Articles tagged with Dna Damage
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Scientists discovered a protein that enables cells to bypass damaged DNA during replication, averting cell suicide. However, this protein also makes errors that may contribute to the development of cancer.
Researchers at the Uniformed Services University have discovered that Deinococcus radiodurans protects itself from high doses of ionizing radiation through protein oxidation. This finding points to new avenues for radioprotection, potentially influencing cancer treatment and radioactive waste containment.
Researchers found that radiation-resistant bacteria like Deinococcus radiodurans are protected from protein damage by a chemical mechanism involving manganese ions. This new model of radiation toxicity highlights the importance of protein protection in bacterial survival, contradicting traditional views that prioritize DNA damage.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered that the most common chemical reaction causing sunburn is triggered by a very short-lived excited state of DNA, contradicting previous beliefs. This finding has significant implications for understanding how UV damage leads to skin cancer and other diseases.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a new high-energy state in DNA that helps dissipate UV energy. The 'dark state', which can last for 10-150 picoseconds, is found in single nucleotides and dissolves energy through 10-50% of the time. This discovery may provide insights into DNA damage and repair mechanisms.
Researchers discovered a new pathway that regulates the p53 protein, a key molecule controlling cancer in humans. The study suggests potential approaches to diagnosing or intervening in cancer progression.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have discovered protein machinery essential for maintaining chromosome integrity in cells. Removing sirtuin proteins causes yeast cells to become hypersensitive to chemical agents and spontaneously break chromosomes.
Researchers discovered higher concentrations of nitric oxide in the seminal plasma of infertile patients compared to healthy men. High NO levels were correlated with greater sperm DNA damage, while low NO levels improved sperm motility.
Researchers at Hebrew University have identified a new protein that scans DNA for damage during bacterial sporulation, identifying a key mechanism in the process. This discovery may aid in understanding diseases involving DNA damage, such as cancer.
Researchers at the University of Georgia discovered that protons knocked off a DNA base pair can cause chain damage, leading to lesions and replication errors. This finding could lead to serious disorders like cancer.
Precision biochemistry techniques track DNA damage in fish, identifying low-level lesions that correlate with pollution. These biomarkers can provide a direct measure of contaminant impact and assess pollution remediation efforts.
A new discovery in archaea DNA unwinding enzymes XPB revealed unexpected genome repair functions, which may improve some forms of chemotherapy. The study found that XPB interacts with damaged DNA and enhances its unwinding activity.
Scientists discovered that mice lacking the DNA repair enzyme NEIL1 develop severe obesity and metabolic syndrome, with enlarged livers and insulin resistance. The study suggests an important role for NEIL1 in preventing metabolic disorders.
A new study found that buckyballs bind to the spirals in DNA molecules, causing deformation and potentially interfering with biological functions. The binding energy between DNA and buckyballs is comparable to the binding energies of a drug to receptors in cells.
Scientists have discovered the roles of two proteins in recognizing blockages in transcription and initiating efficient repair. Their results suggest a previously unsuspected mechanism for the repair process, shedding light on Cockayne Syndrome, a fatal form of accelerated aging.
The Mayo team identified a key protein that fails to recognize specific forms of DNA under certain conditions, leading to defective DNA repair. This discovery holds promise for designing new therapies for Huntington's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Scientists at Salk Institute created a mouse model to study p53 regulation in vivo, finding that chemical modifications are not essential for protein activation under stress or normal conditions. The research has implications for cancer treatment and the development of specific drugs targeting p53's negative regulators.
A study found that damage to sperm DNA significantly increases with age, particularly in men over 45 years old, affecting their fertility potential. Researchers highlight the importance of assessing DNA damage in older men seeking fertility treatment.
A study of 47 female motorway toll-booth operators and 27 office workers found that exposure to traffic exhausts caused significant DNA damage, as indicated by elevated levels of urinary 8-OHdG. The researchers conclude that environmental levels should be curbed to protect people's health.
A new discovery may lead to more precise cancer treatment by creating damaged DNA that is deadly to cancer cells. Researchers created synthetic double-stranded DNA with specific chemical characteristics and exposed it to long wavelength light, selectively triggering the damage process.
