Research reading and comparing genomes. Covers disease redefinition, pangenome-guided breeding, crop pathogens, and reference genomes for neuroscience.
Researchers are using genomic data to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the symbiotic relationship between coral and algae. They aim to identify genes that enhance resilience in algae and help corals adapt to environmental shifts caused by climate change.
A genomic study of a mass grave in Neolithic Poland reveals an extended family structure, with mothers and children together, but older males absent. The analysis suggests that the massacre may have been linked to the expansion of Corded Ware groups, supporting the notion that violence was a common response to population pressure.
A new reference genome of Scutellaria baicalensis reveals the genes that produce valuable compounds, enabling the development of sustainable therapeutics. The discovery could lead to rapid access to a wide range of therapeutic drugs.
Research at Lund University explores how lifestyle affects gene activity in human tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, liver, and blood. The study reveals the role of epigenetic changes in disease development and potential novel treatments.
A new workflow combines genome annotation with undergraduate education, providing efficient training for both researchers and students. The framework uses a set of logical steps to begin an undergraduate annotation program, resulting in high-quality genome annotations and valuable skills for future careers.
The study found that certain genes, specifically transcription factors, code for proteins that fine-tune gene expression during the medusa stage. Jellyfish have a unique genetic toolkit, distinct from corals and anemones, which enables their development and growth.
A team of MU neurobiologists have annotated the sequences of 47 ion channels across the lamprey genome, shedding light on their role in nervous system function and recovery from spinal cord injury. This advancement paves the way for further investigations into the molecular aspects of the nervous system.
A study found kin relationships among people buried in Neolithic megalith tombs, indicating a societal role for these enigmatic structures. The genomic data revealed affinity to farming groups with past admixture with hunter-gatherer groups, highlighting a previously unknown role for megaliths in Neolithic societies and families.
A new study led by Murray Cox has found that modern Papuans carry hundreds of gene variants from two deeply divergent Denisovan lineages, separated for 350,000 years. The research reveals a complex history of interbreeding between modern humans and archaic hominins in Island Southeast Asia.
A new study of ancient DNA fragments in modern Papuans and Islanders suggests two distinct Denisovan lineages separated for hundreds of thousands of years, one potentially a new archaic hominin species. The findings highlight the importance of considering underrepresented regions in genome data to improve scientific interpretations.
The genome assembly of durum wheat has provided new insights into its domestication history and genetic properties. The study revealed a mutation that leads to high cadmium content in grains, enabling plant breeders to selectively breed modern durum cultivars with reduced cadmium levels.
An international consortium has sequenced the entire genome of durum wheat, revealing genes responsible for traits like yield, disease resistance, and nutritional properties. The team has also identified a gene that accumulates cadmium in durum grain, enabling selective breeding to reduce toxic levels.
The research offers a potential framework and more efficient methods for investigating vital pathways in any organism. The team mapped out a network of interactions for how plant genes coordinate their response to nitrogen, a crucial nutrient and the main component of fertilizer.
Researchers at ETH Zurich develop a computer-generated genome for Caulobacter ethensis, which is based on the genome of a harmless freshwater bacterium. The new genome contains over 800,000 DNA letters and was generated using an algorithm that simplifies genetic information to facilitate production.
A new study sequencing the milkweed bug genome has revealed a link between diet and wing development, as well as toxic pigmentation. The research also highlights differences in metabolic enzymes between insects with specialized diets, offering insights into their biology and potential strategies for integrated pest management.
Researchers found that the giant duckweed has extremely low genetic diversity and mutation rate, which may be due to its large population size. This study provides new insights into why genetic diversity differs among species.
Scientists at UC Davis and USDA's ARS developed a new approach to sequence walnut genomes, using long-read DNA sequencing and optical genome mapping. The resulting high-quality genome sequences can help breeders develop disease-resistant varieties.
A team of researchers from Harvard University has discovered genetic switches that control the process of whole-body regeneration in animals. Using three-banded panther worms, they found that a non-coding DNA section activates a 'master control gene' called early growth response (EGR), which controls various processes by switching othe...
A new study reveals that random DNA sections can evolve into novel proteins, contributing to biodiversity and challenging classic assumptions about protein evolution. At least 175 de novo genes were detected, with 57% translating into new peptides.
Researchers have identified new key players in the methane cycle, discovering widespread metabolic pathways in archaea. The study found that different variants of methane metabolism are common in these microorganisms, suggesting a greater importance in global carbon balancing than previously thought.
