Gene Expression
Articles tagged with Gene Expression
Why emus can’t fly: A ‘time switch’ in bird embryos holds the answer
Study may help predict response to chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer
Two proteins, one goal: New findings on stem cell differentiation
Earliest signs of neurodegeneration in Down syndrome detected shortly after birth
Scientists uncover hidden sex differences in the human immune system
Chinese Medical Journal article explores the mechanism of GADD45B in intestinalischemia/reperfusion
Research finds GADD45B induces MST1 expression by promoting DNA demethylation, exacerbating apoptosis and intestinal injury in I/R. GADD45B/TET1/MST1 axis may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for I/R injury.
MIT study: Gene circuits reshape DNA folding and affect how genes are expressed
Researchers at MIT discovered that gene circuits can reshape DNA folding and affect gene expression in human cells. The study found that rearranging genes along a DNA strand, or 'gene syntax,' can amplify or suppress the expression of neighboring genes.
Stage-specific gene expression changes reveal early triggers of cellular aging
Researchers identified stage-specific gene expression changes that occur during cellular senescence, revealing an early immune-activating response and a shift in cellular priorities. This study offers new insight into the molecular mechanisms of aging and highlights potential therapeutic strategies for delaying age-related decline.
Imaging tool reveals novel insights into DNA replication stress response
Researchers developed RF-SIRF, a quantitative method to detect and map reversed DNA replication forks with single-cell resolution. The study identified unique epigenetic codes for DNA replication stress that can be further examined to understand genomic stability, aging, and treatment response.
Mutations in the "translators" of the human cell alter the reading of the genetic code in cancer and ageing
Scientists discover that tRNA gene mutations can alter the reading of the genetic code, leading to increased protein synthesis errors. This phenomenon is linked to aging and cellular decline, with potential implications for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
Mapping the hidden triggers of jaw joint arthritis at the cellular level
A study mapped early molecular and cellular changes in the jaw joint that may trigger temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. The research found structural and molecular changes in joint tissues, including inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic shifts. Single-cell sequencing revealed diverse cell populations interacting within the synov...
Study finds each protein in the epigenome produces a different pattern of gene expression
A new study found that every type of epigenome protein produces a distinct pattern of gene expression, surpassing the on/off switch functionality. This discovery has significant implications for cellular engineering, enabling more dynamic control over cellular behavior and potential applications in biomanufacturing and bioproduction.
AI spots hidden behavior patterns in self-organizing bacteria
A custom-built AI system helped uncover how bacterial communities organize themselves, showing that early moments of a biological transition carry more information than previously considered. The findings bring new insight into the relationship between genotype and phenotype in Myxococcus xanthus.
Terahertz radiation-induced remodeling of purine metabolism and membrane raft signaling in human melanoma cells
Exposure to terahertz radiation induces significant changes in purine metabolism, pantothenate/CoA biosynthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Gene network analysis reveals associations with membrane raft reorganization and receptor-mediated signaling involving epidermal growth factor receptor and G-protein subunits.
Evolution in fast-forward: How thale cress adapts – or goes extinct
Researchers tracked genetic changes in Arabidopsis thaliana across 30 sites over five years, finding most populations adapted to local environmental conditions. However, some populations went extinct due to genetic drift, highlighting the importance of preserving biodiversity.
Optimus protein
Researchers at Kyoto University identified DHX29 as a central regulator of codon-dependent gene expression. They found that DHX29 preferentially interacts with ribosomes decoding non-optimal codons and recruits a protein complex to selectively repress mRNAs enriched in these codons.
Toward autonomous self-organizing biological robots with a nervous system
In a breakthrough study, researchers successfully integrated neuronal precursor cells into biobots, resulting in the formation of functional nervous systems. This development has significant implications for neuroscience, bioengineering, and regenerative medicine, enabling the investigation of fundamental questions about the origin of ...
