Articles tagged with Chromatin
Scientists developed RADICL-seq to map genome-wide RNA-chromatin interactions, identifying distinct patterns of genome occupancy for different classes of transcripts. The study highlights the role of transcription in establishing chromatin structure and suggests a new understanding of non-coding RNA's regulatory function.
Researchers have elucidated the mechanisms that mediate the establishment of epigenetic histone modifications following cell division. The team found that methylation patterns influence each other and are associated with specific regions of the genome, known as domains.
Researchers uncover complex mechanisms controlling epigenetic modifications on histones after cell division. The study provides deeper insights into the inheritance of epigenetic marks and has implications for understanding cellular differentiation and tumor development.
Researchers have developed DNA-binding editorial assistants to open up genes obscured by chromatin packaging, enabling CRISPR editing. This breakthrough enhances CRISPR efficiency and moves towards genetic-based assaults on diseases.
A Northwestern University team discovered how chromatin folds at the single-cell level, revealing a 3D forest structure. This finding could help scientists understand chromatin's role in cancer and other diseases.
A Northwestern University study discovered an inverse relationship between patient survival and the plasticity of tumor cells. Cancer cells with disorderly chromatin packing are more likely to adapt to treatments, but researchers can now develop new therapies that target chromatin packing to make cancer cells more vulnerable.
Researchers have uncovered how histone chaperones use chemical energy to assemble chromatin, a critical process in gene expression regulation. The discovery sheds light on the misregulation of chromatin structures and their role in developmental disorders and cancers.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center identified the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) as critical to the formation of mature and fully functioning T cells. AP-1 helps open up chromatin, a twisted structure of DNA that controls cell activation.
Tardigrades' protein Dsup protects cells from X-rays and hydroxyl radicals by binding to chromatin and forming a shield. This mechanism may help develop animal cells that can live longer under extreme conditions.
The study found that neuronal activation leaves lasting epigenetic changes, creating a genomic memory of past experiences. These changes can be detected days after initial activation and may contribute to the formation of memories.
Research reveals that chromatin domains are not the sole determinant of gene expression, with many genes resistant to rearrangements. The study challenges a current dogma in the field and raises questions about other mechanisms controlling enhancer-target interactions.
Researchers discover that moderate chromatin stress triggers a response that promotes longevity in various organisms, including yeast and C. elegans. The study suggests that this process may be conserved in other organisms, opening new possibilities for intervening in human aging.
A new study reveals that the transcription factor KNUCKLES plays a crucial role in terminating floral stem cell activity by initiating epigenetic events. This process involves the suppression of WUSCHEL gene expression, leading to the recruitment of Polycomb Group complexes and the formation of repressive H3K27me3 marks on chromatin.
A new framework analyzes gene regulation, identifying regulatory elements and their interactions with genes. The study reveals the structure of these elements, which influence gene expression and disease risk, and provides a model to understand genetic variation's impact on chromatin variability.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool have found that chromatin changes quickly in response to low oxygen, preceding gene expression activation. This discovery sheds light on how cells respond to oxygen deprivation and may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
Researchers developed a molecular bait to identify proteins involved in the cell's choice of DNA repair pathway, revealing key enzymes for homologous recombination. The discovery opens new possibilities for targeted cancer treatments using PARP inhibitors.
Researchers discovered that EZH2 mutations disrupt chromatin organization, leading to increased tumor growth and altered gene expression. Inhibiting mutated EZH2 restores normal gene regulation, highlighting its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
A new method for single cell chromatin accessibility profiling has been developed, allowing researchers to profile over 3000 cells from the spleen. The study revealed distinct immune cell types and related transcription factors, providing insights into cellular function and organization.
Dr. Peter Adams has been awarded a two-year $300,000 Glenn Foundation for Medical Research Breakthroughs in Gerontology (BIG) Award to investigate chromatin misfolding causes of aging. The award aims to support research that leads to a greater understanding of biological aging and its treatment.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München have discovered new details about the UHRF1 protein, which regulates gene activity and is produced at elevated levels in cancer cells. The research reveals an unexpected function of the UBL domain in DNA methylation and defines a new role for this domain in regulating gene expression.
Researchers identified a link between chromatin, transcription factors, and gene activation patterns in cancer. They found that specific mutations in chromatin can lead to changes in gene activity, driving cancer growth and development. The study provides new insights into cancer biology and potential treatments.