Researchers found that natural selection can couple genes for color pattern and mate preferences when species still interbreed. The study identified four narrow regions of the genome that are highly differentiated among species in hamlets, closely related reef fishes that differ in terms of color pattern.
Researchers found that Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a lower mutation rate than previously believed, contradicting theories of high genetic diversity. This discovery could pave the way for the development of an effective HCMV vaccine.
Researchers developed a non-invasive blood test to map fetal genomes and detect genetic disorders with high accuracy. The test can identify countless diseases caused by small impairments in the fetal genome, offering a safe and simple procedure for parents-to-be.
A South African fungus has been found to rapidly degrade lignocellulose into fermentable simple sugars, feeding a community of surrounding fungi. The genome sequence of the fungus reveals its extraordinary ability to break down wood and produce valuable products.
Studies show that specific rabbit genes contribute to acquired resistance to the myxoma virus, while co-evolutionary forces drive parallel adaptation between viruses and hosts. The research demonstrates how genetic variations can lead to changes in virus pathogenicity.
Researchers studied genome sequences of various species to understand the genetic factors behind limb loss in snakes. By analyzing gene regulatory elements, they found that only one gene was lost in snakes, but not its associated regulatory element, suggesting a more complex process.
Researchers at EPFL discovered that different TFs vary greatly in their ability to scan the genome, with some being highly efficient while others are less effective. The study found that TFs that associate with mitotic chromosomes are more efficient in finding specific binding sites and regulating gene expression.
Researchers analyzed 5 birds-of-paradise species' genomes, identifying genes linked to coloration, morphology, and feather development. The study provides insights into the evolutionary mechanisms behind the extraordinary plumage of these birds.
Researchers from China's National GeneBank and BGI sequenced 761 plant specimens, representing 689 vascular plant species, to create the world's first digital botanical garden. The project triples the number of plant genomes with available data, providing insights into plant evolution and agricultural yield improvement.
Researchers identified 13,000 epigenetic regions with varying activity levels in different brain regions. These changes were found to co-locate with genetic signals contributing to addictive behavior, schizophrenia, and neuroses.
Scientists have identified a common genetic mutation in bulldogs and French bulldogs that causes their characteristic screw tail and is linked to the rare human disease Robinow syndrome. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this inherited disorder, which affects only a few hundred people worldwide.
Historical genomes of eastern gorillas show significant decline in genetic diversity and increase in harmful mutations. This decline may make them less able to adapt to disease outbreaks and environmental changes.
Researchers sequenced the first complete Himalayan marmot genome, uncovering genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation and hibernation. The findings also shed light on the immune system's role in protecting against diseases like hepatitis virus.
A study published in Aging Cell found age- and health-related differences in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) packaging, which could be used to determine biological age. The researchers detected well-spaced nucleosomes in younger individuals but less regular patterns in older groups.
Researchers at University of East Anglia have successfully sequenced the common primrose's complete genome sequence, revealing the landscape of genes involved in its two different flowering forms. This breakthrough provides fresh insight into a puzzle that has captivated scientists for over 150 years.
A recent report from a joint effort between researchers and experts has provided guidelines for defining the quality of uncultivated virus genomes. The new standards aim to improve the analysis and characterization of these viruses, which are increasingly being identified through genome sequencing and analyses.
A new assay can analyze small amounts of material to estimate metastatic risk, enhancing prostate cancer evaluation. The Next-Generation Copy Number Alteration (NG-CNA) assay is a targeted amplification sequencing technique that can process samples faster and decrease the cost per sample.
Researchers from Technical University of Munich identified a previously unknown virus causing mass mortality in brown trout. The piscine reovirus is related to the virus infecting salmon in North Atlantic and Pacific, causing significant economic damage.
The tegu lizard's genome has been sequenced to an unprecedented level of quality, revealing its ability to regulate its body temperature and potentially threatening native species. The high-quality genome assembly will aid scientists in studying other lizards and snakes, shedding light on their evolutionary history.
Scientists discover functional genes for producing terpenes and carotenoids in mites, which could lead to new ways of controlling chigger bites and potentially treating scrub typhus. Ancient horizontal gene transfer from soil bacteria and fungi is found to be responsible for these genetic surprises.
Scientists have assembled a comprehensive map of Aedes aegypti mosquito DNA using long-read sequencing technology, providing a much more complete and accurate picture of gene elements. The new genome has already revealed critical clues into how the insects sense chemical cues and has identified 49 new genes involved in immune responses.
