A multi-site randomized controlled trial is enrolling patients with critical limb ischemia to compare treatment efficacy, functional outcomes, cost effectiveness, and quality of life. The BEST-CLI Trial seeks to overcome treatment bias by involving multidisciplinary CLI teams at participating sites.
A new review paper by international climate experts highlights the prospects for skilful near-term climate predictions, out to just a few years ahead. These enhanced models feature the effects of man-made greenhouse gases and natural drivers, providing valuable information for policymakers and aid agencies.
Scientists used a genetic tool to identify 72 key genes in group A strep that contribute to necrotizing myositis, a devastating human infection with high mortality rates. The study provides a genetic roadmap for developing new vaccines and treatments.
Researchers at the University of the Basque Country have successfully encapsulated semiconductor nanocrystals into polymers, improving their optical properties and fluorescence control. The new method enables stable detection in biomedicine and detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with high sensitivity.
A new esophageal cancer screening test called EsophaCap has been developed using genetic biomarkers to detect the deadly disease. The test involves swallowing a small capsule that dissolves into a sponge, which collects genetic material from the entire length of the esophagus and is then sent for analysis.
Researchers from the University of Edinburgh's Roslin Institute found thousands of errors in recent human genome sequences generated by long-read technologies, even after using corrective software. The team suggests that these technologies should be interpreted with caution due to potential major implications in clinical studies.
Researchers measured temperatures of slow-moving gas atoms surrounding a star after an exploding star's shock wave, answering a long-standing question about their physical processes. The results confirm the relationship between atomic weight and temperature, settling an important issue in astrophysics.
Researchers have identified a key trigger for toxic protein production in ALS and frontotemporal dementia. Targeting the integrated stress response with an approved antidepressant drug shows promise in reducing toxic protein production in laboratory tests.
A study by Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg found that a single gene enables worker bees to produce female offspring, leading to the colony's takeover. This phenomenon, known as thelytoky, is a dominant genetic trait that allows these 'false queens' to reproduce and invade other colonies.
The study found that one pheromone operates strictly while the other is free to undergo diversification, a mechanism that may lead to reproductive isolation and speciation. This asymmetric system allows for flexible adaptation to mutational changes while maintaining recognition of mating partners.
Researchers studied graphene and related materials' physicochemical characteristics and biological effects, finding varying properties lead to differing toxicity. The study provides a solid guide for safe use of these materials, essential for widespread utilization.
Scientists found evidence of a climate feedback that prolonged the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), considered an analogue for modern climate change. The study suggests that long-lasting impacts on global temperature may occur even with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding magnetic quantum effects in solids, finding that they only occur within narrow parameter ranges. The study sheds light on the behavior of spin systems at different temperatures and interaction parameters.
A team of UCLA astronomers has developed a new method to measure the universe's expansion rate, using double-image quasars to produce an estimate of the Hubble constant. The study's findings suggest that the universe is expanding at a speed of about 72.5 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
Researchers discovered that white blood cells respond to microparticles from prosthetic devices as harmful invaders and engulf them, leading to inflammation, tissue damage, and bone destruction. The study may lead to new therapies to reduce pain and prevent follow-up surgery for joint replacement patients.
New research by Oregon State University suggests that coastal cutthroat trout and giant salamanders can recover from drought conditions within just a few years. The study found that the fish populations were negatively affected by hot, dry summers, but recovered quickly in predrought form.
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine confirms that patients treated with naloxone for opiate overdose can be safely discharged from the emergency department after one hour. The study found minimal risk of adverse events and suggests the St. Paul's Early Discharge Rule as a useful predictor of high-risk patients.
Scientists developed a mesoporous nickel material, increasing its surface area by 400 times. This enables applications in hydrogen engines, solar cells, nanoelectronics, and the automotive industry.
Researchers at Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago have discovered a promising direction towards understanding and preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants. Blocking NF-κB activity prevented recruitment of white blood cells into the intestine, leading to decreased development of NEC.
A new study found that only a minority of US adults with type 1 diabetes achieve target hemoglobin A1c levels, indicating poor blood glucose management. The study revealed increasing HbA1c levels in young adults and teens over the past 5 years.
A new study found that regular aspirin use after delivery erases the increased risk of stroke associated with a history of preeclampsia in women under 60. Women in this age group who took aspirin had the same stroke risk as those without a history of preeclampsia, whereas those who did not take aspirin had a 50% greater risk.
