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Science News for January 14, 2019


Gut microbes from healthy infants block milk allergy development in mice

A new study suggests that gut microbes from healthy human infant donors can protect against the development of cow's milk allergy in mice. The research found that transplanting these microbes into mice exposed to milk prevented allergic reactions, while those with microbes from infants allergic to milk did not experience protection.

SourceNIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases·JournalNature Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019

Research reveals strategies for combating science misinformation

A new study identifies four key areas to combat climate misinformation: public inoculation, legal strategies, political mechanisms, and financial transparency. The research proposes coordinated strategies to counter false content and expose the institutional network enabling its spread.

SourceYale School of the Environment·JournalNature Climate Change·DateJan 14, 2019
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Discovery casts doubt on cell surface organization models

Researchers challenged conventional two-dimensional models of cell surface organization, revealing three-dimensional effects on diffusion and molecular movement. This study has significant implications for understanding cell signaling, cell-to-cell contacts, and cell migration.

SourceUniversity of Gothenburg·JournalCommunications Biology·DateJan 14, 2019

New research from Barnard president Sian Beilock helps students excel on science exams

A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that brief pre-exam de-stressing strategies can reduce performance gaps between lower-income and higher-income students. The interventions, which included expressive writing and reappraisal, improved exam scores and course-passing rates for lower-incom...

SourceBarnard College·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Wild insects 'get old' before they die

Researchers studied wild crickets for ten years and found that those who invested more in reproduction showed signs of aging, including reduced chirping and increased fighting losses. The study suggests that aging may be driven by energy allocation towards reproduction rather than decline, challenging the idea that aging is inevitable.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalEvolution·DateJan 14, 2019
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

NYSCF scientists make strides in creation of clinical-grade bone

Researchers at NYSCF identified two growth media types that support effective expansion of mesenchymal progenitor cells for bone treatment and repair. MP cells have promise in treating blood, heart, and immune diseases as well as repairing damaged bone and cartilage.

SourceNew York Stem Cell Foundation·JournalStem Cell Research & Therapy·DateJan 14, 2019

Step forward in understanding human feet

A study by the University of Exeter and the University of Queensland reveals that plantar intrinsic muscles have a minimal impact on supporting the arch of the human foot during walking and running. However, these muscles are crucial for propelling forward motion.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019
Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope

Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope combines portable Schmidt-Cassegrain optics with GoTo pointing for outreach nights and field campaigns.

ZIP code or genetic code?

Researchers used a massive insurance database to analyze the effects of genes and environment in 560 common conditions among over 56,000 twin pairs. The study found that nearly 40% of diseases had a genetic component, while 25% were driven by environmental factors.

SourceHarvard Medical School·JournalNature Genetics·DateJan 14, 2019

In breast-cancer prevention, race matters

A new study found that African-American women are less likely than white women to pursue potentially life-saving preventive care due to racial disparities in healthcare. High-risk black women were also less aware of their options and at a disadvantage when it came to getting access to information about prevention.

SourceOhio State University·JournalEthnicity and Health·DateJan 14, 2019

Military spouses face higher perinatal depression risk

A review paper found that pregnant military spouses report increased depressive symptoms during pregnancy and partner deployment, attributed to social isolation and stress. Specialised support for military spouses may reduce anxiety during deployments.

SourceAnglia Ruskin University·JournalJournal of the Royal Army Medical Corps·DateJan 14, 2019

Antibody neutralizes Zika virus in mice

A study using murine models found that a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, ZIKV-195, protects mice from Zika virus infection. The antibody targets and cross-links envelope proteins critical for viral membrane fusion.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Temple researchers identify long-sought activator of sigma receptors in human cells

Temple researchers discover that choline functions as an endogenous ligand for sigma-1 receptors, triggering intracellular signaling pathways and potentially treating conditions like substance abuse. The findings provide a long-sought activation mechanism for these receptors, which interact with various psychoactive drugs.

