turbulence and affecting weather patterns. Researchers from Oregon State University used Doppler lidar technology to collect unprecedented measurements of turbulence over the ocean, revealing that such events occur during about 5% of days.
A recent study analyzing over 20,000 genomes found similarities and differences in genetic patterns among anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. The research team discovered that while these eating disorders share genetic risk with psychiatric disorders, they differ in their association with body weight regulation.
Research found a strong association between birthweight of 2.5kg or more and lower IGF-1 levels, which are linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The study involved 112,736 women and 68,354 men from the UK Biobank study.
Specialized proteins called cadherins join forces to make cells stick together, forming bonds 30 times stronger than individual strengths. This discovery could lead to more life-like artificial tissues and tumor-busting drugs.
A new study estimates that the externalities of coal, oil, and gas are worth trillions of dollars, with coal accounting for nearly 60% of energy externalities. The research highlights the market failure of the world's energy systems, suggesting that factoring in these costs could make fossil fuelled power stations economically unviable.
Researchers have made a significant advance in understanding oxygen-redox processes involved in lithium-rich cathode materials, proposing strategies to mitigate limitations and increase energy density. The breakthrough offers potential routes to more reversible high-energy density Li-ion cathodes.
DEI leaders in academic medicine face growing expectations without sufficient resources. A new article offers guidelines for departments to support their efforts, including elevating the title, clear job responsibilities, and financial compensation. The authors aim to create a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive environment.
A RUDN University professor has developed a method to calculate the permeability of bone implants by biological fluids. The study found that both porosity and pore size affect material permeability, with higher porosity leading to increased permeability.
Youth Medicaid enrollment in managed care increased from 65% in 2000 to 94% in 2017, but preventive care coverage fell short of the 80% goal. The study found significant increases in preventive care services in 17 states and decreases in six states, with Tennessee seeing the largest increase and North Carolina the largest decrease.
A study found that early exposure to heat and low oxygen can leave lasting scars on oysters' ability to grow tissue. Oysters invested more in growing their shells than tissue when exposed to the double punch of low oxygen and warmer waters. This could pose a problem for anyone involved in the seafood industry.
Researchers at Lund University develop a method to convert cotton into sugar, which can be turned into spandex, nylon, or ethanol. The process involves soaking fabrics in sulphuric acid, producing a clear, dark amber-coloured sugar solution with potential uses in various industries.
Researchers analyzed COVID-19 data to understand the immune system's response and found SARS-CoV-2 uniquely triggers a more severe cytokine storm in certain patients. The study aims to identify better treatments and diagnoses for this deadly condition.
Scientists have discovered a new breeding site for the world's rarest seal species, the Mediterranean monk seal, in northern Cyprus. At least three pups were born at one cave between 2016-19, highlighting the need for urgent conservation efforts.
A team of researchers analyzed reams of bioarchaeological data from the Neolithic to Late Roman period and found low levels of migration in the region. Migration rates ranged from 6% to 9% of the population within the dataset, decreasing over time.
Researchers from Osaka University and colleagues found that plant root tips converge to a dome shape, similar to arch bridges, due to localized tissue growth. This shape helps evenly distribute mechanical force, enabling roots to efficiently push through soil.
A new study reveals that global warming can reduce energy transfer in plankton food webs by up to 56%, threatening the survival of larger animals. Warmer temperatures cause metabolic rates to accelerate faster than growth rates, leading to less efficient energy flow and reduced biomass.
A new national study found that excessive social media use is associated with a higher risk of binge-eating disorder in US preteens. Children who spend more time on social media are more likely to develop the disorder, with each additional hour linked to a 62% increased risk.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that increasing students' sense of belonging in school is a key way to boost academic motivation. Over two years, the study followed more than 1,600 students and found that most shifted towards more adaptive profiles with better motivational characteristics.
The study reveals that despite local coral loss, global extinction risk is lower for most species due to broad geographic ranges and huge population sizes. The researchers estimate that only a few dozen of the 80 considered species are threatened with extinction.
Researchers develop targeted immunotherapy approach that specifically kills cancer cells by targeting mutant protein fragments presented on the cell surface. The therapy uses bispecific antibodies to recognize and destroy cancer cells, bypassing conventional antibody limitations.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have identified two argonaute-like proteins that protect plant fertility from stress, enabling plants to maintain male fertility and survival. This discovery is crucial for safeguarding future crop production under unpredictable climatic conditions.
Researchers at Cornell University are developing a hyperlocal weather forecasting system to improve winter-storm emergency response in rural New York communities. The system, led by professor Max Zhang, will integrate computer vision, numerical weather forecasting, and Internet of Things-based sensing packages.