A study analyzed combined results from 18 randomized clinical trials on morphine and other medications for treating neonatal abstinence syndrome in newborns exposed to opioids during pregnancy. Buprenorphine was associated with the shortest length of treatment, but further research is needed for wide-scale adoption.
Dr. Eric Baumer aims to develop participatory methods for human-centered design of algorithmic systems, incorporating diverse experts and users in the design process. He will work with nonprofits AEquitas and ProPublica to create interactive tools that better align with users' existing practices.
A recent study found significant correlations between the population structure of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and urbanization levels in São Paulo City. The researchers discovered that environmental pressures due to urbanization lead to the selection of phenotypes better adapted to the conditions, resulting in wing shape variability.
The study reports the observation of an XY-type antiferromagnetic material whose magnetic order becomes unstable when reduced to one-atom thickness. This finding is consistent with theoretical predictions dating back to the 1970s.
A new WCS study examines the job satisfaction of front-line conservation rangers working in challenging conditions at Kahuzi-Biega National Park. The research reveals that rangers' motivation decreases over time, but provides suggestions for improvement, including better salaries, recognition, and security guarantees.
A 15-year study found a significant increase in US liver transplants for alcohol-associated liver disease, but with lower five-year survival rates compared to other liver conditions. The study suggests changing attitudes towards sobriety length may be driving this trend.
Researchers in Leicester are investigating the use of antibiotics to treat certain types of severe asthma, a condition affecting 1 in 20 people with asthma. The study aims to identify patients with specific subtypes of severe asthma and test new oral treatments, including doxycycline and dexpramipexole.
Researchers propose using compressed air storage in porous rock formations to meet UK's electricity needs during winter months, providing a viable option for steady and reliable renewable energy supplies. The approach aims to store enough compressed air to cover the UK's typical electricity demand for January and February.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified a method to fuel macrophages with energy needed to attack and eat cancer cells. By rewiring macrophage metabolism, macrophages can overcome signals that prevent them from attacking tumors, leading to tumor shrinkage and prolonged survival in mice.
A protein-secreting device implanted into the hippocampus of epileptic rats reduced seizures by 93% in three months, improving anxiety-like symptoms and cognitive performance. The effects persisted even after device removal, indicating a possible modification of disease progression.
A new blood test reliably detects signs of brain damage in people with Alzheimer's disease, even before symptoms of confusion and memory loss arise. The test may also identify neurodegeneration in other brain diseases, injuries, and conditions such as multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury.
Researchers identified genetic changes that may predict breast cancer relapse in women taking hormone therapy. The study found subtle differences in gene expression between tumours that relapsed and those that didn't, suggesting potential new tests to identify high-risk patients.
A study at Oregon State University found that 'silent slip' - a brief episode of shallow mantle creep and seismic swarms - occurs before large earthquakes. The research deployed seismometers on the ocean bottom to detect over 1,600 earthquakes at the Blanco Ridge fault.
A study by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution scientists found that deep-sea microbes are unable to fully utilize organic carbon due to its scarcity and physical isolation. The research suggests that the unique environment of deep sediments may limit life on Earth and provide insights into the possibility of extraterrestrial microbia...
Researchers found that inhibition decreases in autistic mice brains but does not affect spiking rates, instead stabilizing brain activity through compensation. This finding challenges the 'inhibition' theory of autism and suggests other mechanisms may contribute to disease symptoms.
Researchers found that British citizens generally believed the government should play a role in providing a state pension, while Germans preferred to prevent old-age poverty through targeted support. The findings highlight differences in attitudes towards pensions between the two nations.
Researchers at University College London have discovered the genetic differences between lung cancer precursor cells and harmless lesions. This breakthrough could lead to the development of screening tests and new treatments that can stop cancer in its tracks, saving lives by detecting the disease earlier.
A 100-million-year-old hagfish fossil provides critical evidence of the evolutionary history of these enigmatic creatures. The discovery helps place hagfish in a more accurate position within the vertebrate family tree, suggesting a closer relationship with lampreys than previously thought.
Researchers at DZNE and HIH developed a blood test that detects neurofilament, a protein found in the blood, which accumulates long before clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The test accurately reflects the course of the disease and predicts future developments.
