Sunlight continues to damage skin in the dark
UV radiation damages skin cells' DNA, even when sun is no longer present, according to a study published in Science. Melanin offers both protection and harm to skin cells.
Dna Damage
Articles tagged with Dna Damage
Damaged DNA may stall patrolling molecule to initiate repair
Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago found that damaged DNA can cause a molecule to slow down its patrol, giving it more time to recognize and initiate repair. The protein XPC, important for DNA repair, stalls at damaged sites due to twisted damage, allowing it to open and fix the damage.
Mutation associated with premature ovarian failure identified
A new study identifies a specific mutation in the MCM8 gene as a cause of premature ovarian failure. The mutation leads to chromosomal instability and DNA repair problems, affecting women's reproductive health. Researchers found that siblings without the mutation did not experience similar symptoms.
An enzyme that fixes broken DNA sometimes destroys it instead, Stanford researchers find
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered an enzyme that repairs damaged DNA but can also cause destruction. The study found that endonucleases, which are attracted to DNA/RNA hybrids, cut the DNA and damage it when present.
Genetic damage caused by asthma shows up in circulating blood stream, too
Asthma is a widespread disease that causes genetic damage in peripheral blood, leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage. The study found four types of systemic effects, including protein damage, which can result in unstable chromosomes and increase the risk of other diseases.
A multi-function protein is key to stopping genomic parasites from 'jumping'
A multi-function protein called Sirt6 plays a crucial role in keeping 'jumping genes' inactive. The protein becomes busier repairing DNA damage with age, allowing the genes to become active and contribute to age-related diseases like cancer. Increasing Sirt6 levels may help protect older cells from aging.
Less effective DNA repair process takes over as mice age
Researchers discovered that as mice age, their primary DNA repair process fails and is replaced by a less effective mechanism, leading to increased mutations in critical tissues. This finding may explain why damaged DNA contributes to aging-related illnesses like cancer.
Study shows cellular RNA can template DNA repair in yeast
Scientists have discovered that cellular RNA can be used to repair DNA breaks in yeast, providing a novel mechanism of genetic recombination. This process reveals the existence of a new way for cells to maintain their genome stability, which could potentially lead to new treatments for genetic diseases.
New paper describes how DNA avoids damage from UV light
A team of researchers at Montana State University published a paper on how DNA responds to ultraviolet light, revealing its super-fast mechanism to resist damage. The findings advance our understanding of the genetic code's resistance to UV rays, which can lead to skin cancer and aging.
SourceMontana State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 31, 2014
Nicotine found to inhibit DNA-strand break caused by a certain carcinogen in smoke
A new study reveals that nicotine and its metabolite cotinine can inhibit DNA damage caused by NNK, a carcinogen present in tobacco smoke. The study suggests that these compounds may protect against one form of DNA damage, but further research is needed to confirm the findings.
Cellular defence against fatal associations between proteins and DNA
A new protease, Wss1, has been identified as a safeguarding factor that removes DNA-protein crosslinks, enabling cells to duplicate their genome. Cells lacking Wss1 are highly sensitive to damage and suffer from genomic instability.
Discovery links rare, childhood neurodegenerative diseases to common problem in DNA repair
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists identified a new source of DNA damage that may play a role in rare childhood neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) causes DNA damage in the developing brain.
Study examines UV nail salon lamps, risk of skin cancer
Researchers tested 17 light units from 16 salons to assess the risk of cancer from UV nail salon lamps. The study found that higher-wattage lights emitted more UV-A radiation, but brief exposure after a manicure required multiple visits for potential DNA damage.
DNA repair gene provides new ideas for disease treatment
A DNA repair gene may hold the key to treating a genetic disorder, according to Caltech researchers. The study found that manipulating another gene, DNA2, could improve the survival of cells lacking FANCD2 and potentially lead to new treatments for Fanconi anemia.
Cell resiliency surprises scientists
Researchers at Michigan State University found that cells can grow normally without a crucial component needed to duplicate their DNA. This discovery suggests that cells are more flexible in managing their DNA than previously thought.
