Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The study provides key insight into the parasites' lifestyle, which is more complex than previously thought. Dicyemids eliminate genes to conserve energy and change their reproductive methods, highlighting their unique genetic organization.
Researchers at UCI have sequenced the genome of the white-footed mouse, which carries the bacteria causing Lyme disease. The study provides a roadmap for fresh approaches to preventing disease transmission, including developing an environmentally-safe vaccine method.
Researchers have created a new technique called LADL that uses light to serve up on-demand genome folding, allowing for the manipulation of specific DNA loops on command. This technique combines CRISPR/Cas9 and optogenetics and has the potential to study the relationships between long-range loops and mechanisms determining gene express...
Researchers at ORNL discovered a specific gene that facilitates the symbiotic relationship between plants and soil fungi, enabling crops to withstand harsh growing conditions, resist pathogens, and require less fertilizer. The breakthrough could lead to the development of bioenergy and food crops that can thrive on marginal lands.
The Nunavik Inuit population has a homogenous genetic background distinct from other populations. Their genome shows evidence of adaptations in fatty acid metabolism and cellular adhesion, as well as a variant linked to increased intracranial aneurysm risk.
A recent DNA analysis revealed surprising genetic diversity in a bacterium that targets commercial algae, posing a persistent threat to the biofuels industry. The discovery suggests that treatment for one algae pest might not work for another, complicating large-scale algae cultivation.
Researchers developed an algorithm that can identify a certain type of bacterial viruses called inoviruses, significantly expanding their known diversity. The tool was trained on a reference dataset and combed through over 70,000 microbial and metagenome datasets, ultimately identifying more than 10,000 inovirus-like sequences.
A novel lipid nanoparticle delivery system has been developed to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools into liver cells with up to 90% efficiency. This improvement has the potential to overcome technical hurdles for clinical applications, including treatment of hyperlipidemia and various diseases.
A study reveals the three-dimensional genomic structure of male germ cells, showing a fine-tuned balance between chromatin remodelling and architectural proteins. This structure determines gene expression in these cells, which are essential for reproduction.
The study presents the draft genomes of three jellyfish species, revealing venom-related genes and evolutionary mechanisms. The research identified 117 putative venom proteins, including a toxin gene found only in cnidarians, providing insight into the evolution of cnidarian venom.
Researchers have retrieved nuclear genome sequences from ancient Neandertal fossils, providing a unique glimpse into the early history of European Neandertals. The study reveals that these ancient individuals were more closely related to later Neandertals in Europe than to those in Siberia, shedding new light on human migration patterns.
Researchers have developed a new gene editing tool called INTEGRATE that harnesses bacterial jumping genes to insert any DNA sequence into the genome without cutting DNA. This technology offers a precise and reliable alternative to current gene-editing tools, which can lead to errors.
Researchers at HHU are developing tools for genomic selection in potatoes to breed disease-resistant, climate-adapted varieties with higher nutrition values. The PotatoTools project aims to create generally applicable methods and tools for genetic analysis, despite the absence of a reference genome sequence.
Researchers identified a common gene signature in almost all global Strep A strains through genomic sequencing of thousands of genomes from over 20 countries. This finding has the potential to aid in the development of an effective global vaccine, which could combat the bacterial pathogen responsible for millions of deaths annually.
A study suggests sorting genetic information into categories to inform parents about potential health risks, weighing benefits against potential anxiety and legal implications. The method considers the prevalence and timing of disease development, aiming to provide actionable information while respecting patient autonomy.
Researchers from the University of Minnesota Medical School discovered that large loops form between DNA sequences where a key protein Pax3 binds, and these loops are essential for the development of skeletal muscle. The study shows how 3D genome organization regulates cell differentiation in skeletal muscle formation.
A recent study has sequenced the genomes of Leptospira bacteria from around the globe, revealing 30 new species and reorganizing the genus into four distinct lineages. The findings provide new insights into the evolution and diversity of Leptospira bacteria, which are a major cause of zoonotic disease affecting millions worldwide.
Researchers have developed new sequencing technologies to generate more complete reference genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans, a widely studied model organism. The studies provide insights into the organism's genome structure, gene regulation, and development, expanding its usefulness for biologists.
Researchers use cutting-edge sequencing technology and microscopy to discover the sequences of all centromeres in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. They found that centromeres contain a high number of transposable elements, including retroelements, which may play a role in centromere function across species.