Researchers simulated DNA movements in a cell's nucleus, proposing that molecular machines cause chromatin segments to straighten and align neighboring strands. This alignment results in a cascading effect where large patches of DNA shift in the same direction.
Scientists have created a comprehensive atlas of the mouse genome's regulatory landscape, revealing how DNA elements regulate cell type identity and identifying potential links to human diseases. The study cataloged over 400,000 regulatory elements and assigned most patterns to specific cell types.
Researchers at Rice University have developed an energy landscape model that details the combination of forces driving nuclear motion in cells. The model, based on a protein folding algorithm, reveals the presence of dynamically associated domains and phase separation in chromatin segments.
A Danish-German research team has identified a novel long non-coding RNA, A-ROD, that enhances the production of specific proteins with involvement in cancer. The RNA functions as a lasso that brings transcription factors to specific sites in DNA to enhance gene expression.
Researchers have discovered a key link between RNA cytosine methylation, methyltransferases, and chromatin structure in regulating 5-azacytidine response in leukemia. The study's findings offer new insights into predicting drug resistance and potential therapeutic targets for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelo...
Researchers at Emory University uncover the role of hemimethylation in looping DNA and its impact on gene expression. They found that hemimethlyation is deliberately maintained and passed down through cell generations.
A new approach reveals how cells in developing embryos regulate their identity and determine their fate. The study identifies thousands of previously unknown regulatory elements used only in a subset of cells, providing insights into cellular development.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience reveals that romidepsin, an FDA-approved anti-cancer drug, restored gene expression and alleviated social deficits in mice deficient in the Shank 3 gene, a key risk factor for autism. The treatment had a profound and prolonged effect, lasting several years in humans.
A study by Penn researchers reveals that the 'Icebreaker' protein TCF-1 plays a crucial role in targeting condensed chromatin and regulating genome sequences in T-cell development. This breakthrough has significant implications for developing new therapies using epigenetic drugs to alter T-cell fate.
A new study proposes a double mechanism of inhibition of the NF-κB pathway linked to SirT6's action on chromatin. This regulation is associated with cellular stress levels and promotes genome stability and metabolic balance.
A team of scientists found that supercoiling powers the movement of cohesin protein complex along chromatin fibers, a key piece in understanding gene expression regulation. This discovery establishes a new chemo-mechanical process in chromosomes shaping optimal gene regulation through structural arrangements.
A study published in Molecular Cell sheds light on the molecular mechanisms controlling Amplified in Liver Cancer 1 (ALC1) enzyme activity. Researchers found that ALC1's 'macro domain' interacts with its ATPase motor, switching off activity when not needed.
Researchers develop a new strategy for treating cancer by controlling chromatin packing densities, which determines gene expression and resistance to treatment. The approach has shown promising results in cellular cultures and is now being tested in animal models.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have discovered a potential new treatment for Fragile X Syndrome by targeting chromatin remodeling proteins, which play a key role in the disease's symptoms. The study found that inhibiting these proteins can alleviate symptoms and improve neuronal function.
Researchers deciphered molecular processes influencing aging by studying chromatin silencing in yeast, discovering a balance between open and closed states to maintain cell function and longevity. Continuous or complete loss of this balance accelerates aging.
Scientists have discovered two new classes of histone modifications that couple cellular metabolism to gene activity, providing a potential mechanism for environmental influences on gene expression. The novel marks, propionylation and butyrylation, are linked to fatty acid metabolism and can drive transcription in test tube experiments.
A new study reveals that Mediator subunit MED25 links the jasmonate receptor to transcriptionally active chromatin. It also interacts with histone modification enzymes to regulate gene expression, integrating genetic and epigenetic regulators.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered how the genome's three-dimensional architecture changes during the cell cycle. The study found that condensation and de-condensation occur gradually, with larger domains forming during mitosis.
Researchers discovered that chromatin fragments outside the nucleus activate a DNA-sensing pathway, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The study aims to develop small molecules targeting this inflammatory pathway to treat age-related diseases.
Researchers at EPFL studied the TADs involved in digit development, finding that they can host multiple associations between genes and enhancers. Disrupting the 3D structure of chromatin leads to remodeling of TADs, with CTCF mediating long-range DNA contacts.