Biologists at UCSD have found a fundamental mechanism used by embryonic stem cells to assure that genetically damaged stem cells do not divide and pass along the damage. The discovery reveals that p53, a protein known for suppressing tumors, plays a critical role in maintaining genetic stability.
A Stowers Institute researcher has identified a complex that plays a crucial role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks, a primary cause of cancer. The dTip60 complex increases DNA accessibility for optimal repair and removes the damage-marker phospho-H2A.X/v to signal successful repair.
A team of Cardiff University researchers has secured a £15 million grant to explore DNA damage and disease. The group aims to unravel the complexities of how cells maintain their chromosomes, ultimately establishing cancer risks for individuals and designing new anti-cancer drugs.
Researchers use nuclear transfer to add women's own mitochondria to eggs, preventing inherited diseases caused by mitochondrial mutations. The technique involves adding the woman's own mitochondria to her eggs, reducing controversy and potential health risks compared to using donor mitochondria.
Scientists at UNC have discovered a basic mechanism in cell growth control involving damaged DNA, pointing to a potential target for drug development. The study found that the cellular enzyme family Cullin4 plays a crucial role in preventing replication of damaged genomic material.
A recent simulation study revealed that damaged DNA becomes more susceptible to bending due to a reorganization of its sugar-phosphate backbone. This change allows the molecule to bend easily, which is recognized by enzymes as a damaged site.
Scientists have solved the structure of a human protein called AGT, which repairs damaged DNA inside human cells. The protein can inadvertently protect cancer cells from chemotherapy agents, rendering them ineffective.
Researchers at Newcastle University are developing a new type of sunscreen that protects against sun-induced DNA damage, a major cause of skin cancer and ageing. The company, DNAcare Systems, aims to introduce a DNA rating for all sunscreens to reduce skin cancer cases.
A New York City study reveals that newborns are equally exposed to DNA damage from air pollution as their mothers, despite lower pollutant doses. The research highlights the importance of reducing air pollution levels in urban areas.
Researchers discover COX-2 enzymes can produce DNA-damaging genotoxins, increasing cancer risk. Vitamin C may also contribute to DNA damage under certain conditions.
Prostate cancer cell lines exhibit high levels of free radical damage and defective repair mechanisms, leading to a cascade of events culminating in further DNA damage and cellular dysfunction. The new research provides solid evidence for the critical role of free radicals and repair in prostate cancer development.
A new study found that exposure to low-level magnetic fields can cause significant DNA damage and increase cell apoptosis in rat brain cells. The cumulative effect of duration may be as damaging as intensity, suggesting a need for further research on the risks involved.
Researchers discovered a specialized DNA polymerase that can rescue stalled replication processes when encountering foreign material, even if it contains damage. This shows the remarkable ability of cells to reproduce and cope with genetic errors.
Researchers have developed a novel method to measure the energies involved in DNA synthesis, providing insights into DNA damage and its repair mechanisms. The study's findings can inform the development of targeted external agents to halt incorrect DNA synthesis.
Chronic inflammation has been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer, with oxidative stress playing a key role in the development of genetic mutations. Researchers found that DNA damage caused by malondialdehye can lead to frameshift mutations, which may contribute to colorectal cancer.
A new study found that repair enzymes can 'distinguish' between various positions on the DNA strand, varying in effectiveness depending on their orientation relative to the nucleosome. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of DNA repair and its role in preventing diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's.
A study by the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found a link between lower dietary folate intake and increased risk of bladder cancer, particularly in individuals with genetic instability. The researchers suggest limiting exposure to DNA-damaging agents and consuming foods rich in folates to reduce the risk.
A recent study published in the International Journal of Cancer found a link between arsenic exposure and suppressed expression of DNA repair genes. The researchers discovered that individuals with elevated arsenic levels had lower levels of certain genes involved in nucleotide excision repair, which helps protect against DNA damage.
A recent study reveals that sperm in men older than 35 show more DNA damage, which could be passed on to offspring. The researchers found that older men have lower motility and more damaged DNA, with fewer apoptotic cells, indicating a decline in the ability of sperm to eliminate damaged cells.
Researchers at Michigan State University and the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute found a way for an enzyme to repair DNA using iron and oxygen, bypassing oxidation. This discovery offers possibilities for understanding biological functions and combating diseases such as cancer and aging.