SourceTemple University Health System·JournalCell Reports·DateJan 14, 2019
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

The human brain works backwards to retrieve memories

A new study at the University of Birmingham reveals that when retrieving memories, the human brain focuses on the core meaning first and then recalls specific details. This reversed reconstruction process challenges our understanding of how memories are formed and retrieved.

SourceUniversity of Birmingham·JournalNature Communications·DateJan 14, 2019

Fort McMurray homes have normal levels of indoor toxins, U of T Engineering study reveals

A University of Toronto Engineering study found that dust in Fort McMurray homes contained normal levels of contaminants comparable to Canadian homes. The team collected dust from over 60 homes and reported lower levels of toxic substances than health guidelines, with some chemicals even higher in Toronto homes.

SourceUniversity of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering·JournalGeophysical Research Letters·DateJan 14, 2019

Big genome found in tiny forest defoliator

Researchers sequenced the European gypsy moth genome, revealing its largest moth or butterfly genome ever recorded. The study provides insights into the insect's immune system and potential bioinsecticides to protect forests and orchards from destruction.

SourceUT Southwestern Medical Center·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Viennese scientists develop promising new type of polymers

Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed a new synthesis process for S-PPVs, promising polymers for various applications. The process uses inexpensive base materials and can be scaled up for industrial quantities, making them suitable for commercial use.

SourceVienna University of Technology·JournalPolymer Chemistry·DateJan 14, 2019

Cities could play a key role in pollinator conservation

A new study reveals that gardens and allotments are crucial for pollinators, with lavender and borage being key food sources. Cities can play a vital role in conserving pollinators by incorporating these plant species into urban landscapes.

SourceUniversity of Bristol·JournalNature Ecology & Evolution·DateJan 14, 2019

Pain and substance abuse interact in a vicious cycle

Research finds that experiencing pain can motivate individuals to use substances and make it harder to quit, resulting in a positive feedback loop that maintains both conditions. Clinicians should assess patients for chronic pain and address it during treatment to help them manage withdrawal and develop healthier coping strategies.

SourceBinghamton University·JournalAnnual Review of Clinical Psychology·DateJan 14, 2019
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Where is George? Ask this software to look at the crowd

A new software, idtracker.ai, can identify up to 150 individual fish with high accuracy, extracting valuable data for understanding group behavior. The AI-powered system uses deep learning neural networks and conventional algorithms to recognize unique features of each zebrafish.

SourceChampalimaud Centre for the Unknown·JournalNature Methods·DateJan 14, 2019

Experiments detect entropy production in mesoscopic quantum systems

Experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates and optomechanical cavities reveal an increase in irreversibility due to quantum fluctuations. This counterintuitive discovery challenges current understanding of entropy production.

SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateJan 14, 2019

Sugary stent eases suturing of blood vessels

Researchers have developed a stent with a sugar-based coating that can facilitate faster and more precise suturing of blood vessels. The stent, designed using 3D printing technology, was tested on pig arteries and showed significant improvements in surgical time and accuracy.

SourceUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln·JournalAdvanced Healthcare Materials·DateJan 14, 2019
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Double star system flips planet-forming disk into pole position

Researchers discovered a double star system with a planet-forming disc that orbits at right angles to the binary star orbit, challenging traditional theories. The finding suggests that misaligned circumbinary planets may exist and could have unique seasonal variations.

SourceUniversity of Warwick·JournalNature Astronomy·DateJan 14, 2019

TGF-beta pathway protects against uterine cancer

Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered that the TGF-beta signaling pathway acts as a tumor-suppressor mechanism in the uterus, preventing endometrial overgrowth and transformation into cancer cells. This finding suggests potential new treatments for uterine cancer patients.

SourceBaylor College of Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Demi Lovato's overdose causes surge in media, but few mentions of lifesaving hotline

A new study found that despite high engagement with media coverage of Demi Lovato's overdose, few Americans mentioned the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) national helpline. The study analyzed news reports, tweets, and searches following Lovato's hospitalization in 2018 and Anthony Bourdain's suicide i...