Plasma tool for destroying cancer cells
Researchers use atmospheric pressure plasma jets to induce biological tissue damage and study DNA damage. The findings suggest that adding gases like oxygen can increase radical species and potentially destroy cancerous tumour cells.
Major 'third-hand smoke' compound causes DNA damage -- and potentially cancer
Researchers have found that third-hand smoke compounds can cause DNA damage and stick to it, potentially leading to cancer. The biggest risk is for babies and toddlers who are more vulnerable to environmental hazards. Removing affected items and taking steps like vacuuming and washing clothes can help reduce exposure.
DNA can be damaged by very low-energy radiation
Research shows that even low-energy radiation can cause DNA damage, including double-strand breaks, which are often irreparable. Industry characterization of 'eye-safe' lasers at wavelengths longer than 1300nm is flawed, as these wavelengths can induce damage to DNA in the eye
Scientists identify 'long distance scanner' for DNA damage
Researchers discovered a mechanism preventing mutation in genes involves long distance scanning of DNA by Mfd protein, detecting damage within active genes. This discovery sheds light on the complicated genome-wide patterns of mutation underlying species evolution and cell behavior changes.
Spanish scientists identify a new ancestral enzyme that facilitates DNA repair
Researchers have discovered the human enzyme PrimPol, which recognises and repairs DNA lesions during replication, preventing breaks in chromosomes. This ancient enzyme has been found in archaebacteria and is thought to have played a key role in genome evolution and cancer development.
SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO)·JournalNature Structural & Molecular Biology·DateNov 20, 2013
Discovery about DNA repair could lead to improved cancer treatments
Scientists have discovered a new mechanism of DNA repair that operates differently from previously thought. The research reveals how proteins BRCA1 and TopBP1 communicate, which could lead to more targeted cancer therapies. Researchers aim to explore ways to exploit these findings for improved treatments.
Your mother's genes can hasten your own aging process
Research reveals that maternal mitochondrial DNA can influence an individual's aging process, accelerating it. The findings suggest that inherited genetic mutations from mothers contribute to the aging process and potentially impact brain development.
Study finds mother's genes can impact aging process
Researchers have found that a mother's genes can influence an individual's aging process. The study suggests that mild DNA damage transferred from the mother contributes to the aging process and that reducing mutations may help extend lifespan.
How DNA repair helps prevent cancer
Researchers used large-scale computer simulations to gain a detailed understanding of the cellular recognition process of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 proteins. The study found that DNA bending facilitates the initial recognition of mismatched base pairs, leading to repair initiation.
SourceUniversity of Texas at Austin, Texas Advanced Computing Center·JournalThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B·DateAug 16, 2013
Scripps Florida team awarded $10.6 million to decipher root causes of human aging
A Scripps Research Institute team will study how cellular damage drives the aging process, with a focus on stress caused by DNA damage and potential therapeutic targets for slowing aging. The grant aims to identify ways to minimize degenerative changes associated with aging, potentially leading to improved healthspan.
Chemist receives high honor from American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Yinsheng Wang, a UC Riverside professor of chemistry, has received the prestigious Biemann Medal for his significant contributions to mass spectrometry. The award recognizes his work on DNA damage and anti-tumor drugs, highlighting the importance of mass spectrometry in understanding genetic information.
Berkeley Lab confirms thirdhand smoke causes DNA damage
A recent study by researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that thirdhand smoke causes significant genetic damage in human cells. Chronic exposure is worse than acute exposure, with higher concentrations of chemical compounds causing more DNA damage over time.
Renewed hope in a once-abandoned cancer drug class
Researchers have rediscovered PARP inhibitors as potential treatments for BRCA-driven cancers, including ovarian and breast cancers. Four drug candidates are now set to enter Phase III clinical studies.
A scanner for hereditary defects
Researchers discovered XPD protein's role in locating damaged DNA, which aids cancer treatment development. The protein works like a scanner that glides along the DNA double helix, marking damaged spots for repair.
Drug resistant leukemia stem cells may be source of genetic chaos, Temple scientists find
Researchers found that tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant leukemia stem cells accumulate DNA damage, potentially leading to disease relapse. Identifying this source of genomic instability may help develop new treatment strategies against CML and other resistant diseases.
