Researchers found that symbionts of reed beetles regulate gene expression according to the beetle's life stage, diet, and environmental conditions. The study shows that these bacteria can maintain a regulated metabolism with a minimal set of genes, suggesting a flexible and adaptable approach to support their hosts.
The $2.5 million DRIFT program aims to close critical talent gaps and safeguard connected vehicles by providing specialized online and in-person training. Worcester Polytechnic Institute will lead the university’s DRIFT program, offering tuition-free modules and real-world training to upskill engineers and professionals.
Researchers created a glycan-binding protein that can analyze and treat diseases via sugar patterns found on the surface of cells. The tool, named sCore2, was developed by retraining an enzyme to bind to specific sugars, providing a new way to study glycans and their role in disease.
Researchers identified three new diterpene esters with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, outperforming the control drug acarbose. The study demonstrates an efficient dereplication approach for discovering bioactive compounds in complex food matrices.
A team of scientists has identified a novel DNA damage repair pathway in human cells, revealing that proteins present in the nuclear membrane directly interact with damaged DNA. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new cancer treatments that target this pathway and overcome treatment resistance.
The study identifies core limiting factors in each region, including climate, soil conditions, and planting practices. A regionalized technical model is proposed to optimize planting density, nutrient management, and agronomic measures, resulting in improved yield and resource use efficiency.
A study by DGIST researchers reveals that protein-absorptive microplastics disrupt brain cell functions and induce inflammatory responses. The research team used proteomics analysis to examine how microplastics bind to proteins and alter cellular functions.
The study reveals that East and West coasts, Great Lakes and Gulf regions face the highest risk of weather-induced blackouts. The nationwide Power System Vulnerability Index (PSVI) tool identifies areas at increased risk of power outages, enabling policymakers to prioritize preparation for long and frequent power outages.
Experts from across industries and disciplines gathered to assess the current state of cybersecurity through a multidisciplinary lens. The workshop explored emerging technologies and the intersection of technology and policy, highlighting the need for a unified ecosystem to address persistent challenges.
The ECNU Review of Education study examines the impact of globalization on higher education, highlighting increased diversity and global convergence. Researchers found that multiplicity always increases over time, leading to a shift away from US-dominated models.
A recent meta-analysis found that Helicobacter pylori eradication may be associated with an increased risk of developing or experiencing reflux oesophagitis. The study analyzed data from 30 studies and showed a statistically significant increase in RE risk in RCTs, but not in cohort studies. Age, underlying diseases, region, and durati...
New research reveals that most people are unaware of the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and various types of cancer, including cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers. The study highlights the importance of HPV vaccination in preventing these cancers.
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center found that AI detects breast cancer on mammograms more frequently than radiologists. The study analyzed 42,000 breast scans and showed that one radiologist working with AI detects more tumors than two radiologists alone.
Harmer and his team developed a new Cu–Ta–Li superalloy with exceptional stability and structural integrity at high temperatures, breaking a century-old limitation. The breakthrough could lead to energy efficiency, improved turbine performance, and sustainable forms of transportation.
Researchers from Boston University identified mutational signatures in a large Chinese population, finding similarities with American populations but also distinct correlations with clinical factors. The study provides new insights into the relationship between environmental exposure and cancer development.
A Rutgers University study reveals that iron stress slows photosynthesis in phytoplankton, reducing oxygen production and impacting the food chain. The research found that up to 25% of light-harvesting proteins are uncoupled from energy-producing centers, wasting energy.
Human oocytes mature without centrosomes, relying on microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) to assemble spindles. Researchers reveal key factors required for MTOCs maturation and its importance in oocyte development and fertility.
Researchers have discovered that DNA twists around itself in a structure called plectonemes, not knots, when passing through nanopores. This twisting motion generates a distinctive fingerprint in the electrical signal, offering new insights into DNA organisation and genomic integrity.
The H5N1 virus has defied control, spreading to other species and disrupting every stage of the dairy sector. A One Health approach is necessary to mitigate the outbreak, taking into account animal and human health with environmental factors.
Maize in densely planted plots releases linalool, which triggers roots of neighbors to release compounds altering soil bacteria composition. This plant-soil communication helps plants defend against increased pest risk.
Recent research highlights the challenges of communication for autistic adults, including language and nonverbal barriers. Experts recommend a multifaceted approach to support autistic individuals, focusing on adaptations that accommodate their differences.