A new study found that the Binax NOW rapid antigen test is comparable to PCR testing in adults with symptoms of seven days or less. However, the test detected lower rates of COVID-19 cases in symptomatic children, highlighting the need for careful interpretation and potential use of PCR confirmatory tests.
The Cleveland African American Prostate Cancer Project aims to reduce health disparities by increasing prostate cancer screening among African American men. The project will develop and implement a comprehensive, sustainable program to screen for prostate cancer using barbershops as community hubs.
A Hungarian research team studied pre-schoolers' attention patterns and found that those who frequently use mobile devices focus more on details than on the global picture. The researchers believe this could have long-term effects on their cognitive development.
The cosmetic industry is shifting towards automation, AI, and machine learning for fast and smart formulation development. Key companies and start-ups will share their experiences and tools for optimizing product formulations sustainably.
Researchers have identified suberin as a crucial molecule in gas-tight compartments of C4 plants, enabling efficient CO2 fixation. The discovery has significant implications for breeding more resilient and productive crops, such as sugarcane, sorghum, and maize.
Washington State University scientists have developed a method to treat raspberries before freezing, allowing them to maintain their structure when thawed. The treatment involves infusing berries with pectin and calcium, partially drying them, and coating them with an edible layer, resulting in reduced syneresis and improved texture.
A new method called MutaSeq can distinguish cancer stem cells from healthy stem cells using single cell sequencing. This technology has the potential to identify drug targets that could eradicate leukemia at its source.
Research suggests that using cannabis for migraine relief may lead to medication overuse headache in patients with chronic migraine. The study found that individuals using cannabis had a significantly higher risk of developing medication overuse headache compared to those who did not use cannabis.
The Cell Culture Engineering XVII Conference has been postponed due to COVID-19, prompting two webinars to be held instead. The first webinar focuses on vaccines, highlighting their safety, efficacy, and global distribution. The second webinar explores therapeutic approaches using antibodies and biologics to neutralize the virus.
Researchers at HZB have developed a method to control lattice vibrations in graphene, enabling the creation of phononic crystals with tunable properties. This breakthrough paves the way for applications in ultrasensitive sensors and quantum technologies.
Rice University physicists have discovered a way to trap the world's coldest plasma in a magnetic bottle, advancing research into clean energy, space weather, and astrophysics. The ultracold plasma has applications for studying solar wind interactions, fusion power, and understanding plasma behavior in complex locations.
Research reveals the Acheulean stone tool tradition persisted for tens of thousands of years longer than thought, overlapping with Neanderthal and early modern human cultures. The study used statistical techniques to reconstruct the end of the Acheulean period, shedding new light on the transition between technologies.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have developed a new vaccination strategy to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). In tests in mice, the vaccine administered directly to the bladder effectively cleared bacteria. The study suggests that reprogramming the body's immune response could be key to fighting off UTIs.
Research from Cornell University finds that charter schools have contributed to increased school segregation and a decline in residential segregation. The study analyzed over 1,500 metropolitan school districts and found a link between charter school enrollment and racial sorting among families.
A team of researchers characterized the tools used by bearded capuchin monkeys in Brazil's Serra da Capivara National Park. The study found that different activities created unique use-wear marks on the tools, allowing for identification of their purpose and usage.
A new theory, MeshCODE, proposes that memories are written in the shape of molecules in synaptic scaffolds, forming a complex binary code. This discovery may lead to a new understanding of brain function and treating brain diseases like Alzheimer's.
New research by Dr. Ross Hickey suggests that private security systems are diverting police resources from those who need them most, exacerbating existing inequities in public protection. This can include households with lower incomes or those living on the street, which may not be receiving the same level of policing services.
Researchers developed a new method called biological activity-based modeling (BABM) to identify promising drug compounds. BABM uses a compound's activity patterns to predict its effectiveness against a new target or in a new drug assay.
Researchers have discovered how plants use their metabolism to sense time and conserve energy, shedding light on the 'plant clock'. This understanding could help optimize crop growth in various conditions, such as different seasons and latitudes. The study's findings may lead to more reliable food production and improved yields.
A RAND Corporation study found that bundled payments programs reduced total surgery costs by an average of $4,229 for procedures like knee replacement surgery. Patients who used preferred providers saw a 27.7% reduction in payments.
Researchers suggest three ways to improve COVID-19 vaccine distribution, prioritizing global health impact and addressing health disparities. By focusing on both direct and indirect health effects, countries can assist each other in vaccine production, distribution, and consumption.