Articles tagged with Dna Damage
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Researchers have identified a key step in the molecular process of DNA repair and found a treatment to reverse aging, improve DNA repair, and potentially mitigate effects of cosmic radiation. Human trials are set to begin within six months.
Researchers at Aarhus University have described the structure and organization of the DNA control protein Rad26, revealing how kinase Rad3 is recruited to damaged DNA. This new knowledge may lead to the development of Rad3 inhibitors that make cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.
Scientists from UNC School of Medicine have confirmed the functions in bacterial cells of two important excision repair proteins, Mfd and UvrD, using an advanced sequencing technique. The study provides a genome-wide map of excision repair in bacteria and highlights the potential for developing novel antibiotic drugs.
E-cigarette vapour exposure has been shown to be genotoxic and cytotoxic in human lung cells at high doses. In contrast, Vype e-cigarette vapour produced no DNA damage even at 28 times the equivalent smoke dose. The findings suggest that e-cigarettes are safer than smoking cigarettes.
A new study reveals that DNA, but not RNA, can contort itself into different shapes to absorb chemical damage and maintain genome stability. Researchers used advanced imaging techniques to visualize these tiny changes in DNA's double helix.
Researchers at Washington State University have developed a technique to visualize DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, shedding light on its impact on skin cancer. The study provides clues on how sunlight triggers mutations and cancer, with implications for future therapies.
A recent study has shed light on the pathogenesis of DNA breakpoints associated with leukemia, revealing a mechanism that explains up to 90% of DNA damages in the most common type of childhood leukemia. The study identified a new high-risk subtype of leukemia characterized by abnormal expression of enzymes causing DNA damage.
A recent study published in BJU International found that smoking can cause DNA damage in sperm, leading to decreased fertility. The research included 20 non-smokers and 20 smokers and analyzed protein alterations in their sperm. Sperm with altered DNA may lead to health problems in offspring.
Researchers developed a new enhanced DNA imaging technique that can probe individual DNA strands at the nanoscale, providing orientation information and rotational dynamics. The technique offers more detailed information than current methods, enabling monitoring of DNA conformation changes and interactions with proteins.
High-intensity femtosecond laser pulses can cause DNA breaks and damage, with OH radicals being more likely to produce double strand breaks. The extent of damage can be controlled by varying the focal length of the focusing lens.
Researchers found a gene, MC1R, that influences how old people look to others. Carrying specific MC1R variants can make individuals appear almost 2 years older for their age, regardless of age, sex, skin color, or sun damage.
Researchers created knockout mice that lack a gene involved in DNA repair, shedding light on how cells fix broken DNA. The mice developed kidney and liver dysfunction due to impaired detoxification, highlighting the importance of FAN1 protein.
A breakthrough study has found that a bone drug can protect stem cells from the effects of ageing, extending their lifespan and maintaining their function. The drug, zoledronate, reduces DNA damage in mesenchymal stem cells, enhancing their survival and repair capabilities.
A team of researchers from Lehigh University and partners studied self-assembled complexes of DNA wrapped around single-wall carbon nanotubes using two-color photoluminescence spectroscopy. They confirmed a fast DNA autoionization rate and demonstrated that DNA holds the nanotube in water without changing its properties.
Researchers have developed a new way to detect chemical damage to DNA that can lead to genetic mutations and diseases. The method combines existing techniques to mark and copy DNA damage sites, preserving information on the location and type of damage.
Research by Rockefeller University scientists shows DNA strands increase mobility during repair, which may serve as a 'fail-safe mechanism'. This process is linked to chemotherapy and cancer treatment, and understanding its mechanisms could lead to new therapies.
Researchers discovered that a protective mechanism in egg cells prevents DNA-damaged eggs from being fertilized. This checkpoint helps prevent birth defects and miscarriages caused by damaged DNA. The study's findings offer new insights into the causes of infertility, birth defects, and spontaneous miscarriage.
Scientists have identified a new class of DNA repair enzyme that can recognize and remove positively charged lesions, including bulky ones. This discovery expands the understanding of DNA damage repair pathways and offers insights into alternative mechanisms for repairing genetic information.
A study led by Indiana University biologist Patricia Foster found that external environmental forces and oxidation are the primary threats to DNA repair, unlike previously thought. The research used whole genome analysis of spontaneous mutation in E. coli and showed that only loss of oxidative damage repair significantly impacted mutat...
