Articles tagged with Dna Damage
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A recent study by researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that thirdhand smoke causes significant genetic damage in human cells. Chronic exposure is worse than acute exposure, with higher concentrations of chemical compounds causing more DNA damage over time.
Researchers have rediscovered PARP inhibitors as potential treatments for BRCA-driven cancers, including ovarian and breast cancers. Four drug candidates are now set to enter Phase III clinical studies.
Researchers discovered XPD protein's role in locating damaged DNA, which aids cancer treatment development. The protein works like a scanner that glides along the DNA double helix, marking damaged spots for repair.
Researchers found that tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant leukemia stem cells accumulate DNA damage, potentially leading to disease relapse. Identifying this source of genomic instability may help develop new treatment strategies against CML and other resistant diseases.
Researchers found that single-wall carbon nanotubes significantly reduced accumulated DNA damage in solutions with nanotubes present. The protective effect was attributed to the nanotubes acting as scavengers, binding up oxidative species and preventing them from interacting with DNA.
A new study found that lactoferricin4-14, a milk protein, reduces colon cancer cell growth and DNA damage by prolonging the cell cycle and increasing DNA repair. This suggests that milk's cancer-preventive effects may be linked to its ability to promote DNA repair in normal cells.
An international team of scientists has shown at an unprecedented level of detail how cells prioritize the repair of genes containing potentially dangerous damage. Cells use proteins to detect and replace damaged DNA, with critical steps at individual protein reads likely critical for successful repair.
Researchers at UC Riverside have developed a test called CTAB, which examines how DNA modifications lead to aberrant transcription and disruption in protein synthesis. The method could help explain how environmental chemicals cause cancer development and lead to the development of new effective drugs.
Scientists have discovered that DNA can act as a wire to detect genetic damage and identify people at risk for certain diseases. The discovery could lead to the development of medical diagnostic devices and biosensors that can pick up on changes in DNA that may lead to cancer and other diseases.
A University of Colorado study found that roofers who work with hot asphalt have higher levels of DNA damage and potentially higher cancer risk due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. The study suggests that PAH absorption through skin plays a role in this increased risk.
DNA damage drives aging by activating NF-κB, a transcription factor that responds to cellular stress; inhibiting NF-κB reduces oxidative stress and senescence in mice.
Researchers have developed a new method to detect DNA damage using nanopores, which can lead to gene mutations and diseases. The technique can pinpoint damaged sites within a DNA strand, providing valuable insights into disease mechanisms.
Researchers at University of Texas Medical Branch discover new connection between DNA-repair process and cellular signaling network linked to chronic conditions. The study found that a byproduct of DNA repair activates Ras pathways, potentially opening up new avenues for treatments.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have identified potential new targets for PARP-1 inhibitors, which could lead to more effective cancer treatments. The study revealed specialized 'zinc finger' domains on the protein that can be inhibited without affecting other cellular functions.
Researchers discovered that TopBP1 is crucial for preventing DNA damage early in brain formation and may act as a tumor suppressor. The study found that cells in the developing brain require TopBP1 to prevent DNA strands from breaking during cell division.
A new study has identified a mutation in the Abraxas gene as a potential contributor to breast cancer susceptibility. The Abraxas protein interacts with BRCA1 and its mutation impairs DNA repair, increasing cancer risk.
Scientists at the University of Alberta have shed light on the structure and function of PNKP, a key DNA repair enzyme. By understanding how this enzyme repairs damaged DNA, researchers hope to develop new therapies that target cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a new player in the body's defense against cancer, VCP/p97 complex. This complex plays a crucial role in regulating the recruitment of tumor suppressor protein 53BP1 to damaged DNA.
Research at Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals that Bacteroides fragilis causes colon inflammation and increases activity of a gene called spermine oxidase (SMO), leading to DNA damage and tumor formation. A compound blocking SMO enzyme activity prevented DNA damage in cells.
A study led by Durham University has identified a potential drug therapy for premature ageing diseases, including Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome. The treatment, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), controlled oxidative stress and DNA damage in cells, suggesting a possible model for understanding processes that cause us to age.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center discovered a mechanism linking chronic stress to DNA damage. Stress leads to prolonged lowering of p53 levels, which can cause chromosomal irregularities. The study used an adrenaline-like compound in mice and found that degradation of p53 resulted in accumulation of DNA damage.
