Articles tagged with Gene Expression
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study reveals that Alzheimer's risk genes influence tau buildup and spread in distinct pathways, challenging traditional views of the disease. Four gene types were identified: Network-Aligned Vulnerability and Resilience, and Network-Independent Vulnerability and Resilience.
Researchers at the Wyss Institute have identified vorinostat as a promising treatment for Rett Syndrome using an AI-driven drug discovery process and innovative disease modeling. The findings demonstrate disease-modifying abilities across multiple tissues, offering hope for a potentially curative treatment.
Professor Eran Meshorer's groundbreaking research in epigenetics and stem cell biology has uncovered critical insights into chromatin structure and gene expression. His work has broad implications for regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and understanding neurological disorders.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified a novel combination therapy approach to treat pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) fueled by NUP98 fusions. Targeting the complex alone or in combination with another anticancer drug significantly increased survival in AML model systems.
Researchers found that co-exposure to bisphenol A and retinoic acid disrupts neurodevelopmental gene signaling, leading to brain abnormalities. The study suggests a potential link between chemical exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Researchers developed a new computational tool using generative AI to identify key gene combinations underlying complex illnesses. The method amplifies limited gene expression data, enabling researchers to resolve patterns of gene activity that cause complex traits.
Research suggests that interacting with dogs can modify a child's risk of developing atopic eczema, potentially due to the impact on immune cells. The findings provide new insights into the complex relationship between genetics and environment in the development of eczema.
Researchers have identified two genes, RNF144B and ENPP1, that cause calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease in Americans of European and African descent. This discovery opens up promising new avenues for targeted prevention and treatment of CPPD disease, which is currently lacking effective options.
A new study reveals that DNA methylation mediates the transgenerational inheritance of acquired cold tolerance in rice, supporting Lamarck's theory. Researchers developed a novel breeding strategy to develop stress-resilient crops, offering a promising avenue to tackle agricultural challenges posed by global climate change.
A new study reveals that the weight of fathers during adolescence can harm genes in future children, linked to asthma, obesity, and low lung function. The effect is more pronounced in female children, highlighting a potential vulnerability window for lifestyle influences.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania developed novel promoters that drive specific gene expression in rod and cone photoreceptors, outperforming most currently used promoters. These tools address the challenge of treating advanced stages of inherited retinal diseases, potentially restoring vision.
Researchers from Kyushu University find the X-linked mutation behind orange fur in house cats, revealing a new mechanism for promoting orange coloring. The 'ARHGAP36' gene is found to be active in melanocytes of orange patches, reducing activity in genes involved in melanogenesis.
Scientists at Boston Children's Hospital discovered that native nucleosomes contain a physical code governing their role in genome architecture. This insight could lead to new understanding of the maintenance of cellular function and the development of diseases like autoimmunity and cancer.
A study by Baylor College of Medicine researchers identifies 123 genes associated with increased AD risk in humans, including MTCH2, which shows promise as a potential therapeutic target. The team also found that reversing the alterations in these genes has a neuroprotective effect in living organisms.
Researchers discovered that cruciferous plants like cabbage and wasabi repurpose stomatal genes for defense, producing pungent compounds that deter herbivores. FAMA regulates both gas exchange and myrosin cell production, a key trigger for this defense mechanism.
Researchers developed tomoseqr, a user-friendly software to estimate 3D spatial gene expression distribution. The software successfully reproduced known gene expression patterns and mapped the 3D spatial distribution of genes in zebrafish and planarians.
Researchers found that selfish genes use self-assembly properties to harm cells, with aggregate size and distribution being key factors in toxicity. The study also reveals an evolutionary arms race between sabotage and salvation, where rapid evolution of 'selfish' genes can lead to their own destruction.
Researchers have developed a computational tool, Spotiphy, that uses generative AI to enhance the resolution of sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics without sacrificing gene coverage. This breakthrough enables single-cell resolution in tissue imaging while maintaining full transcriptome coverage.
Researchers found that pancreatic cancer cells gain a survival edge by carrying copies of critical cancer genes on circular pieces of DNA outside chromosomes. The discovery highlights the importance of targeting extrachromosomal DNA in treating the disease.
Researchers discovered that sulfur bacteria from the Desulfobacteraceae family work together like a team to break down diverse organic compounds. By analyzing six strains, they found similar molecular strategies and a highly energy-efficient central metabolism pathway, enabling them to thrive in oxygen-free environments.