Researchers at Rockefeller University have made new discoveries about the DNA repair process, uncovering previously unknown functions of histone H2AX. They found that a specific portion of the protein interacts with phosphorylated H2AX, facilitating the repair of double-stranded breaks in DNA.
A CNIO team has identified the origin of damage to induced pluripotent stem cells and developed strategies to reduce it, resulting in cells with less damage to their genome. This breakthrough improves the safety of iPS cells for use in biomedicine, potentially treating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have discovered a motor protein complex that transports severely damaged DNA within cells. The discovery sheds light on how cancer operates and could lead to new anti-cancer drug targets.
A new Stanford study found cellular damage detectable in patients after CT scanning, suggesting potential long-term health effects. The research calls for safer imaging practices and increased research into the impact of low-dose radiation on human cells.
Researchers have documented the full spectrum of UV radiation-induced DNA damage in human skin cells, allowing manufacturers to develop targeted sunscreen products. The study's findings reveal that prolonged sun exposure leads to an accumulation of damaging free radicals, causing skin aging and potentially initiating skin cancers.
Researchers discovered how elongin A morphs between roles as facilitator and destroyer in response to stress and DNA damage. This understanding sheds light on diseases like cancer where genes are improperly turned on or off.
Researchers have identified novel non-platinum-based molecules effective against cervical, breast, ovarian, and lung cancers without harming healthy cells. These discoveries could lead to the development of safer anti-cancer treatments with a unique molecular mechanism.
Researchers discovered a direct link between telomere degeneration and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a group of blood cell disorders. The study found that DNA damage caused by dysfunctional telomeres resulted in repressed expression of the RNA splicing gene SRSF2, affecting CMPs' ability to differentiate.
Researchers have discovered how to map more than one protein at a time when DNA is damaged, enabling the development of better and gentler cancer treatments. This new technique allows for a clearer picture of the reparatory process, facilitating the discovery of specific proteins involved in repairing damaged DNA.
Researchers discovered that damaged DNA with expanded CAG repeats relocate to the periphery of the cell nucleus for repair. This shift is crucial in preventing repeat instability and genetic disease.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have identified a molecular link between DNA damage, cellular senescence, and premature aging. The study found that interferon signaling ramps up in response to double-stranded DNA breaks, prompting cells to enter senescence.
Researchers at Arizona State University have identified a new mechanism of charge transport through DNA, differing from previously recognized patterns. The discovery has important implications for the design of functional DNA-based electronic devices and understanding health risks associated with oxidative damage to DNA.
Researchers have discovered that a specific set of molecules, known as transcription factors, trigger DNA errors and slow down cell division in embryos. This finding provides new insight into the mechanism behind the 'midblastula transition', where the embryo takes control of its genetic expression.
A study found Sall4 protein promotes DNA repair in embryonic stem cells, potentially aiding cancer cell survival. This discovery raises the possibility of targeting Sall4 for cancer treatment.
A study of 100 pancreatic cancer genomes identifies four subtypes, including 'stable', 'locally rearranged', 'scattered', and 'unstable' genomes. The analysis suggests that patients with 'unstable' genomes respond well to platinum-based drugs and PARP inhibitors, offering a promising lead for personalized treatment.
UV radiation damages skin cells' DNA, even when sun is no longer present, according to a study published in Science. Melanin offers both protection and harm to skin cells.
Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago found that damaged DNA can cause a molecule to slow down its patrol, giving it more time to recognize and initiate repair. The protein XPC, important for DNA repair, stalls at damaged sites due to twisted damage, allowing it to open and fix the damage.
A new study identifies a specific mutation in the MCM8 gene as a cause of premature ovarian failure. The mutation leads to chromosomal instability and DNA repair problems, affecting women's reproductive health. Researchers found that siblings without the mutation did not experience similar symptoms.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered an enzyme that repairs damaged DNA but can also cause destruction. The study found that endonucleases, which are attracted to DNA/RNA hybrids, cut the DNA and damage it when present.
Asthma is a widespread disease that causes genetic damage in peripheral blood, leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage. The study found four types of systemic effects, including protein damage, which can result in unstable chromosomes and increase the risk of other diseases.
A multi-function protein called Sirt6 plays a crucial role in keeping 'jumping genes' inactive. The protein becomes busier repairing DNA damage with age, allowing the genes to become active and contribute to age-related diseases like cancer. Increasing Sirt6 levels may help protect older cells from aging.