Researchers found that high iron and copper levels can block brain-cell DNA repair mechanisms, leading to accumulation of genetic damage associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The study suggests a potential therapeutic target in curcumin, a common spice with beneficial health effects.
A small trial found that a proprietary antioxidant mixture taken before CT scans reduced DNA injury by up to 50%. The formula, administered orally, neutralized free radicals caused by X-rays and protected against cell damage.
Research reveals that protein collisions during DNA replication can lead to errors and increase cancer risk. The study found that even head-on collisions between the 'fast train' of DNA replisome and the 'slow train' of RNA polymerase can cause damage.
Researchers identified a chaperone enzyme, Rad18, that plays a key role in accurate DNA repair, and a signaling protein, Cdc7, that ensures error-free repair. This discovery offers a promising new target for cancer therapies, potentially overcoming resistance to DNA-damaging treatments.
Scientists discovered a network of repair proteins in bacteria that enables prioritized repair of heavily used DNA regions. The study found similarities between bacterial and human DNA repair systems, shedding light on how cells maintain their genetic instructions.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered how protein Mec1 acts as a 'guardian of the genome' in yeast cells. The study shows that Mec1 monitors and repairs machinery responsible for replicating DNA, allowing it to restart and continue replicating.
A new study by NYU School of Medicine found that UVA radiation causes mutations in human melanocyte cells, leading to melanoma. Melanocytes are more vulnerable to UVA damage due to their limited DNA repair capacity.
Researchers found that a small amount of cohesin is needed for cell division and DNA repair, while higher concentrations are necessary for other processes like chromosome condensation. This discovery helps explain the causes of Cornelia de Lange and Roberts Syndrome.
Researchers have discovered Ku70 to be a vital component in the DNA repair process for neurons, crucial in preventing polyQ diseases like Huntington's. Boosting Ku70 levels rescues mutant huntingtin-induced neurodegeneration in mouse models of HD.
MIT researchers have developed a new tool for rapid DNA damage analysis, combining the comet assay's versatility with high-capacity platforms. The technology enables automated readout and can be used to test potential cancer drugs and detect environmental toxin effects.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina have discovered that the Ku protein plays a crucial role in repairing damaged DNA strands. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding the development of cancer and other age-related diseases.
Researchers found that cells' DNA-reading machinery can bypass certain types of damaged DNA, leading to mutagenesis and potential antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This discovery has important implications for understanding how bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics.
Researchers have found a new way to study how enzymes repair DNA damage caused by UV light, which could lead to new therapies for sunburned skin. By using ultra-fast laser pulses, they were able to observe the motion of photolyases at the atomic scale, revealing unprecedented detail about the repair process.
Biomethylation of arsenic compounds causes oxidative DNA damage, enhancing their toxicity and potentially carcinogenicity. Methylation-competent cells exhibited rapid cancer cell acquisition after peak oxidative DNA damage.
Research by Nick Fulcher and Robert Sablowski found that plant stem cells are sensitive to DNA damage and can detect defects, triggering cell death to prevent them from being passed on. This mechanism helps protect plants against genetic damage caused by environmental stresses such as drought, high salinity, and hazardous chemicals.
Scientists have discovered that the protein PARP-1 plays a crucial role in activating the transcription factor NF-kappaB, which triggers a survival program that blocks programmed cell death. This activation is thought to be one of the potential causes for tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Studies found significant DNA damage in humans with minor zinc deficiency, highlighting the health implications of inadequate intake. Experts recommend multivitamins for elderly individuals to ensure adequate levels, as zinc is essential for antioxidant defense and DNA repair.
A research project led by Jan Vijg aims to unravel the mechanisms behind DNA damage and its role in aging, with potential treatments based on antioxidants and other interventions. The study involves four main areas of investigation and has the potential to lead to new strategies for delaying or curing age-related diseases.
Researchers describe an exquisitely efficient process for DNA repair, revealing the key attributes of the 'sloppier copier' enzyme and its crucial role in conserving energy. The study also solves two other mysteries about the mechanics of DNA repair.
Researchers genetically engineered mice to lack two genes responsible for repairing DNA damage caused by oxidation, leading to various types of tumors. The study emphasizes the role of DNA repair in preventing carcinogenesis.