Biologists found that nematodes use a sophisticated mechanism to render transposons harmless, preventing them from making proteins and jumping through DNA.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have identified a protein called ATR that senses damaged DNA and triggers the body's natural repair system. This discovery is significant as it highlights a crucial step in maintaining genome stability and preventing mutations that can lead to cancer.
Research shows that alcohol consumption can increase cancer risk by impairing DNA repair processes, leading to genetic damage and mutations. Acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol, is identified as the primary culprit in this process.
Researchers identify Mus81, a resolvase enzyme in fission yeast, as a crucial component of genetic recombination. The discovery has potential implications for cancer therapy, as the enzyme plays a role in cell replication and DNA repair.
Researchers describe how sodium ions control electron hole migration through DNA, potentially initiating damage to genetic coding. The study suggests that water molecules, sodium ions, and DNA backbone work together to regulate electrical charge transport.
University of Iowa researchers found that long-term treatment with verapamil can prevent heart muscle damage in mice without serious side effects. They also identified a specific biomarker, cardiac troponin I, to detect early diagnosis of cardiomyopathy in patients with muscular dystrophy.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory identified a DNA repair enzyme deficiency in the Norin 1 strain of rice, making it more susceptible to UV damage. The team suggests that breeding or introducing genes from non-UV-sensitive strains could improve the enzyme's ability to bind and fix damaged sites.
Scientists have developed a new way to detect and quantify various types of radiation damage to DNA, including clusters of oxidized bases and abasic sites. The test could help assess radiation risks for astronauts, improve cancer therapy, and distinguish between normal living and low-level radiation-induced damage.
A recent study found three genes that may play a role in protecting the kidneys from diabetic damage. The genes were identified by examining the genetic structure of healthy and sick mice, and their discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies for kidney disease. By understanding how these genes work, scientists hope to develop d...
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have discovered a new connection between the FHIT gene and hereditary colorectal cancer. The study suggests that the FHIT gene plays a crucial role in preventing carcinogen-caused tumors, and its loss may contribute to the development of HNPCC-like disease.
Researchers have identified a crucial gene defect that hinders the ability of cells to repair DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. This deficiency may lead to diseases such as Cockayne's syndrome and increase the risk of cancer, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
A new chemical probe has revealed the tiny movements of DNA's chemical base pairs, which last only a fraction of a second. This discovery may improve drug design and help doctors understand diseases caused by genetic mutations, such as cancer.
Researchers have deciphered part of the cellular events underlying apoptosis, providing insights into cancer pathologies and potential cures. The cooperation between c-Abl and p73 leads to cell death, highlighting their roles in safeguarding the cell against DNA damage.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered the crystal structure of an enzyme that repairs DNA damage caused by sunlight and cigarettes, a key component in the nucleotide excision repair system. The discovery sheds light on how this system differentiates between healthy and damaged DNA and recognizes various lesions.
A research team suggests that electronic charge transfer in DNA occurs through temporary distortions in its structure, creating a 'polaron' that carries the charge. This process can help scientists understand DNA damage and repair mechanisms, leading to potential applications in diagnostic techniques and micromachines.
Researchers found that head trauma impairs brain cells' ability to detect and repair DNA damage, leading to weeks of prolonged cell death. The study suggests that the body's surveillance system breaks down after an injury, making it difficult for cells to recover.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame have developed a computer model that provides atomic details of the binding interactions between damaged DNA and the repair enzyme DNA photolyase. The model provides new insights into which parts of the enzyme are important for electron transfer, which could lead to the development of an arti...
A study by UC San Francisco researchers found that adolescent smokers incur more severe DNA damage than adult smokers, which can increase the risk of lung cancer. The study, published in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, suggests that smoking during adolescence may produce physiologic changes leading to persistent DNA damage.
A commonly used sunscreen ingredient, PBSA, can damage DNA when exposed to sunlight, according to a recent study. The research suggests that this could lead to increased risk of developing skin cancer if similar damage occurs within skin cells.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill scientists have found that the BRCA1 gene is necessary for transcription-coupled repair of certain types of DNA damage, which can lead to breast and ovarian cancer. The study provides direct evidence of the gene's role in DNA repair and may help develop new treatments for cancer.