NIST study suggests carbon nanotubes may protect DNA from oxidation
Researchers found that single-wall carbon nanotubes significantly reduced accumulated DNA damage in solutions with nanotubes present. The protective effect was attributed to the nanotubes acting as scavengers, binding up oxidative species and preventing them from interacting with DNA.
New study sheds light on cancer-protective properties of milk
A new study found that lactoferricin4-14, a milk protein, reduces colon cancer cell growth and DNA damage by prolonging the cell cycle and increasing DNA repair. This suggests that milk's cancer-preventive effects may be linked to its ability to promote DNA repair in normal cells.
Protecting genes, one molecule at a time
An international team of scientists has shown at an unprecedented level of detail how cells prioritize the repair of genes containing potentially dangerous damage. Cells use proteins to detect and replace damaged DNA, with critical steps at individual protein reads likely critical for successful repair.
New laboratory test assesses how DNA damage affects protein synthesis
Researchers at UC Riverside have developed a test called CTAB, which examines how DNA modifications lead to aberrant transcription and disruption in protein synthesis. The method could help explain how environmental chemicals cause cancer development and lead to the development of new effective drugs.
'DNA wires' could help physicians diagnose disease
Scientists have discovered that DNA can act as a wire to detect genetic damage and identify people at risk for certain diseases. The discovery could lead to the development of medical diagnostic devices and biosensors that can pick up on changes in DNA that may lead to cancer and other diseases.
DNA damage in roofers due to PAH exposure – possible cancer link
A University of Colorado study found that roofers who work with hot asphalt have higher levels of DNA damage and potentially higher cancer risk due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. The study suggests that PAH absorption through skin plays a role in this increased risk.
Preventing cellular aging and aging-related degenerative diseases
DNA damage drives aging by activating NF-κB, a transcription factor that responds to cellular stress; inhibiting NF-κB reduces oxidative stress and senescence in mice.
University of Utah chemists use nanopores to detect DNA damage
Researchers have developed a new method to detect DNA damage using nanopores, which can lead to gene mutations and diseases. The technique can pinpoint damaged sites within a DNA strand, providing valuable insights into disease mechanisms.
Scientists tie DNA repair to key cell signaling network
Researchers at University of Texas Medical Branch discover new connection between DNA-repair process and cellular signaling network linked to chronic conditions. The study found that a byproduct of DNA repair activates Ras pathways, potentially opening up new avenues for treatments.
SourceUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·DateJun 15, 2012
A closer look at PARP-1 reveals potential new drug targets
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have identified potential new targets for PARP-1 inhibitors, which could lead to more effective cancer treatments. The study revealed specialized 'zinc finger' domains on the protein that can be inhibited without affecting other cellular functions.
Protein prevents DNA damage in the developing brain and might serve as a tumor suppressor
Researchers discovered that TopBP1 is crucial for preventing DNA damage early in brain formation and may act as a tumor suppressor. The study found that cells in the developing brain require TopBP1 to prevent DNA strands from breaking during cell division.
New member of the breast-cancer gene network found by Penn-led team
A new study has identified a mutation in the Abraxas gene as a potential contributor to breast cancer susceptibility. The Abraxas protein interacts with BRCA1 and its mutation impairs DNA repair, increasing cancer risk.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateFeb 22, 2012
New understanding of DNA repair could eventually lead to cancer therapy
Scientists at the University of Alberta have shed light on the structure and function of PNKP, a key DNA repair enzyme. By understanding how this enzyme repairs damaged DNA, researchers hope to develop new therapies that target cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact.
SourceUniversity of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 10, 2012
An unexpected player in a cancer defense system
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a new player in the body's defense against cancer, VCP/p97 complex. This complex plays a crucial role in regulating the recruitment of tumor suppressor protein 53BP1 to damaged DNA.
Common bacteria cause some colon tumors by altering peroxide-producing gene
Research at Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals that Bacteroides fragilis causes colon inflammation and increases activity of a gene called spermine oxidase (SMO), leading to DNA damage and tumor formation. A compound blocking SMO enzyme activity prevented DNA damage in cells.