A comparative analysis of eight Pezizomycete fungi reveals that truffle-forming species have evolved independently due to symbiotic relationships with host plants. The study also highlights the importance of underground networks in shaping these ecosystems and impacting global carbon cycling.
Researchers have developed a comprehensive catalog of the Aedes aegypti genome, which could lead to novel strategies for reducing mosquito-borne illnesses. The new tool has revealed genes coding for ionotropic receptors that detect odors, and enzymes neutralizing toxic effects of insecticides.
Using a dataset of over 500 single-stranded RNA viruses, researchers developed a model that can predict animal reservoirs and arthropod vectors directly from viral genome sequences. This approach enables faster evaluation than existing methods, which often require years, and could aid in rapid response to emerging infectious diseases.
University of Kent researchers have created chromosome-level assemblies for three falcon species, providing insights into their biology and ecology. The study's findings reveal a unique pattern of genome organization not typical in birds.
Researchers have sequenced the Eurasian perch genome, which is three times smaller than the human genome yet contains over 23,000 genes. The study reveals the genetic mechanisms behind the species' ability to adapt to extreme environmental conditions and its significant impact on methane cycle in lakes.
A recent study published in Genome Biology found that the rapid growth of genomic databases is affecting the accuracy of bacterial species identification. The research, led by Rice University scientist Todd Treangen, reveals that the imbalance in database coverage hinders the ability to quickly identify pathogens.
Researchers report genome assemblies of Eurasian trembling aspen and North American quaking aspen, highlighting the influence of gene network connectivity on genetic diversity. The study suggests that genetic variation is shaped by gene expression levels and regulation in these species.
Researchers from UChicago used genetic analysis and CRISPR/Cas9 editing to discover a single gene that controls the white or yellow spots on the wings of Heliconius butterflies. This gene, called aristaless1 (al1), acts as a switch for color variation, with elevated expression leading to white spots.
Researchers at OIST and Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology have decoded the entire genome of the striped catfish, revealing new details about its evolutionary lineage and genes related to disease resistance. The genome data will enable aquaculturists to develop molecular markers for optimal breeding
Researchers traced cacao trees' origin to a single domestication event around 3,600 years ago in Central America. The study found that domestication selected for desirable traits like flavor and disease resistance but also introduced counterproductive genes that lowered crop yields.
Researchers build a genetic profile for section Nigri of Aspergillus fungi, allowing for comparisons within and across the subgroup. The study reveals thousands of new genes, species-specific gene clusters, and insights into species diversification and evolution.
Scientists at OSU propose that the CRISPR adaptive immune system contributed to the loss of genes in deadly bacteria Rathayibacter toxicus. This discovery could help track and prevent the spread of this toxic species.
The study found that the selfish genes were unrelated to each other and use different mechanisms to kill sibling spores, suggesting they may be more common than previously thought. The discovery provides new insights into the genetics of fungal fratricide and has implications for understanding evolutionary patterns.
Researchers found that most hospital-acquired bloodstream infections come from patients' own gut, with 15 of 30 patients having the same strain in both stool and blood samples. The study used bioinformatics software to rapidly identify the source of infections, which could help address risk factors and prevent recurrence.
A UBC team has sequenced the complete genome of lavender, opening doors for further research and analysis. The draft genome helps identify genes directing essential oil production and regulatory elements controlling its expression.
A study by Stanford Medicine and the Undiagnosed Disease Network has diagnosed over 100 patients with previously unknown ailments, providing actionable information for treatment. The network, created in 2014, uses a combination of traditional medicine and cutting-edge genomic technologies to solve mysterious cases.
Researchers at IST Austria identified two genes that determine magenta and yellow flower colors in snapdragons, which are separated by a hybrid zone. The study found that selection favored new variants of these genes, making the flowers more attractive to bees, while also creating barriers to gene exchange.
Researchers from Uppsala University have identified previously unknown retroviral insertions in European rabbits, shedding light on how ERVs spread in host populations. The study reveals substantial variation across ERV insertions in different rabbit populations, providing a genomic record of retrovirus-host associations.
Researchers sequenced 141,431 women's genomes using non-invasive prenatal testing data, identifying patterns in ethnic groups' evolutionary history and novel genetic loci linked to height and BMI. The study provides insights into disease risk and epidemiology in Chinese populations.