Articles tagged with Behavior Genetics
Grand Valley State University researchers found that world-class sprinters are recognized as exceptionally fast prior to formal training. Most sprinters achieved world-class performances in less than five years, with over half of Olympic champions reaching this level in three years or fewer.
A new study by UC Santa Barbara researchers demonstrates that a particular neuron creates a 'personal space' in the retina, similar to human behavior. The study identifies a genetic contributor to this feature, pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (Pttg1), and shows that it is heritable.
Researchers will analyze genetic information from 10,000 UK families affected by intellectual disability, focusing on behavioral adjustments and medical history. The study aims to provide comprehensive genetic knowledge to help manage childhood behaviors and prevent poor mental outcomes in adulthood.
Researchers at Scripps Florida have discovered how a specific genetic mutation damages the developing brain, leading to intellectual disability. The study suggests new possibilities for therapeutic intervention and highlights potential biomarkers for cognitive failure.
Researchers found that deleting the APC gene from select neurons in the mouse brain led to reduced social behavior, increased repetitive behavior, and impaired learning and memory formation. The study provides insights into how the loss of APC affects brain development, learning, and behavior.
Research on genetics of sex determination explores the evolutionary loss of Y-chromosomes and mechanisms preventing self-fertilization. The collection includes studies on yeast, nematodes, maize, and Brassicaceae, shedding light on the biological processes behind sex differences.
A team of researchers has identified six new gene loci associated with forced vital capacity, a volume parameter of lung function. The study suggests involvement of these genes in lung development and certain pulmonary diseases.
Experts disagree with comments on mass shootings, stating that there is a critical difference between prediction and prevention. Misconceptions about mass murder behavior are linked to ongoing research efforts and public education, while pre-incident behaviors and warning signs can be misread or overlooked.
A Wayne State University study reveals that children genetically at risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder experience communication breakdowns in brain networks supporting attention. This dysfunction may amplify risk for psychiatric illnesses, highlighting potential premeditative intervention strategies.
Researchers found that a specific gene (MAOA) interacts with childhood adversity to predict higher rates of crime in an incarcerated sample. The study, published in Psychiatric Genetics, suggests that gene-by-environment interactions play a crucial role in understanding crime variation.
The use of genetic evidence in courts holds potential for assisting with judgments on criminal behavior, but also raises concerns about misinterpretation and misuse. Experts emphasize the need for careful evaluation to ensure that conclusions drawn from genetic data reflect valid science.
Researchers have resolved the crystal structure of sulfamidase, a key enzyme in Sanfilippo A syndrome. The discovery provides insights into the molecular consequences of genetic mutations and will aid in developing novel therapeutic molecules to manage the devastating disease.
A panel of 11 genes can predict an individual's risk of alcoholism with high accuracy at a population level. The genetic test also identifies people who are at higher or lower risk for the disease.
A molecular compound developed by Saint Louis University scientists has restored learning, memory, and appropriate behavior in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The compound also reduced inflammation in the brain responsible for learning and memory.
A new CU-Boulder study reveals that individuals are more genetically similar to their spouses than to randomly selected individuals from the same population. The researchers found a preference for genetic similarity in mates, known as genetic assortative mating, which is about a third of the strength of educational assortative mating.
Researchers at Harvard University have identified galanin neurons in the brain's medial preoptic area (MPOA) that regulate parental behavior in mice. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of conditions like post-partum depression and potentially offer new treatment options.
A genome-wide association study has identified a genetic marker associated with OCD, which could lead to new drugs and treatments for the debilitating disorder. The findings suggest a link between OCD and learning and memory, as well as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
A new framework increases the ability to detect genetic associations and interactions by utilizing data from existing genomic studies. The approach improves performance over standard methods and identifies promising candidates for genetic interactions affecting various diseases.
A stress-diathesis theory explains why only a small minority of individuals are at risk of suicidal behavior after exposure to stressful life experiences. Biomarkers based on genetic effects and brain imaging may help detect high-risk individuals.
A new analysis of archaeological records suggests that complex interbreeding and assimilation between Neandertals and early modern humans may have led to the demise of Neandertals. This contradicts previous theories that suggested modern human superiority was responsible for their extinction.