Cellular repair could reduce premature aging
A study led by Durham University has identified a potential drug therapy for premature ageing diseases, including Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome. The treatment, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), controlled oxidative stress and DNA damage in cells, suggesting a possible model for understanding processes that cause us to age.
At last, a reason why stress causes DNA damage
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center discovered a mechanism linking chronic stress to DNA damage. Stress leads to prolonged lowering of p53 levels, which can cause chromosomal irregularities. The study used an adrenaline-like compound in mice and found that degradation of p53 resulted in accumulation of DNA damage.
High iron, copper levels block brain-cell DNA repair
Researchers found that high iron and copper levels can block brain-cell DNA repair mechanisms, leading to accumulation of genetic damage associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The study suggests a potential therapeutic target in curcumin, a common spice with beneficial health effects.
Antioxidant formula prior to radiation exposure may prevent DNA injury
A small trial found that a proprietary antioxidant mixture taken before CT scans reduced DNA injury by up to 50%. The formula, administered orally, neutralized free radicals caused by X-rays and protected against cell damage.
Collisions of protein machines cause DNA replication derailment
Research reveals that protein collisions during DNA replication can lead to errors and increase cancer risk. The study found that even head-on collisions between the 'fast train' of DNA replisome and the 'slow train' of RNA polymerase can cause damage.
Chaperone enzyme provides new target for cancer treatments
Researchers identified a chaperone enzyme, Rad18, that plays a key role in accurate DNA repair, and a signaling protein, Cdc7, that ensures error-free repair. This discovery offers a promising new target for cancer therapies, potentially overcoming resistance to DNA-damaging treatments.
New research reveals details of microbe's extraordinary maintenance and repair system
Scientists discovered a network of repair proteins in bacteria that enables prioritized repair of heavily used DNA regions. The study found similarities between bacterial and human DNA repair systems, shedding light on how cells maintain their genetic instructions.
'Guardian of the genome': Protein helps prevent damaged DNA in yeast
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered how protein Mec1 acts as a 'guardian of the genome' in yeast cells. The study shows that Mec1 monitors and repairs machinery responsible for replicating DNA, allowing it to restart and continue replicating.
UVA radiation damages DNA in human melanocyte skin cells and can lead to melanoma
A new study by NYU School of Medicine found that UVA radiation causes mutations in human melanocyte cells, leading to melanoma. Melanocytes are more vulnerable to UVA damage due to their limited DNA repair capacity.
SourceNYU Langone Health / NYU Grossman School of Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 1, 2010
Chromosome 'glue' surprises scientists
Researchers found that a small amount of cohesin is needed for cell division and DNA repair, while higher concentrations are necessary for other processes like chromosome condensation. This discovery helps explain the causes of Cornelia de Lange and Roberts Syndrome.
Ku70 shown to be critical regulator of DNA damage in Huntington's disease
Researchers have discovered Ku70 to be a vital component in the DNA repair process for neurons, crucial in preventing polyQ diseases like Huntington's. Boosting Ku70 levels rescues mutant huntingtin-induced neurodegeneration in mouse models of HD.
Rapid analysis of DNA damage now possible
MIT researchers have developed a new tool for rapid DNA damage analysis, combining the comet assay's versatility with high-capacity platforms. The technology enables automated readout and can be used to test potential cancer drugs and detect environmental toxin effects.
SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 3, 2010
Key protein aids in DNA repair
Researchers at the University of North Carolina have discovered that the Ku protein plays a crucial role in repairing damaged DNA strands. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding the development of cancer and other age-related diseases.
Cells can read damaged DNA without missing a beat
Researchers found that cells' DNA-reading machinery can bypass certain types of damaged DNA, leading to mutagenesis and potential antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This discovery has important implications for understanding how bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics.
Researchers find new way to study how enzymes repair DNA damage
Researchers have found a new way to study how enzymes repair DNA damage caused by UV light, which could lead to new therapies for sunburned skin. By using ultra-fast laser pulses, they were able to observe the motion of photolyases at the atomic scale, revealing unprecedented detail about the repair process.