Researchers from the Monell Chemical Senses Center presented their investigations on added sugars, smell and taste function while taking GLP-1 weight loss medications, odor mixtures, oral sensitivity to sucrose and dairy fat. The studies found associations between chemosensory disturbances, especially altered taste perception, and the ...
Calin Plesa developed technology to create massive biological datasets at unprecedented speed and scale, enabling the training of powerful machine learning systems. This innovation has accelerated drug development and disease research by uncovering genetic factors behind antimicrobial resistance.
Researchers found that maternal antibodies in breast milk bind to bacteria in the neonatal gut, regulating the immune response and preventing inflammation. This discovery may have implications for human infants, who receive essential immunoglobulin G antibodies from their mothers.
A pediatric investigation study reveals that male fetuses prioritize growth while female fetuses focus on placental development under gestational hypertension. The findings support the growth strategy hypothesis and suggest sex-specific differences in fetal responses to prenatal stressors.
A new study led by NSF NCAR scientists reveals that rising carbon dioxide levels will impact the upper atmosphere's response to geomagnetic storms, affecting satellite operations. Future storms may nearly triple the density increase, with regions being 20-50% less dense at peak.
A recent study found that school-based online surveillance companies are extensively monitoring students' digital behavior beyond school hours, often using AI with little human oversight. The research team identified 14 companies marketing such services, citing concerns about privacy, equity, and oversight.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have developed a new approach to lengthening telomeres using synthetic RNA. The technique, known as eTERC, has been shown to increase telomere length in human stem cells and leave normal cell mechanisms intact. Additionally, polygenic scores have been developed to estimate the combined effect o...
A lake formed in 1995 and has repeatedly drained through channels and cracks, causing massive amounts of fresh water to reach the glacier tongue. Researchers found extensive triangular fracture fields with cracks that are shaped differently from all previous lake drainages.
The study demonstrates that modulating the vagus nerve can effectively halt the progression of cachexia, enhance chemotherapy outcomes, and improve survival in preclinical models. This intervention restores normal liver metabolism, reduces systemic inflammation, and alleviates cachectic symptoms.
Researchers have designed a novel single-atom ruthenium-doped Co3O4 catalyst that significantly promotes water splitting efficiency. The high-spin Co3+ species facilitate robust OH* adsorption and enhance the supply of H* intermediates, accelerating the Volmer–Tafel pathway of the hydrogen evolution reaction.
The American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) has received a $5.7 million NIH award renewal to continue and expand the Nathan Shock Centers Coordinating Center, coordinating basic research in aging biology. The centers aim to advance understanding of aging and develop therapies to improve health at any age.
Researchers at Cavendish Laboratory create ultra-small, tuneable capacitors from graphene to achieve high modulation depths and fast speeds in terahertz modulators. The devices surpass existing modulator technologies with unprecedented intensity modulation depth and speed.
A recent study reveals that ORC2 subunit regulates epigenetics and gene expression by compacting chromatin and attracting repressive histone marks at some sites, but activating gene expression at others. This regulation also prevents CTCF binding at certain sites, leading to changes in chromatin structure and gene expression.
The University of Oklahoma's smoking cessation app Smart-T has shown significant promise in a clinical trial, with users nearly twice as likely to quit smoking compared to those using the QuitGuide app. Participants who used Smart-T also reported higher satisfaction and more frequent use of nicotine therapy.
The University of California, San Diego's Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute has received a seven-year, $80 million grant to accelerate progress in human health. The award supports workforce development programs, including mentorship opportunities for early-career scientists.
Scientists have successfully decoded inner speech using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) with an accuracy rate of up to 74%. The BCI system can interpret neural activity related to thought processes, allowing individuals with severe paralysis or motor impairments to communicate more naturally and comfortably.
Current US policies on bioenergy do not distinguish between carbon intensities of farming practices used to produce biofuels. New policies should account for farming practices that reduce direct emissions and increase soil carbon sequestration.
A new study published in Aging-US found that frailty is associated with increased respiratory exacerbations and mortality in individuals with a history of cigarette smoking. Frail participants had a three- to five-fold higher chance of developing serious or frequent respiratory attacks, even if they had normal lung function.
Researchers developed high-oxygen vacancy cerium catalysts with NiFe alloy heterostructures, significantly improving biomass ethanol T-SOFC efficiency and anti-carbon accumulation performance. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and stable operation for up to 100 hours.