A new study reveals that radiotherapy has opposite effects on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and low-grade gliomas (LGG), with GBM patients living longer after treatment. The study highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches based on genetic and molecular characteristics to improve survival outcomes.
Researchers analyzed gene expression profiles in rats undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, finding reduced inflammation and increased immune suppression with spontaneous breathing. The study suggests weaning off ventilator support during VV-ECMO may be beneficial for clinical practice.
Researchers discovered 47,350 active putative enhancers associated with Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and other neurological disorders. These enhancers were found to regulate gene expression during neuronal differentiation.
A new biodegradable polymer-based delivery system efficiently transports mRNA, outperforming existing lipid nanoparticles in delivery efficiency and expression duration. The study also shows improved immune response results without liver accumulation or toxicity.
Researchers discovered that independent evolution of chromosome copies in oribatid mites enables genetic diversity through mechanisms like the Meselson effect and horizontal gene transfer. This approach allows for rapid adaptation to environmental changes and supports long-term survival.
The study found that Jinfeng pill treatment improved ovarian size, follicle development, and hormone levels in POR rat model. The combination therapy produced the most significant improvements, including increased VEGF expression and balanced hormones.
A new study reveals how enzyme RapA prevents R-loop formation in E. coli, a key mechanism for maintaining genomic stability. The findings suggest that RapA works as a complementary safeguard to Rho, another enzyme that pulls apart harmful R-loops.
Researchers at UCSF have discovered a new type of stem cell in the young brain that can form cells found in tumors, shedding light on how adult brain cells grow and develop into deadly brain cancers. The study provides a comprehensive roadmap for understanding healthy brain development, which could lead to better treatments for conditi...
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital developed a machine-learning algorithm capable of scaling with single-cell data repositories to deliver more accurate results. The new method, called CSI-GEP, uses unsupervised machine learning to remove bias from analyses, producing better results than existing methods.
Researchers found that defects in the planar cell polarity pathway play a significant role in the pathogenesis of yellow nail syndrome (YNS). The study identified the CELSR1 gene as a principal candidate disease-causing gene with autosomal recessive inheritance.
A study from Tulane University found that a low-protein diet in one generation can lead to lower birthweights and smaller kidneys in offspring across multiple generations. The findings suggest that food scarcity or malnutrition may result in decades of adverse health outcomes.
Gene expression in cells occurs in short, unpredictable bursts due to transcriptional bursting. Researchers found that the folding and movement of DNA, as well as protein accumulation, changes depending on gene activity, with enhancers playing a crucial role in amplifying gene activity.
A new study found that gene therapy delandistrogene moxeparvovec significantly extended the median survival of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) rats to >25 months. Additionally, the treatment elicited statistically significant improvements in cardiac parameters and mobility.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University found that suppression of Pcdh8 is essential for proper notochord elongation in zebrafish embryos. This study may lead to novel tumor therapies in humans due to the gene's role in controlling cell proliferation.
A global team, including Lehigh University researcher Xuanhong Cheng, is exploring molecular- and cellular-level changes in muscle tissue that could lead to better diagnostic tools and therapeutic options for CFS and long COVID. The team aims to develop noninvasive diagnostic tools using electrical signatures.
Positive initial results from Genethon's gene therapy GNT0004 show stabilization of motor functions and improved dystrophin expression in patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. The therapy is expected to be launched in pivotal trial phases in Europe and the US in Q2/2025.
Exposure to multiple environmental stressors simultaneously impairs the ability of herring larvae to react at a molecular level, reducing their capacity for acclimatization. This can lead to increased protein damage and cell injury, potentially affecting growth and survival.
Researchers have found that Alzheimer's disease and alcohol use disorder are associated with similar gene expression changes in the brain, including inflammation and disrupted cell signaling. This study may inform future targeted treatments for Alzheimer's and highlight the importance of considering alcohol use as a risk factor.
Researchers developed an algorithm to analyze high-resolution spatial data from Seq-Scope and other technologies, called FICTURE. This enables scientists to see how and where a gene is expressed at microscopic resolution, improving our understanding of gene expression.
Researchers at UCLA Health found an association between childhood attention problems and increased psychosis risk, with genetic variants acting as a middleman. The study used data from over 10,000 children to explore the relationship between attention span variability and psychotic-like symptoms.