Researchers will investigate regulatory mechanisms and biomarkers of healthy aging, aiming to understand why the immune system weakens with age. The study may lead to new treatments for age-related health issues, such as increased vulnerability to infections and cancers.
A new imaging technique has revealed a more diverse and flexible DNA structure than previously thought, featuring small folds of DNA in close proximity. This discovery provides exciting insights into how chromatin directs gene expression and regulation.
A team of scientists at KAUST has discovered a key role for epigenetic chromatin modification in plant defense against pathogens. By phosphorylating histone deacetylase (HD2B), MPK3 releases genes and blocks others, rapidly reprogramming the cell's molecular makeup.
Researchers from the University of Seville and Cabimer have identified a new element responsible for chromosome instability. Chromatin structure changes cause DNA breaks, leading to mutations and replication stress. The findings suggest that chromatin plays a key role in certain DNA mutations, particularly those controlled by RNA.
Researchers developed new tools to infer context-specific regulatory networks from paired expression and chromatin accessibility data. This approach recovers significant information on binding locations and chromatin states, enabling accurate inferences for gene regulatory relationships.
Scientists at UNC discovered a cascade of molecular signals that program gene activity to drive fruit fly maturation, involving alterations to DNA packaging and chromatin accessibility. This basic biology finding may hold significance for understanding how cancers arise in humans.
Scientists have discovered that the 3D organisation of the genome arises when the first zygotic genes are transcribed, and these boundaries are maintained throughout development. This finding helps explain why the TAD organisation of genomes is similar across tissue types and evolutionary conserved regions between species.
Researchers developed a new technique to study three-dimensional genome organization in individual cells, revealing differences between maternal and paternal genomes. The study provides insights into the earliest stages of embryogenesis and may help understand totipotency and reprogramming of somatic cells.
A low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet has been shown to alleviate symptoms of a rare inherited intellectual disability in mice genetically engineered with a Kabuki syndrome-like condition. The study suggests that correcting an imbalance in chromatin's open and closed states may improve mental function, offering new hope for treatment.
LJI researchers identified key factors controlling T cell fate, shedding light on molecular mechanisms behind T cell exhaustion. This study offers new approaches to clinical intervention strategies to modulate T cell activity and improve immune function.
Researchers at University of Illinois discovered that mechanical force can directly trigger gene expression by stretching chromatin, a condensed DNA and protein mixture. The study found that the degree of stretching affects gene expression, with varying effects based on the direction of the force in relation to the cell's cytoskeleton.
Researchers used assortativity to analyze DNA interactions and identify proteins mediating chromatin contact networks. This approach helps understand genome organization and its relationship with gene expression regulation.
Researchers at CRG have discovered an active repression mechanism involving the progesterone receptor in hormone-dependent breast cancer cells, affecting 650 genes. The study identifies a protein FOXA1 that signals genes for repression by compacting chromatin and restricting gene access.
Researchers used computer simulations to model chromosomes and found that reorganization occurs only on small spatial scales and short time scales. The study aims to develop new methodologies for visualizing genome distances smaller than 0.1 Mbp, improving our understanding of chromatin behavior during interphase.
Researchers at Center for Genomic Regulation discover a new pathway generating energy in the cell nucleus to deal with stressful situations and high levels of DNA damage. The key enzyme NUDIX5 is identified as crucial for nuclear ATP synthesis, which could lead to targeted cancer medicine and biomarker development.
A small portion of the maize genome holds vast amounts of information controlling traits like plant size and stress response. This discovery could greatly accelerate crop improvement by allowing researchers to pinpoint specific genetic changes.
Researchers at Cornell University and Florida State University identified a tiny percentage of regulatory DNA in the maize genome that accounts for roughly half of the variation in observable traits found in corn. This discovery enables breeders to focus on these areas for more efficient plant breeding.
Researchers develop approach to understand chromatin regulators, which modify DNA to alter gene expression. They found that regulators control the probability of gene expression in a population, not just individual cells.
Researchers at Princeton University have discovered the two-step process that activates Suv39h1, an essential enzyme responsible for organizing large portions of human DNA. The study reveals how the enzyme employs a positive feedback loop to chemically tag unnecessary regions of DNA.