SourceJohns Hopkins University·JournalJAMA Internal Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019
Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm)

Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm) tracks health metrics and safety alerts during long observing sessions, fieldwork, and remote expeditions.

Recalling happy memories during adolescence can reduce risk of depression

New research from the University of Cambridge suggests that recalling positive experiences can reduce vulnerability to depression in young people. The study found that remembering specific positive memories was associated with fewer negative self-related thoughts and lower levels of cortisol, indicating improved resilience against stress.

SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalNature Human Behaviour·DateJan 14, 2019

UCI/JPL study: Antarctica losing six times more ice mass annually now than 40 years ago

A UCI/JPL study found Antarctica losing six times more ice mass annually now than 40 years ago, resulting in a half-inch rise in global sea levels. The accelerated melting is attributed to climate change and warm ocean water, with East Antarctica contributing significantly to the total ice mass loss.

SourceUniversity of California - Irvine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

DNA origami: A precise measuring tool for optimal antibody effectiveness

Scientists have developed a precise measuring tool using DNA origami to optimize antibody effectiveness, with distances of approximately 16 nanometres providing the strongest bond. This technology can help better understand the immune response and design more effective antibodies for vaccines and immunotherapy.

SourceKarolinska Institutet·JournalNature Nanotechnology·DateJan 14, 2019
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

Genetic risk for atypical heart attack in women identified

A new study has found a genetic factor on chromosome 6 that increases the risk of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), a rare and atypical form of heart attack primarily affecting young to middle-aged women. The genetic variant, known as rs9349379, is also associated with a small protective effect from classic heart attacks.

SourceUniversity of Leicester·JournalJournal of the American College of Cardiology·DateJan 14, 2019

DNA tool allows you to trace your ancient ancestry

Researchers developed a new concept called Ancient Ancestry Informative Markers (aAIMs) that can accurately identify and classify ancient populations. The tool enables testing of an individual's similarity to ancient people from various regions, providing insights into their primeval origins.

SourceUniversity of Sheffield·JournalGenes·DateJan 14, 2019

Origin of date palms

Date palms in North Africa exhibit mixed ancestry due to hybridization with P. theophrasti from Crete, influencing 18% of their genome. Researchers sequenced genomes of 71 cultivars and five wild relatives to uncover this origin story.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019
Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C)

Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C) provide clear calls and strong noise reduction for interviews, conferences, and noisy field environments.

The duration and quality of sleep is of vital importance in cardiovascular health

The study found that participants who slept less than six hours were 27% more likely to have atherosclerosis compared to those who slept seven to eight hours. Poor quality sleep also increased the risk of atherosclerosis, with participants waking during the night or experiencing frequent movements during sleep being at higher risk.

SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P.)·JournalJournal of the American College of Cardiology·DateJan 14, 2019

Breakthrough in organic electronics

Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have discovered a simple tweak that could double the efficiency of organic electronics. Double-doping polymers allows semiconductors to become twice as effective, enabling improvements in technologies like OLED displays and solar cells.

SourceChalmers University of Technology·JournalNature Materials·DateJan 14, 2019

Fears over life-saving drug unfounded, finds review

A systematic review of naltrexone found no evidence of serious side effects, contradicting common doctor concerns. The study also highlights the drug's cost-effectiveness and potential to reduce deaths from alcohol-related causes, which remain underutilized due to cultural and prescription biases.

SourceUniversity of Manchester·JournalBMC Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019

American College of Physicians releases new edition of Ethics Manual

The American College of Physicians has released a new edition of its Ethics Manual, providing guidance on complex issues in medicine. The updated manual covers topics such as precision medicine, genetic testing, telemedicine, and end-of-life care, offering practical advice for clinicians, educators, researchers, and policymakers.

SourceAmerican College of Physicians·JournalAnnals of Internal Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019
GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter

GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter logs beta, gamma, and X-ray levels for environmental monitoring, training labs, and safety demonstrations.