Researchers found that mutations in the PTEN gene result in specific social interaction deficits in mice, despite broader brain overgrowth. The study suggests a selective effect on behavior and cognitive development, with sex-specific impairments observed.
A team from the University of Pennsylvania used a computer-assisted approach to identify and rank candidate clock components, leading to the discovery of a new core clock gene named CHRONO. CHRONO physically interacts with known clock proteins and modulates daily rhythms in cells.
The article explores the connection between mass shooters' dress and behavior, highlighting potential risk factors for law enforcement and behavioral investigation teams. Researchers argue that identifying these characteristics could help prevent future acts of violence by allowing authorities to intervene earlier.
A study by Michigan State University psychologists finds that genes account for 23-40% of parental warmth, control, and negativity towards children. Environmental factors also play a significant role in shaping parenting behavior, highlighting the complexity of this dynamic.
Researchers found that male and female owl monkeys were genetically monogamous, with no cases of extra-pair paternity. The team discovered a strong connection between a species' faithfulness and significant involvement of males in caring for their young.
Recent years have seen progress in ASD research, with updates on genetic causes, effective treatments, and promoting success for young people with ASD entering college. The special issue of Harvard Review of Psychiatry highlights six key areas of research.
The study reveals that the mammalian cerebral cortex is organized into eight distinct subnetworks, which are relatively segregated and highly interconnected. These subnetworks facilitate motor behaviors such as eating and drinking, reaching and grabbing, locomotion and exploration of the environment.
Anthropologist Nina Jablonski warns of the dangers of using genomic knowledge to separate people based on genetic endowment or physical features, as it can lead to a new form of 'separate but equal.' She advocates for a more nuanced approach that considers human genetic admixture and individual variability.
UCLA researchers analyzed dozens of studies to find that ovulating women prefer mates with sexy traits like masculine body type and facial features, dominant behavior, and certain scents. These preferences shift as the woman's cycle progresses and are thought to have been markers of high genetic quality in male ancestors.
Researchers at UCLA and international collaborators identify 50 brain and behavioral measures associated with bipolar disorder, including thickness of gray matter in key brain regions. The study's findings could be a major step toward identifying specific genes contributing to the illness.
Researchers found that aggression genes control dominance in wasps, while also being linked to fighting behaviors in bees, fruit flies, and mice. External environment plays a crucial role in shaping gene expression, suggesting a stronger influence of nature over nurture.
The article 'Not Hardwired: The Complex Neurobiology of Sex Differences in Violence' describes the complex biological mechanisms in the brain that lead to the development of behaviors. Brain structure, function, and connectivity can differ between men and women, affecting how they respond to stressful or abusive triggers.
Researchers found that Neanderthal DNA is associated with genes affecting type 2 diabetes, Crohn's disease, and lupus. Additionally, they discovered that certain areas of the modern non-African human genome are rich in Neanderthal DNA, suggesting potential benefits for human survival.
The Genomics for Judges seminar, offered by the University of Illinois, aims to educate judges on how genetic information affects court decisions. The two-day course covers DNA sequencing, gene function, and genome analysis, preparing judges to deal with legal questions involving genomics in the courts today and in the future.
Researchers discovered similar DNA organization in fish and mice, indicating a shared genetic mechanism for limb formation. The study suggests that digits evolved by modernizing an existing regulatory mechanism in fish, rather than through a radical change.
A team of researchers from Caltech identified specific brain cells in male fruit flies that release a hormone promoting aggression. These findings suggest that aggression is genetically controlled and may be linked to personality disorders in humans. The study validates the use of fruit flies as a model for studying human aggression.
A unique study of white-throated sparrows found a genetic pathway connecting aggression and parenting behaviors to specific genes, specifically the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) gene. The research showed that variation in ER-alpha expression predicted behavior in territorial aggression and parenting.
Research reveals Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5) as a potential therapeutic target for treating movement disorders like Huntington's disease. The study found that blocking mGluR5 improved motor behaviors in a mouse model, suggesting its potential for treating Parkinson's disease as well.
Researchers identified a gene called Cyfip2 involved in the response to cocaine by comparing closely related mouse strains. The study suggests a potential link between this gene and human cocaine addiction, although further research is needed.
A genetic trait linked to stress sensitivity is responsible for a 38% increased risk of heart attacks and deaths in patients with heart disease. Researchers identified a specific gene variation that causes an overactive stress response, leading to higher rates of cardiovascular disease and death.