Researchers are using genomic data to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the symbiotic relationship between coral and algae. They aim to identify genes that enhance resilience in algae and help corals adapt to environmental shifts caused by climate change.
Researchers have created a pan-genome that captures genetic information of 725 cultivated wild tomatoes, revealing nearly 5,000 new genes. This resource promises to help breeders develop more flavorful and sustainable varieties, potentially reducing the need for pesticides.
A genomic study of a mass grave in Neolithic Poland reveals an extended family structure, with mothers and children together, but older males absent. The analysis suggests that the massacre may have been linked to the expansion of Corded Ware groups, supporting the notion that violence was a common response to population pressure.
A new reference genome of Scutellaria baicalensis reveals the genes that produce valuable compounds, enabling the development of sustainable therapeutics. The discovery could lead to rapid access to a wide range of therapeutic drugs.
Research at Lund University explores how lifestyle affects gene activity in human tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, liver, and blood. The study reveals the role of epigenetic changes in disease development and potential novel treatments.
A new workflow combines genome annotation with undergraduate education, providing efficient training for both researchers and students. The framework uses a set of logical steps to begin an undergraduate annotation program, resulting in high-quality genome annotations and valuable skills for future careers.
A team of MU neurobiologists have annotated the sequences of 47 ion channels across the lamprey genome, shedding light on their role in nervous system function and recovery from spinal cord injury. This advancement paves the way for further investigations into the molecular aspects of the nervous system.
A study found kin relationships among people buried in Neolithic megalith tombs, indicating a societal role for these enigmatic structures. The genomic data revealed affinity to farming groups with past admixture with hunter-gatherer groups, highlighting a previously unknown role for megaliths in Neolithic societies and families.
The study found that certain genes, specifically transcription factors, code for proteins that fine-tune gene expression during the medusa stage. Jellyfish have a unique genetic toolkit, distinct from corals and anemones, which enables their development and growth.
A new study led by Murray Cox has found that modern Papuans carry hundreds of gene variants from two deeply divergent Denisovan lineages, separated for 350,000 years. The research reveals a complex history of interbreeding between modern humans and archaic hominins in Island Southeast Asia.
A new study of ancient DNA fragments in modern Papuans and Islanders suggests two distinct Denisovan lineages separated for hundreds of thousands of years, one potentially a new archaic hominin species. The findings highlight the importance of considering underrepresented regions in genome data to improve scientific interpretations.
The genome assembly of durum wheat has provided new insights into its domestication history and genetic properties. The study revealed a mutation that leads to high cadmium content in grains, enabling plant breeders to selectively breed modern durum cultivars with reduced cadmium levels.
An international consortium has sequenced the entire genome of durum wheat, revealing genes responsible for traits like yield, disease resistance, and nutritional properties. The team has also identified a gene that accumulates cadmium in durum grain, enabling selective breeding to reduce toxic levels.
The research offers a potential framework and more efficient methods for investigating vital pathways in any organism. The team mapped out a network of interactions for how plant genes coordinate their response to nitrogen, a crucial nutrient and the main component of fertilizer.
Researchers at ETH Zurich develop a computer-generated genome for Caulobacter ethensis, which is based on the genome of a harmless freshwater bacterium. The new genome contains over 800,000 DNA letters and was generated using an algorithm that simplifies genetic information to facilitate production.
A new study sequencing the milkweed bug genome has revealed a link between diet and wing development, as well as toxic pigmentation. The research also highlights differences in metabolic enzymes between insects with specialized diets, offering insights into their biology and potential strategies for integrated pest management.
Researchers found that the giant duckweed has extremely low genetic diversity and mutation rate, which may be due to its large population size. This study provides new insights into why genetic diversity differs among species.
Scientists at UC Davis and USDA's ARS developed a new approach to sequence walnut genomes, using long-read DNA sequencing and optical genome mapping. The resulting high-quality genome sequences can help breeders develop disease-resistant varieties.
A team of researchers from Harvard University has discovered genetic switches that control the process of whole-body regeneration in animals. Using three-banded panther worms, they found that a non-coding DNA section activates a 'master control gene' called early growth response (EGR), which controls various processes by switching othe...
A new study reveals that random DNA sections can evolve into novel proteins, contributing to biodiversity and challenging classic assumptions about protein evolution. At least 175 de novo genes were detected, with 57% translating into new peptides.