Researchers discovered that as mice age, their primary DNA repair process fails and is replaced by a less effective mechanism, leading to increased mutations in critical tissues. This finding may explain why damaged DNA contributes to aging-related illnesses like cancer.
Scientists have discovered that cellular RNA can be used to repair DNA breaks in yeast, providing a novel mechanism of genetic recombination. This process reveals the existence of a new way for cells to maintain their genome stability, which could potentially lead to new treatments for genetic diseases.
A team of researchers at Montana State University published a paper on how DNA responds to ultraviolet light, revealing its super-fast mechanism to resist damage. The findings advance our understanding of the genetic code's resistance to UV rays, which can lead to skin cancer and aging.
A new study reveals that nicotine and its metabolite cotinine can inhibit DNA damage caused by NNK, a carcinogen present in tobacco smoke. The study suggests that these compounds may protect against one form of DNA damage, but further research is needed to confirm the findings.
A new protease, Wss1, has been identified as a safeguarding factor that removes DNA-protein crosslinks, enabling cells to duplicate their genome. Cells lacking Wss1 are highly sensitive to damage and suffer from genomic instability.
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists identified a new source of DNA damage that may play a role in rare childhood neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) causes DNA damage in the developing brain.
Researchers tested 17 light units from 16 salons to assess the risk of cancer from UV nail salon lamps. The study found that higher-wattage lights emitted more UV-A radiation, but brief exposure after a manicure required multiple visits for potential DNA damage.
A DNA repair gene may hold the key to treating a genetic disorder, according to Caltech researchers. The study found that manipulating another gene, DNA2, could improve the survival of cells lacking FANCD2 and potentially lead to new treatments for Fanconi anemia.
Researchers at Michigan State University found that cells can grow normally without a crucial component needed to duplicate their DNA. This discovery suggests that cells are more flexible in managing their DNA than previously thought.
Researchers use atmospheric pressure plasma jets to induce biological tissue damage and study DNA damage. The findings suggest that adding gases like oxygen can increase radical species and potentially destroy cancerous tumour cells.
Researchers have found that third-hand smoke compounds can cause DNA damage and stick to it, potentially leading to cancer. The biggest risk is for babies and toddlers who are more vulnerable to environmental hazards. Removing affected items and taking steps like vacuuming and washing clothes can help reduce exposure.
Research shows that even low-energy radiation can cause DNA damage, including double-strand breaks, which are often irreparable. Industry characterization of 'eye-safe' lasers at wavelengths longer than 1300nm is flawed, as these wavelengths can induce damage to DNA in the eye
Researchers discovered a mechanism preventing mutation in genes involves long distance scanning of DNA by Mfd protein, detecting damage within active genes. This discovery sheds light on the complicated genome-wide patterns of mutation underlying species evolution and cell behavior changes.
Researchers have discovered the human enzyme PrimPol, which recognises and repairs DNA lesions during replication, preventing breaks in chromosomes. This ancient enzyme has been found in archaebacteria and is thought to have played a key role in genome evolution and cancer development.
Scientists have discovered a new mechanism of DNA repair that operates differently from previously thought. The research reveals how proteins BRCA1 and TopBP1 communicate, which could lead to more targeted cancer therapies. Researchers aim to explore ways to exploit these findings for improved treatments.
Research reveals that maternal mitochondrial DNA can influence an individual's aging process, accelerating it. The findings suggest that inherited genetic mutations from mothers contribute to the aging process and potentially impact brain development.
Researchers have found that a mother's genes can influence an individual's aging process. The study suggests that mild DNA damage transferred from the mother contributes to the aging process and that reducing mutations may help extend lifespan.
Researchers used large-scale computer simulations to gain a detailed understanding of the cellular recognition process of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 proteins. The study found that DNA bending facilitates the initial recognition of mismatched base pairs, leading to repair initiation.
A Scripps Research Institute team will study how cellular damage drives the aging process, with a focus on stress caused by DNA damage and potential therapeutic targets for slowing aging. The grant aims to identify ways to minimize degenerative changes associated with aging, potentially leading to improved healthspan.
Yinsheng Wang, a UC Riverside professor of chemistry, has received the prestigious Biemann Medal for his significant contributions to mass spectrometry. The award recognizes his work on DNA damage and anti-tumor drugs, highlighting the importance of mass spectrometry in understanding genetic information.