Researchers have created a comprehensive atlas of zebrafish development, combining time-lapse videos and gene expression data to map the behavior of individual cells. This breakthrough tool offers new insights into how lifeforms develop from single cells to complex organisms.
A new study reveals that benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) causes oxidative stress and DNA strand breaks, leading to cell death and abnormal chromosomes in egg cells. The research suggests that BBP exposure can lead to lower quality egg cells with compromised genomic integrity.
A new study in mice shows a unique mRNA delivery method can successfully edit faulty genes in fetal brain cells. The technology has the potential to stop progression of genetic-based neurodevelopmental conditions like Angelman syndrome and Rett syndrome before birth.
Researchers have discovered a gene called NANOG that can improve nerve regrowth and re-establish innervation in damaged muscles after traumatic nerve injuries. This discovery has significant potential to help mitigate long-term disability for people with debilitating nerve injuries.
A new study finds that the FOXG1 gene has a dual function in regulating RNA transcription and translation, essential for proper brain development. The discovery raises questions about the evolution of this complex mechanism and its potential role in neuroplasticity.
A new study reveals a connection between NF-κB signaling pathways and X chromosome inactivation in T cells, which has implications for understanding sex-based immune responses. Researchers found that the maintenance of X chromosome inactivation depends on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a transcription factor.
Researchers at Lehigh University are developing predictive models for gene editing with CRISPR to improve outcomes and expand medical applications. The team is using AI and advanced computer models to simulate the effects of altering a single gene on the entire genome, enabling them to predict and avoid unintended consequences.
Researchers from the Kind Group have gained new insights into the mechanism behind the spatial organization of DNA within cells of early embryos. They found that DNA regions near the nuclear edge are repelled by a specific protein modification, leading to an unusual organization that enables cells to differentiate into various types.
A research team discovered an evolutionarily distinct variant of the Hmgn2 gene, oHmgn2, which influences shape preference in medaka fish. The study found that medaka lacking functional oHmgn2 had difficulty distinguishing between shapes.
A new study mapped genes linked to schizophrenia and uncovered a mechanism disrupting synaptic plasticity in affected individuals. The researchers identified three proteins mediating impairments of plasticity, holding promise for new treatments.
Researchers created a mouse model to study relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs), revealing the syndrome impacts the entire body and affects males and females differently. REDs leads to hormonal and reproductive issues, insomnia and fatigue, bone weakness and injury, and anxiety and depression.
A team of international researchers has discovered a surprising genetic mechanism that influences the vibrant patterns on butterfly wings. An RNA molecule controls where dark pigments are made during butterfly metamorphosis, shaping the butterfly's color patterns in a way previously unforeseen.
Silent gene mutations may have significant consequences beyond their own gene, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers found that synonymous mutations in one gene can increase the production of a neighboring gene by recruiting RNA polymerase to cryptic transcription sites.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified two chemokines, CXCL8 and CXCL16, expressed by osteosarcoma that improved CAR T-cell homing. Modified cells expressing these chemokine receptors showed enhanced infiltration into tumors, leading to prolonged survival in a model of metastatic disease.
Researchers genetically engineered Toxoplasma gondii to produce and release therapeutic proteins in the human brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. The method has potential implications for treating diseases caused by protein deficiencies or abnormal expression.
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University found that genes on newly formed neo-sex chromosomes in fruit flies tend to evolve sex-biased genes, which give sex-specific phenotypes. This strongly supports the hypothesis that sex chromosomes reduce sexual conflict by imparting beneficial traits to each sex.
Researchers discovered a pheromone receptor that controls parenting behavior in African cichlid fish. The study found that males with a specific genetic mutation picked up eggs in their mouths, taking on the role of 'mouthbrooding' dads.
Researchers developed a new method to map gene expression changes in sebocytes, providing insights into sebum production and its role in skin health. The study identifies key players in sebum production and suggests new ways to modulate it, with potential implications for acne, eczema, psoriasis, and infectious diseases.
A new zwitterionic polymer complex has been developed to deliver plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle, achieving widespread gene expression in mice. This breakthrough could lead to new therapies for serious muscular diseases.
A new study reveals specific brain regions and cell types that are vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease, while others show resilience. Gene expression analysis and lab experiments highlight the role of Reelin in neuronal vulnerability and choline/antioxidants in sustaining cognition.