New study clarifies how temperature shapes sex development in leopard gecko
Researchers investigated temperature-dependent sex determination in leopard geckos, finding that temperature influences sex development during a specific window of embryonic development. Early genetic changes, including the activation of male and female developmental pathways, occur before physical differences become apparent.
Mapping 3D-super-enhancers with machine learning to pinpoint regulators of cell identity
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital developed BOUQUET to analyze 3D-enhancer architecture in machine learning-based graph theory framework, identifying protein condensates and predicting gene expression. The findings provide new insight into how cells regulate genes controlling specialized identities.
How do GLP-1 agonists affect gene expression?
Salk Institute researchers identified Med14, a protein connected to GLP-1 drug effects on pancreatic beta cells, leading to improved viability, insulin production, and stress resistance. The study suggests a potential molecular link between GLP-1 drugs and broader benefits, including type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes.
A new method reveals hidden rules of gene control
Researchers created a cell-free system to study transcription drivers and revealed fundamental features of the transcription cycle in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The method enabled precise design of therapeutics targeting key processes, which could help combat this pathogen.
Reducing disease through gene manipulation
Dr. Gregory Reeves' team has developed a method to measure the amount of Dorsal protein in the nucleus, revealing its interaction with DNA and providing a predictive model for therapeutic purposes. The study aims to control cellular processes and prevent diseases like cancer.
Platform to map living brain noninvasively takes next big step
A gene therapy platform successfully mapped the living brain noninvasively, using engineered proteins to track gene expression in different brain regions. This technology has the potential to reveal critical information about cellular activity and neurological disease progression.
Worming out molecular secrets behind collective behavior
A team of scientists at the Indian Institute of Science discovered that disrupting a single gene alters serotonin signaling, leading to swarming behavior in worms. The study suggests that neuromodulatory control of social behavior might be evolutionarily conserved across species.
Keeping neurons on the right path
Researchers identify nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) as a central mediator of neuronal migration and cortical lamination. The study reveals that UPF2, a core component of NMD machinery, is essential for proper neuron migration and brain development.
Understanding biology in space: platforms, tools, and databases for spatial transcriptomics
The development of spatial transcriptomics has advanced gene expression understanding, but selecting suitable analytical approaches is challenging. A database curated SpatialToolDB addresses this by classifying over 600 ST analytical tools and providing access to processed datasets.
Scientists deliver new molecule for getting DNA into cells
Researchers at Tokyo Metropolitan University have created a neutral molecule that can carry DNA into biological cells using a process called annealing. This breakthrough promises more effective therapies by reducing inflammation and improving delivery efficiency.
Single-cell profiling identifies reward behavior-related neurons and alterations in the ventral tegmental area based on Arvcf-knockout mouse model
The study identified glutamate-dopamine co-transmitting neurons as critical for regulating reward behavior, with disruptions in VTA communication leading to impaired nicotine response. This research provides a new perspective on the neural underpinnings of addiction and psychiatric disorders.
Researchers rebuild microscopic circadian clock that can control genes
University of California San Diego scientists have solved how the circadian clocks within microscopic bacteria precisely control gene expression during the 24-hour cycle. The researchers identified six proteins needed to rebuild this clock, generating a simplified cyanobacterial system with a clock that only needs.
Kumamoto University Professor Kazuya Yamagata receives 2025 Erwin von Bälz Prize (Second Prize)
Professor Kazuya Yamagata received the 2025 Erwin von Bâlz Prize Second Prize for his groundbreaking research on pancreatic Ò-cell transcription factors and their role in monogenic diabetes. His work significantly deepens our understanding of β-cell function and diabetes pathophysiology.
Scientists crack the rules of gene regulation with experimental elegance and AI
Researchers at the Netherlands Cancer Institute developed a deep learning model PARM that predicts gene regulation with unprecedented accuracy. The model enables the prediction of functional impact of regulatory mutations in specific cell types, opening new paths for cancer diagnostics and patient stratification.