A new study found that fruit flies exhibit a strong preference for laying eggs on citrus substrates compared to other types of fruit. The basis for this preference lies in a single odorant receptor called Or19a, which is responsible for detecting the characteristic smell of citrus.
Researchers at UH have discovered that a specific protein inhibits gamma lobe neurons, which are involved in forming memories. This finding has implications for treating dementia by understanding how memories form.
Researchers describe four new species formerly grouped under the collared treerunner, highlighting genetic and morphological differences among populations. The discovery underscores the importance of biodiversity conservation efforts in addressing species extinctions.
Scientists at UCLA have made a breakthrough in understanding the biology of autism by mapping groups of autism-risk genes by function. They found that gene variants are expressed in the developing brain during critical processes, disrupting neural circuits and leading to miswiring between brain regions.
Researchers at The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research have discovered a new genetic risk factor called NDST3 for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This genetic variant alters the expression of the gene, affecting neurodevelopmental processes, offering potential therapeutic targets for treatment.
Experiences can modify genes involved in memory formation and drug use, leading to long-term brain changes. This epigenetic phenomenon affects normal development and abnormal processes like depression and psychiatric disease.
A recent study published in PLOS Biology reveals that a majority of rhythmic proteins are produced during two intervals of the circadian cycle, with proteins required for metabolism showing peak production during the day and those required for cell growth at night. This discovery provides new insights into the regulation of protein pro...
A recent study published in the Journal of Heredity has identified two distinct populations of bottlenose dolphins living in the Indian River Lagoon, separated by a north-south geographic area. The research also found genetic differences between these populations and those living in other areas, highlighting the importance of habitat a...
Researchers found a strong genetic connection between family members with autism and those with specific language impairment, characterized by speech and language difficulties. The study suggests that genes responsible for oral and written language impairments can result in similar behavioral characteristics.
Researchers at Oregon State University discovered a genetic link to behavioral problems in children's preschool and child care settings. Children with parents exhibiting high negative emotion and low self-control are more likely to struggle with behavior issues like lack of self-control and anger.
A UCSB anthropologist's study on the Tsimane population found that more open and extroverted personalities are associated with higher fertility in men, but not women. The research suggests that sex-specific differences in selection pressures may be driving this variation.
Researchers discovered two variants of Pds5 proteins that modulate cohesins' behavior, essential for proper cell division. Understanding this regulation can improve diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients and Cornelia de Lange Syndrome sufferers.
Researchers at RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics have uncovered a faulty brain mechanism underlying schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders in humans. Mice genetically engineered to display symptoms of schizophrenia exhibit abnormal neural activity in the default mode network, which processes memories and recall.
A University of Missouri researcher has found that individuals genetically predisposed to anxiousness are less likely to volunteer and help others. Helping such individuals cope with their anxiety may increase their prosocial behavior, improving their overall health and well-being.
A new UNL study reveals a genetic pathway that connects social anxiety to prosocial behavior, finding carriers of a dominant gene are less likely to help others. The study suggests this pathway can influence an individual's level of social anxiety and their willingness to engage in pro-social behavior.
A study by Oxford University researchers suggests that kissing helps humans size up potential partners and keeps them in long-term relationships. The survey found that women rated kissing as more important than men, particularly in long-term relationships where it plays a role in mediating affection and attachment.
Researchers found a rare RNA 'edit' in Trypanosoma brucei that changes genetic information necessary for protein production, and splicing is required for functionality. The discovery has significant implications for understanding coding sequences and potential drug targets.
A study published by the University of Copenhagen has found that certain genetic variants can make overeating a normal behavior in pigs, and may also be linked to human obesity. The research used genomic chip technology to map the DNA of nearly 1,200 pigs and discovered key genes involved in human obesity.
Researchers found that environmental factors played a significant role in shaping the songs and brain structures of zebra finches, with low heritability values for most characteristics except for syllable count and frequency. The study suggests that flexibility in response to environmental conditions helps maintain genetic variation.
Researchers selectively bred silver foxes for friendly behavior, resulting in faster maturation, more attractive features, and changes in hormone levels that affect physical development. These findings suggest that human preference for beautiful faces may be linked to an individual's approachability and sociability.