Researchers discovered a link between air quality and happiness in Chinese cities, finding that higher pollution levels are associated with decreased happiness. Women and those on higher incomes were found to be more sensitive to pollution's impact.
A review aims to help primary care physicians care for vulnerable adolescents with gender dysphoria, emphasizing individualized approaches and collaborative decision-making. The review highlights the need for optimal care for this population, particularly in addressing gaps in research and ethnocultural diversity.
A new study from Linköping University found that the brain reduces sensory perception when touched by oneself, and this difference arises as early as in the spinal cord. This phenomenon suggests that the brain attempts to predict sensory consequences of one's actions, assigning less importance to self-generated sensations.
The study suggests that letting beneficial microorganisms thrive could aid in fighting infectious diseases, as conventional methods may interfere with their natural containment. By adopting a more diverse approach to health, researchers hope to create stronger defenses against pathogens.
The study models environmental impacts of adopting Bonsucro Voluntary Sustainability Standards, finding a potential reduction in sugarcane production area and water use. By focusing on 10% of current production area, most benefits can be achieved
Researchers found that super-donors have stool rich in bacteria that enhance metabolism and can provide the necessary chemicals to restore gut balance. Fecal transplants from these 'super-donors' achieve clinical remission rates double those of other donors, offering new hope for treating a range of conditions.
A genetic study of over 77,000 people with osteoarthritis has identified 52 new genetic changes associated with the disease. The research could lead to new medicines and improved treatment options for those affected by the condition.
A new fossil discovery reveals defining characteristics of hagfish appeared before the Cretaceous period, resolving a longstanding debate on their evolutionary position. The study suggests that hagfish and lampreys form a distinct clade, implying that living jawless vertebrates may not be as primitive as initially thought.
A new study of Bajondillo Cave in southern Spain found that modern humans replaced Neanderthals approximately 44,000 years ago, challenging the traditional timing of this event. The research suggests that coastal corridors played a key role in the early dispersal of Homo sapiens into Europe.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool and McMaster University have discovered a quantum spin liquid state in TbInO3, a complex material that defies its crystal structure. The exotic state emerges from the local environment around magnetic ions, giving rise to extraordinary properties.
A genome-wide association study found genetic variants that influence head circumference and intracranial volume in 46,000 adults and children, revealing stable genetic influences during development. The study identified 9 novel loci associated with large effects on head circumference, including a rare variant of the TP53 gene.
Researchers at University of Oxford and University of Jyväskylä have discovered a gold compound that reacts with carbon dioxide to form a product where the gold atom attacks the central carbon atom. This finding marks the first example of nucleophilic reactivity by molecular gold, enabling new applications in chemical reactions.
A multidisciplinary team has found a new connection between the lateral hypothalamus, a feeding center, and the hippocampus, a memory center, revealing how the protein complex NCOR1/2 regulates memory. The study sheds light on potential links to autism, intellectual disabilities, and neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study shows that social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter can predict a person's behavior based on their friends' posts, undermining the idea of individual choice online. The research found that up to 95% of predictive accuracy remains even if someone leaves or never joined the platform.
Researchers at Florida State University have discovered that a natural immune system response can cause further harm after a spinal cord injury. The study found that the process of clearing myelin debris from the injury site can lead to inflammation and the formation of abnormal blood vessels, inhibiting recovery.
A team of scientists has discovered a new species of fossilized shark teeth, Galagadon nordquistae, in the same rock as SUE the T. rex. The small shark lived in freshwater rivers and had distinctive shaped teeth similar to spaceships from the video game Galaga.
A two to three-fold increase in heatwave activity has been identified in the UK, with frequency, duration, and severity significantly rising. This analysis of historical temperature data provides a new understanding of climate change's impact on heatwaves.
Researchers found that plants prioritize protection against physical stresses over biological ones depending on leaf age, with older leaves more sensitive to pathogen attacks and younger leaves protected under abiotic stress.
A team of researchers isolated a peptide named emericellipsin A from soil fungi, which possesses antitumor and antibacterial properties. The substance was proved to be effective against various types of bacteria and fungi, including those resistant to other antibiotics.
A genetic study of over 6,000 Latin Americans has identified new variations associated with skin colour and eyesight. The research found that lighter skin among Eurasian people evolved independently from different genetic backgrounds.