Researchers have identified new key players in the methane cycle, discovering widespread metabolic pathways in archaea. The study found that different variants of methane metabolism are common in these microorganisms, suggesting a greater importance in global carbon balancing than previously thought.
Researchers found that natural selection can couple genes for color pattern and mate preferences when species still interbreed. The study identified four narrow regions of the genome that are highly differentiated among species in hamlets, closely related reef fishes that differ in terms of color pattern.
Researchers found that Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a lower mutation rate than previously believed, contradicting theories of high genetic diversity. This discovery could pave the way for the development of an effective HCMV vaccine.
Researchers developed a non-invasive blood test to map fetal genomes and detect genetic disorders with high accuracy. The test can identify countless diseases caused by small impairments in the fetal genome, offering a safe and simple procedure for parents-to-be.
A South African fungus has been found to rapidly degrade lignocellulose into fermentable simple sugars, feeding a community of surrounding fungi. The genome sequence of the fungus reveals its extraordinary ability to break down wood and produce valuable products.
Studies show that specific rabbit genes contribute to acquired resistance to the myxoma virus, while co-evolutionary forces drive parallel adaptation between viruses and hosts. The research demonstrates how genetic variations can lead to changes in virus pathogenicity.
Researchers studied genome sequences of various species to understand the genetic factors behind limb loss in snakes. By analyzing gene regulatory elements, they found that only one gene was lost in snakes, but not its associated regulatory element, suggesting a more complex process.
Researchers at EPFL discovered that different TFs vary greatly in their ability to scan the genome, with some being highly efficient while others are less effective. The study found that TFs that associate with mitotic chromosomes are more efficient in finding specific binding sites and regulating gene expression.
Researchers analyzed 5 birds-of-paradise species' genomes, identifying genes linked to coloration, morphology, and feather development. The study provides insights into the evolutionary mechanisms behind the extraordinary plumage of these birds.
Researchers from China's National GeneBank and BGI sequenced 761 plant specimens, representing 689 vascular plant species, to create the world's first digital botanical garden. The project triples the number of plant genomes with available data, providing insights into plant evolution and agricultural yield improvement.
Researchers identified 13,000 epigenetic regions with varying activity levels in different brain regions. These changes were found to co-locate with genetic signals contributing to addictive behavior, schizophrenia, and neuroses.
Scientists have identified a common genetic mutation in bulldogs and French bulldogs that causes their characteristic screw tail and is linked to the rare human disease Robinow syndrome. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this inherited disorder, which affects only a few hundred people worldwide.
Historical genomes of eastern gorillas show significant decline in genetic diversity and increase in harmful mutations. This decline may make them less able to adapt to disease outbreaks and environmental changes.
Researchers sequenced the first complete Himalayan marmot genome, uncovering genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation and hibernation. The findings also shed light on the immune system's role in protecting against diseases like hepatitis virus.
A study published in Aging Cell found age- and health-related differences in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) packaging, which could be used to determine biological age. The researchers detected well-spaced nucleosomes in younger individuals but less regular patterns in older groups.
Researchers at University of East Anglia have successfully sequenced the common primrose's complete genome sequence, revealing the landscape of genes involved in its two different flowering forms. This breakthrough provides fresh insight into a puzzle that has captivated scientists for over 150 years.
A recent report from a joint effort between researchers and experts has provided guidelines for defining the quality of uncultivated virus genomes. The new standards aim to improve the analysis and characterization of these viruses, which are increasingly being identified through genome sequencing and analyses.
A new assay can analyze small amounts of material to estimate metastatic risk, enhancing prostate cancer evaluation. The Next-Generation Copy Number Alteration (NG-CNA) assay is a targeted amplification sequencing technique that can process samples faster and decrease the cost per sample.
Researchers from Technical University of Munich identified a previously unknown virus causing mass mortality in brown trout. The piscine reovirus is related to the virus infecting salmon in North Atlantic and Pacific, causing significant economic damage.
The tegu lizard's genome has been sequenced to an unprecedented level of quality, revealing its ability to regulate its body temperature and potentially threatening native species. The high-quality genome assembly will aid scientists in studying other lizards and snakes, shedding light on their evolutionary history.
Scientists discover functional genes for producing terpenes and carotenoids in mites, which could lead to new ways of controlling chigger bites and potentially treating scrub typhus. Ancient horizontal gene transfer from soil bacteria and fungi is found to be responsible for these genetic surprises.