Anticancer drug candidate inhibits lethal aggregation of mutant tumor suppressor protein

Researchers discovered that PRIMA-1 reverses mutant p53 aggregate accumulation, leading to the restoration of native protein function. The compound's potential as an anticancer drug is highlighted by its phase II clinical trials and positive results in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines.

SourceInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (INBEB)·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·DateJan 14, 2019

A new twist on a mesmerizing story

Researchers at ETH Zurich found that most angular momentum is transferred to the lattice during ultrafast demagnetization, twisting the sample as magnetization rapidly decreases. The discovery offers guidance for technological applications of ultrafast optical switching.

SourceETH Zurich Department of Physics·JournalNature·DateJan 14, 2019
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

New immune system understanding may lead to safer nanomedicines

Scientists have identified natural antibodies within protein corona that trigger immune system response to nanoparticles. Depleting these antibodies reduces complement system activation, enabling safe delivery of cancer-fighting drugs and imaging agents.

SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalNature Nanotechnology·DateJan 14, 2019

UCI-led study reveals how fasting can improve overall health

A UCI-led study reveals that fasting affects circadian clocks in the liver and skeletal muscle, rewiring metabolism for improved health. Fasting-driven cellular responses prime the genome for new gene expression patterns, suggesting optimal timed fasting could benefit health.

SourceUniversity of California - Irvine·JournalCell Reports·DateJan 14, 2019

Researchers discover common markers of tumor hypoxia across 19 cancer types

A recent study analyzed over 8,000 human tumors and discovered common molecular hallmarks of low oxygen levels, which can predict cancer aggressiveness and inform treatment decisions. The findings provide new insights into the complex relationship between hypoxia, genetic changes, and tumor evolution.

SourceOntario Institute for Cancer Research·JournalNature Reviews Genetics·DateJan 14, 2019

Study finds the circuits that may help you keep your cool

Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute have discovered a neural circuit in the locus coeruleus (LC) that helps moderate brain activity and maintain calm. The circuit involves connections between neurons releasing GABA and noradrenaline, which work together to regulate arousal levels.

SourcePicower Institute at MIT·JournalNature Neuroscience·DateJan 14, 2019
AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope

AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope supports teaching labs and QA checks with LED illumination, mechanical stage, and included 5MP camera.

Emotion regulation and academic success

Low-income students outperformed their high-income peers when given exercises to regulate negative emotions before biology tests. Emotion-regulation exercises improved exam performance and increased passing rates among low-income students.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

A new study shows that wine experts differ by geographic region

A new study reveals that wine experts in Canada have distinct opinions on wine quality, influenced by their geographic location and education background. The research found that Montreal wine experts detected more acidity and bitterness, while Okanagan panelists preferred wines with spicy aromas.

SourceConcordia University·JournalJournal of Wine Research·DateJan 14, 2019

Marine bacterium sheds light on control of toxic metals

A marine bacterium has discovered a novel ferritin mechanism to control toxic metals, producing an enhanced ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species. This process is unique among known ferritins and holds promise for future engineered biocatalysts in drug development.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Researchers develop comprehensive new way to predict breast cancer risk

Researchers developed a new way to predict breast cancer risk by combining genetics, family history, weight, age at menopause, alcohol consumption, and hormone replacement therapy. The online calculator can identify different risk groups and inform tailored screening and preventative therapy.

SourceCancer Research UK·JournalGenetics in Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019
GoPro HERO13 Black

GoPro HERO13 Black records stabilized 5.3K video for instrument deployments, field notes, and outreach, even in harsh weather and underwater conditions.

Political ideology and minority accomplishments

Researchers found that liberals are more likely to publicize the achievements of minorities, including women and black individuals. The study suggests a link between political ideology and the amplification of minority accomplishments, highlighting differences in liberal and conservative Twitter posts and panel preferences.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Sexual minorities more likely to suffer severe substance use disorders

Researchers at the University of Michigan found that bisexual individuals and those unsure of their sexual identities are at greatest risk for substance abuse. Those who identified as lesbian or gay were also over twice as likely to have a severe alcohol or tobacco use disorder compared to heterosexuals.

SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalLGBT Health·DateJan 14, 2019

Nebraska leads $11 million study to develop radiation exposure drugs

The University of Nebraska is leading a $11 million study to develop drug therapies protecting military service members from radiation exposure. The project, in collaboration with the Department of Defense, aims to identify and develop therapeutic candidates that can prevent and counteract radiation effects.

SourceUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln·DateJan 14, 2019

What happens when bombs explode?

Engineers at the University of Sheffield are developing more effective bomb protection systems by studying explosions in detail. The project aims to provide a better understanding of blast loading and its effects on structures, enabling the design of safer buildings and materials.

SourceUniversity of Sheffield·DateJan 14, 2019
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

Bike share programs show infrequent helmet use, little disparity among neighborhoods

A new study by University of Washington researchers found that free-floating bike share programs in Seattle have low helmet usage, with only 20% of riders wearing helmets. The study also showed that bikes were available in all neighborhoods across economic and racial lines, but more bikes were located in affluent areas.

SourceUniversity of Washington·JournalJournal of Community Health·DateJan 14, 2019

Life-threatening lung disease averted in experimental models

A new study published in Nature Immunology has identified a new type of immune cell that infiltrates lung tissue and initiates fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The researchers were able to prevent fibrosis in mouse models by targeting these cells for destruction, which may lead to new treatments for this terminal illness.

SourceUniversity of California - San Francisco·JournalNature Immunology·DateJan 14, 2019
Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition

Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition is a durable star atlas for planning sessions, identifying targets, and teaching celestial navigation.

Terrestrial ancestors of winged insects

A study reveals that winged insects likely evolved from a ground-dwelling common ancestor with long antennae and segmented abdominal appendages. The findings suggest that wings did not evolve in aquatic environments, but rather for aerial descent, as the ancestral Pterygota species returned to life on the ground.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Memory of last meal influences when, how much rats eat next

Researchers found that inhibiting pyramidal neurons in the dorsal or ventral hippocampus after a meal caused rats to start their next meal sooner and consume more food. This study suggests boosting meal memories could help regulate future eating behavior.

SourceSociety for Neuroscience·JournaleNeuro·DateJan 14, 2019

Researchers gain control over soft-molecule synthesis

Researchers at the University of Illinois gained control over soft-molecule synthesis, enabling them to probe how shape, size, and composition influence function in soft materials. This breakthrough could lead to advances in virology, drug delivery development, and new material creation.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Science of science communication

Articles explore interdisciplinary projects on climate change, automated vehicles, and misinformation, with recommendations for responsible science communication

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019
Meta Quest 3 512GB

Meta Quest 3 512GB enables immersive mission planning, terrain rehearsal, and interactive STEM demos with high-resolution mixed-reality experiences.

Chance of depression in new doctors depends on where they train

A new survey of first-year internal medicine residents found that those in programs with longer hours, less faculty mentoring, and more research focus had higher depression scores. The study suggests that institutions and residency programs play a critical role in resident mental health.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalAcademic Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019

The orderly chaos of black holes

Researchers discovered that photons emitted during black hole creation appear to be disordered, yet highly ordered within short time slices. This contradicts theories of either complete polarization or randomness, presenting new challenges for understanding the birth environment of black holes.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Astronomy·DateJan 14, 2019

FDA approves scalpel-free treatment for Parkinson's disease tremor

The FDA has approved focused ultrasound treatment for reducing medication-resistant Parkinson's disease tremors, allowing doctors to perform brain surgery without cutting into the skull. Researchers are now exploring its potential for treating other conditions, including breast cancer and epilepsy.

SourceUniversity of Virginia Health System·DateJan 14, 2019

Long-acting contraceptive designed to be self-administered via microneedle patch

A new long-acting contraceptive designed for self-administration via microneedle patch technology has shown promise in animal testing, providing a therapeutic level of contraception for over a month with a single application. The experimental patch uses biodegradable polymers to slowly release the contraceptive hormone levonorgestrel.