An Australian study found that daily sex for seven days reduces sperm DNA damage and improves fertility in men with high DNA fragmentation. Men who ejaculated daily showed a significant decrease in DNA damage and an increase in good-quality sperm.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have discovered how proteins recognize and repair damaged DNA. The proteins bend the DNA double helix to amplify damage recognition, enabling the next protein to cut out the damaged section. This process can be used to develop new cancer treatments and disease prevention strategies.
A recent study by Prof. Zvi Livneh reveals the two-step mechanism of stopgap DNA repair, a major source of mutations in cells. Understanding this process can lead to enhanced treatment options for individuals with deficient natural DNA repair, as well as improved chemotherapy effectiveness against cancer.
Researchers at Burnham Institute have discovered that the protein kinase complex Cdc7/Dbf4 plays a crucial role in monitoring DNA damage control during replication and reinitiating replication after repair. This new understanding could lead to the development of new cancer therapies.
Airline pilots with long-term flying experience may be exposed to cumulative DNA damage from cosmic ionising radiation. Chromosome translocation frequency was higher among pilots than faculty staff, especially those who had flown the most.
Scientists have discovered that DNA damage can lead to a decrease in gene regulation, contributing to aging. A specific sirtuin protein helps regulate gene expression and maintain DNA repair, but its dysfunction can result in chronic gene activation and aging phenotypes.
Researchers have discovered that cells can turn on tumor-promoting growth circuits as a result of misreading damaged DNA without copying it. The results suggest that DNA damage, if it hits certain critical genes in a cell, could lead to transcriptional mutagenesis that spurs the cell to divide.
A study by Dr. Con Mallidis from Queen's University, Belfast, UK, found that diabetes causes DNA damage in sperm and decreases their ability to repair DNA, leading to decreased fertility. The researchers identified AGEs as a key factor in this damage.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's CEET have discovered that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can lead to mutations in critical genes in lung cancer through oxidative stress. PAHs transform into oxygen free radicals, which bind to DNA and cause damage if not repaired.
Researchers have discovered how HDAC inhibitors specifically damage cancer cells, leading to cell death. The compounds may also cause DNA damage that cannot be repaired, resulting in tumor cell death. However, these inhibitors can also have adverse effects, such as liver damage and metabolic abnormalities.
Researchers have revealed the electronic structure of single DNA molecules, shedding light on their electronic properties and potential use in nanotechnology. The discovery has significant implications for understanding DNA damage and repair mechanisms, as well as the development of new DNA decoding technologies.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have found that the UDG enzyme searches for genetic damage by trying on DNA building blocks like a puzzle, holding onto mistakes and leaving correct ones in line. The discovery may help address how diseases like cancer arise in the genome.
A Clemson team of chemists has found a new mechanism for antioxidant activity, where antioxidants bind to naturally present iron and copper in the body to prevent DNA damage. This discovery may help treat or prevent illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's.
A connection between DNA damage control and chromatin remodeling has been discovered, opening new avenues for cancer treatment. The study reveals that phosphorylation of a chromatin remodeling complex regulates checkpoint pathways but not DNA repair pathways.
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have found a new way chromosomes are repaired after damage, contrary to the long-held view that cohesion only occurs during cell division. The discovery shows cohesin reactsivate when DNA breaks, allowing cells to fix damaged sister chromatids.
Researchers found that a specific enzyme, ATM, plays a crucial role in shutting down transcription near sites of DNA damage, ensuring repair in an undisturbed environment. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of genetic aberrations and cancer development in individuals with ATM deficiency.
Researchers identified Rap80 as a new candidate breast-cancer susceptibility gene required for normal BRCA1 DNA-repair function. This discovery provides insights into the molecular mechanism of BRCA1 recognizing sites of DNA damage, shedding light on cancer-causing mutations in BRCA1.
The Brca2 gene plays a dual role in the developing nervous system, eliminating errors in the DNA of newly made copies of chromosomes and suppressing the onset of medulloblastoma. By repairing broken DNA, the Brca2 gene ensures normal size and function of rapidly dividing cells, preventing brain cancer.
Research shows that diabetic men's sperm have greater levels of DNA damage, which may affect fertility. Sperm from diabetic men had higher fragmentation rates and more deletions of DNA in mitochondria compared to non-diabetic men.