Researchers identify novel RNA linked to cancer patient survival
A recent study published in PNAS reveals a novel non-coding RNA molecule, CUL1-IPA, that regulates key cellular functions and supports the structural integrity of the nucleolus. The discovery suggests this molecule may influence patient survival in certain blood cancers.
Researchers highlight role of alternative RNA splicing in schizophrenia
Researchers discovered a crucial role of alternative RNA splicing in schizophrenia by identifying genetic variants affecting splicing and protein isoforms. The study highlights the significance of unannotated isoforms in disease pathogenesis and suggests potential avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies.
DFG funds brain development research at MPZPM with half a million euros
The German Research Foundation (DFG) has funded a three-year project to investigate epigenetic memory in nerve cells. The goal is to understand how gene expressions are preserved via epigenetic regulation, which plays a key role in learning ability, memory function, and healthy brain development.
Potential tumor-suppressing gene identified in pancreatic cancer
The study reveals that low levels of CTDNEP1 drive early and deadly pancreatic tumors, highlighting its role as a tumor suppressor. Tumors with low CTDNEP1 expression showed stronger metabolic activity and immune evasion.
UMass Chan scientists annotate largest map yet of human genome’s regulatory switches
Researchers have created a comprehensive map of the DNA sequences that control gene expression in human cells, identifying 2.37 million potential regulatory elements. This registry reveals previously unrecognized classes of elements and illuminates how noncoding genetic variation contributes to cell type-specific traits.
Genetic risk factor and viral infection jointly contribute to MS
Research reveals molecular interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors triggers MS. EBV and gene variants HLA-DR15 haplotype play key roles in disease onset.
Changes in genetic structure of yeast lead to disease-causing genomic instabilities
Researchers from The University of Osaka discovered that loss of heterochromatin can trigger genetic changes leading to chromosomal rearrangements and diseases like cancer. Accumulation of R-loops at pericentromeric repeats was found to be a key mechanism in this process.
How Mtb safeguards itself from foreign DNA
Researchers discovered how the Lsr2 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) protects against foreign DNA inserted into its genome. This mechanism involves the protein forming condensates that silence specific regions of Mtb DNA, preventing harm to the bacteria.
4D Nucleome Consortium produces detailed models of the 3D genome over time in cells
The study created a critical framework for understanding the architecture of the genome and its association with gene function in cells. The 4DN Consortium integrated data from over a dozen techniques to compile an extensive catalogue of looping interactions between genes and regulatory elements.
High levels of protein drive tumor immune suppression in head and neck cancer
Researchers discovered that high levels of protein BATF2 drive tumor immune suppression in head and neck cancer. Glutamine in the tumor microenvironment silences BATF2, affecting the STING signaling pathway and overall immune response.
RNA splicing and processing emerge as central features of human aging across tissues
Researchers identified common aging-related alterations in genes involved in RNA splicing and processing across eight human tissues. These findings suggest a shared biological response to aging, pointing to the importance of RNA processing in accurate protein production.
Mathematicians tame cellular “noise” to control life at the single-cell level
Researchers create a novel mathematical framework to control biological noise, enabling precise single-cell control. The 'Noise Robust Perfect Adaptation' technology suppresses stochastic fluctuations while maintaining stable average behavior, with promising applications in cancer therapy and synthetic biology.
PRTS: predicting single-cell spatial transcriptomics from histological images
A deep learning framework called PRTS accurately predicts single-cell-resolution spatial transcriptomics from H&E-stained histology images. The model identifies 21 cell subtypes in mouse brain and maintains prediction accuracy in human breast and lung cancer tissues.
The way our cells respond to oestrogen, the main female sex hormone, depends on how DNA is ‘supercoiled’
New research reveals that DNA's physical property of supercoiling is crucial for cells to respond to oestrogens. The study found that enzymes called topoisomerases regulate DNA coiling and activate target genes.