SourceGeorgia Institute of Technology·JournalNature Biomedical Engineering·DateJan 14, 2019

A little weed may change the teenage brain

A study of 14-year-olds from Ireland, England, France, and Germany found increased volume of brain regions in teenagers who reported limited cannabis use. The researchers identified associations between increased grey matter volume and assessments of reasoning and anxiety.

SourceSociety for Neuroscience·DateJan 14, 2019
Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

Teen brain volume changes with small amount of cannabis use, study finds

A new study finds that even a small amount of cannabis use by teenagers is linked to differences in their brains, including increased gray matter volume in areas involved in emotion and memory development. The researchers also ruled out pre-existing brain differences or personality traits as possible explanations for the findings.

SourceLarner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont·DateJan 14, 2019

Scientists connect dots between colitis and colon cancer

A study published in Cell Reports reveals a critical connection between chronic inflammation and the development of colon cancer. Researchers found that persistent inflammation leads to increased levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and interleukin-10, which ultimately silence tumor suppressors and contribute to cancer growth.

SourceMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University·JournalCell Reports·DateJan 14, 2019
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) runs demanding GIS, imaging, and annotation workflows on the go for surveys, briefings, and lab notebooks.

Blood-brain barrier breakdown an early driver of dementia, USC study says

A new USC study found that blood-brain barrier breakdown is an early driver of dementia, with leaky capillaries in the brain signaling cognitive impairment before hallmark toxic proteins appear. The study suggests new targets for drugs to slow down or prevent dementia's onset.

SourceUniversity of Southern California·JournalNature Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019

Researchers catalog defects that give 2D materials amazing properties

The researchers have produced a catalog of exact sizes and shapes of holes that form in 2-D sheets when atoms are missing from the material's crystal lattice. This new catalog could help open up various potential applications, including filtration, chemical processing, DNA sequencing and quantum computing.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalNature Materials·DateJan 14, 2019

Drug hobbles deadly liver cancer by stifling protein production

Researchers develop a novel approach to target aggressive liver cancer by inhibiting protein production, leaving healthy cells unharmed. The study shows promising results using a genetic approach and a drug that directly inhibits translation, slowing tumor growth and blocking immune evasion.

SourceUniversity of California - San Francisco·JournalNature Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019
CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock

CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock simplifies serious desks with 18 ports for high-speed storage, monitors, and instruments across Mac and PC setups.

Gypsy moth genome reveals potential insights for pest control

A study of the European gypsy moth genome found divergent proteins involved in muscle development, which may affect flight. The research also identified altered gene expression in response to viral infections, suggesting new avenues for biological control.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Pore size influences nature of complex nanostructures

Cornell chemists found that pores in two-dimensional molecular building blocks fundamentally change van der Waals forces, altering nanostructure assembly. The study provides new insight into self-assembly and design of complex nanostructures with diverse functionalities.

SourceCornell University·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateJan 14, 2019

WSU smart home tests first elder care robot

The Robot Activity Support System (RAS) uses sensors in a WSU smart home to detect elderly residents' needs and provide assistance with daily activities. RAS can navigate, offer video instructions and lead owners to objects needed.

SourceWashington State University·JournalCognitive Systems Research·DateJan 14, 2019

Complication rates and costs of invasive lung cancer diagnostic tests may be higher than anticipated

A new study found that complication rates following invasive lung cancer diagnostic tests are twice as high in the community setting compared to clinical trials, with associated downstream costs of $6,320 to $56,845 on average. The researchers emphasize the need for sharing risks with patients considering lung cancer screening.

SourceUniversity of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center·JournalJAMA Internal Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

Understanding physics could lead to big gains in shale oil recovery

Oil companies can tap into vast sums of recoverable oil in unconventional reservoirs by adopting new methods that account for the unique physics found at these formations. By focusing on diffusion rather than pressure differences, researchers estimate that recoveries can be increased by two to three times.