In a phase 1 clinical trial, the engineered antibody improved a class of drugs that had struggled to deliver on its early promise. Six patients experienced systemic tumor reduction, including two complete responses, with minimal side effects.
University of Houston researchers are developing an AI-powered dashboard for Florida food pantries, aiming to streamline stakeholder collaboration and distribute resources to families in need. The tool will enable emergency coordinators to respond quickly to spikes in demand, prioritizing the needs of vulnerable populations.
The State of the Climate report reveals record-high greenhouse gas concentrations, with CO2 levels reaching 422.8 parts per million, a 52% increase from pre-industrial levels. Global temperatures also reached a new high, with annual growth increasing to 2.4 ppm yr−1.
Researchers found that pembrolizumab shrank or eliminated tumors in nearly 90% of participants with desmoplastic melanoma, a rare and aggressive skin cancer. The therapy offers a less invasive approach compared to surgery or radiation.
A study of over 26,000 dogs reveals which diseases tend to co-occur and provide insights into canine healthcare. The network analysis suggests new connections between diseases, such as low iron and protein in the urine, and helps guide veterinary practice.
A significant increase in childhood contact allergies has been observed in Finland over the past two decades, with a notable rise in allergic reactions to cosmetics and adhesives. The study found that young people are exposed to a range of allergens through their daily use of face masks, lip gloss, and other cosmetic products.
A recent study reveals ADAMTS9-AS2/let-7a-5p axis inhibits the Warburg effect and OSCC progression, suggesting a promising therapeutic target for treatment. The study highlights the importance of metabolic reprogramming in OSCC.
A team of experts envisions a path toward a carbon-neutral agricultural future by expanding policies designed to promote low-carbon biofuels. Climate-smart practices could reduce carbon emissions by 4-8 billion tonnes per year, according to studies.
A new method called ISM-FLUX streamlines MINFLUX by using a 5x5 SPAD array detector to capture spatiotemporal information from fluorescence photons, allowing for precise localization over larger areas without losing accuracy. This innovation enables faster and more user-friendly molecular-scale imaging in biology.
Researchers identified peptidoglycan hydrolases in archaea that kill bacteria, highlighting the importance of surveying diverse microbes to discover new antimicrobials. These proteins were found in 5% of surveyed archaeal species and show promise as novel antibacterial compounds.
Researchers developed a two-phase simulation model incorporating air-water interactions, representing eddies and aerosols more realistically. The hybrid method balances computing power and precision, conserving resources in less active areas.
PLOS Biology joins forces with MetaROR to enhance the peer-review process, utilizing pre-existing reviewer reports to streamline publication practices. This collaboration aims to promote open science and accelerate meaningful change in research publishing.
Early-life changes in fAD brain cells have been identified using stem cell-derived brain organoids, revealing key features of Alzheimer's disease. Treatment with Thymosin beta 4 has shown promise in reversing AD-specific changes.
Glacier-caused flooding is an annual threat in Juneau, with record-breaking floods over the past two years impacting hundreds of homes. The USGS provides real-time monitoring data to help emergency managers make informed decisions about evacuations and road closures.
Scientists developed a new 4D optical coherence tomography technique that measures airway wall elasticity in under 42 seconds, enabling detailed assessment of respiratory tissue mechanics. This faster approach may help diagnose and monitor upper airway disorders, assess injury, and guide treatment decisions.
Researchers at University of California San Diego have identified a microbial DNA signature in blood plasma that reliably differentiates primary liver cancer from metastatic colorectal cancer. The finding has potential clinical applications, including early cancer detection and monitoring of high-risk patients.
A team of researchers analyzed sediment cores from the Indian Ocean, revealing that intensive agriculture led to severe soil erosion around 500 years ago. This finding indicates a profound impact of human activities on the environment much earlier than previously believed.
Researchers introduced a non-parabolicity factor to address limitations of traditional models, enhancing prediction accuracy and providing deeper insights into electron transport mechanisms. This breakthrough enables the design of high-performance thermoelectric materials with improved energy conversion efficiencies.
Scientists at Virginia Tech mimic the natural movement of boulders on Racetrack Playa by creating a metal surface with asymmetric grooves that propel melting ice. The discovery has potential applications in rapid defrosting and energy harvesting.
The interactive one-person play 'Every Brilliant Thing' has been shown to reduce suicide-associated stigma among university students who attended the performance, even up to 30 days later. The study found a significant decrease in stigma following the intervention.