Opposing forces in cells could hold clues to treating disease
Researchers found that two proteins in the CCR4-NOT complex have opposing roles in controlling genetic messages, with one destabilizing and the other steadying mRNA. This balance is critical to gene regulation and understanding cellular differentiation, adaptation to environmental stimuli, and disease mechanisms.
Scientists identify small RNA molecule that regulates cholesterol and heart disease
Researchers have discovered a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in controlling cholesterol production and the development of heart disease. The molecule, tsRNA-Glu-CTC, was found to boost SREBP2 activity, leading to higher cholesterol levels and increased risk of atherosclerosis.
Chinese scientists reveal how isoflavone 6-hydroxylase mediates soybean resistance to Phytophthora sojae
Researchers discovered the biosynthetic pathway of glycitein, a key soybean isoflavonoid, and its role in plant immunity. They found that GmIF6H1 enzyme catalyzes the production of glycitein, which acts synergistically with glyceollins to defend soybeans against infection by Phytophthora sojae.
Polar bears may be adapting to survive warmer climates, says study
A new study found that rising temperatures are driving changes in polar bear DNA, which may help them adapt to increasingly challenging environments. The researchers discovered that genes related to heat-stress, aging, and metabolism are behaving differently in polar bears living in southeastern Greenland.
New technique maps genetic variants driving neurodegenerative disease risk
A new method developed by Penn State researchers improves the analysis of genetic data, identifying more genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and ALS. The technique, BASIC, integrates both bulk tissue samples and single-cell data to uncover shared genetic effects across different cell types.
New study shows how DNA is recognized by proteins that control gene expression
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding the binding between KLF1 protein and DNA in human cells, which controls gene expression and has significant implications for diseases such as cancer. The study uses new experimental methods to measure binding to many DNA sequences simultaneously in both test tubes and human cells.
DNA shape and rigidity regulate key players of gene expression
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center discovered that inflexible DNA within nucleosomes regulates the positioning of INO80, a chromatin remodeling complex. This unique mechanism allows INO80 to position itself on the surface of nucleosomes at the right location.
New clues to why some animals live longer
A study by University of California, Riverside scientists found that alternative RNA processing, or
UC San Diego researchers develop new tool to predict how bacteria influence health
The coralME tool creates detailed genome-scale models of metabolism, gene and protein expression from large amounts of data. The models uncover how microbes respond to certain nutrients and predict what nutrients favor the formation of undesired products.
Microplastics hit male arteries hard
A mouse study by University of California, Riverside scientists suggests microplastic exposure may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in males. The study found microplastics dramatically worsened plaque buildup in male mice, but not females.
This molecular switch helps cancer cells survive harsh conditions
Rockefeller researchers found a molecular switch in breast cancer cells that reprograms gene expression towards tumor growth and stress resistance. This switch is mediated by the MED1 subunit of RNA polymerase II and can be activated under stressful conditions, leading to faster-growing and more stress-resistant tumors.
Research team uncovers overlooked layer of DNA that may shape disease risk
A study by The Hospital for Sick Children reveals a previously overlooked layer of genetic variation in short tandem repeats (STRs) that can influence gene regulation and shape disease risk. This discovery may inform future research and precision therapeutic development in support of Precision Child Health.
Research team uncovers overlooked layer of DNA that may shape disease risk
A study led by SickKids scientists discovered a previously overlooked layer of genetic variation that could help explain individual differences in disease risk and treatment response. The researchers found that subtle changes in short tandem repeats can impact gene function, revealing new insights into neurodevelopmental conditions.
Unlocking key insights into gene expression using a novel mouse model
Researchers developed a novel mouse model to visualize RNA Polymerase II during elongation, shedding light on gene expression dynamics. The study revealed dynamic patterns of gene transcription activity in various tissues and developmental states, with implications for understanding development, differentiation, and disease mechanisms.