SourcePenn State·JournalSociety of Petroleum Engineers Journal·DateJan 14, 2019
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

Intestinal bacteria from healthy infants prevent food allergy

Researchers found that healthy infant gut microbes protect against cow's milk allergy when transplanted into mice, while those from allergic infants caused an allergic reaction. A specific bacterial species, Anaerostipes caccae, was identified as the protector against allergic responses.

SourceUniversity of Chicago Medical Center·JournalNature Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019

Sleeping less than six hours a night may increase cardiovascular risk

A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology suggests that sleeping less than six hours a night may increase cardiovascular disease risk. Participants who slept poorly were 34% more likely to have atherosclerosis compared to those with good quality sleep.

SourceAmerican College of Cardiology·JournalJournal of the American College of Cardiology·DateJan 14, 2019

Study examines the course of back pain over time

A Canadian population study tracked back pain patterns over 16 years, identifying four trajectories: persistent, developing, recovery, and occasional. The persistent and developing groups had more pain and disability, while the recovery group increased opioid use.

SourceWiley·JournalArthritis Care & Research·DateJan 14, 2019
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

Antarctic ice sheet could suffer a one-two climate punch

The Antarctic Ice Sheet's growth and decay are linked to changes in obliquity and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Loss of sea ice could amplify the effects of Earth's astronomical motions on the ice sheet's stability.

SourceUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison·JournalNature Geoscience·DateJan 14, 2019

Salk scientists uncover the health effects of metabolic 'magic bullet' protein

Researchers have developed a new model to study the health effects of metabolic protein AMPK, revealing its potential as a treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and other diseases. By activating AMPK in mice with fatty liver disease, scientists found that it lowered liver fat and protected against weight gain and obesity.

SourceSalk Institute·JournalCell Reports·DateJan 14, 2019

The 17 different ways your face conveys happiness

Researchers identified 17 unique facial expressions that convey happiness across cultures, while finding only 8 universal expressions for other emotions like fear and surprise. The study used a dataset of over 7.2 million images from 31 countries to confirm the findings.

SourceOhio State University·JournalIEEE Transactions on Affective Computing·DateJan 14, 2019
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Honey bee parasites feed on fatty organs, not blood

Researchers challenge long-standing assumption about varroa mites' diet; find they feed on fat body tissue, essential to honey bees' survival. This discovery could lead to more effective mite treatments and improved bee nutrition.

SourceUniversity of Maryland·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Research finds serious problems with forensic software

Researchers at North Carolina State University and the University of South Florida found significant flaws in forensic software DXAGE, which estimates age-at-death based on bone mineral density. The software's accuracy was off by an average of 14.25 years for women who died between 30s and 70s.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalJournal of Forensic Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

A microbial hot spring in your basement

A nationwide study found microbes in about half of homes, with a single species dominating all positive samples. Despite their presence, the microbes pose no health concerns and remain safe to drink. The discovery highlights the widespread colonization of water heaters by extremophiles in domestic environments.

SourcePenn State·JournalExtremophiles·DateJan 14, 2019

Study: 'Post-normal' science requires unorthodox communication strategies

A new report highlights the need for effective communication in addressing 'post-normal' science technologies, such as gene drives, which pose a challenge to science journalists. The technology has the potential to reduce malaria deaths but also raises concerns about safety and regulation.

SourceUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Antarctic ice dynamics and sea level rise

The Antarctic Ice Sheet has experienced a significant increase in mass loss over the past four decades, with West Antarctica being the primary contributor. The estimated rate of mass loss increased from 40 Gt/yr in the 1980s to over 250 Gt/yr in the 2010s.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Aquifer hydrogeology and salamander biodiversity

A study analyzing 303 Texas salamanders found that complex aquifer hydrogeology drives population divergence and speciation. The authors predict that Edwards-Trinity Eurycea may become extinct within 100 years due to habitat loss from groundwater depletion.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

The secret to Rembrandt's impasto unveiled

Researchers discovered plumbonacrite, a rare ingredient in historic paint layers, responsible for Rembrandt's unique impasto effect. The study uses advanced X-ray techniques to analyze tiny fragments from masterpieces and provides a path for long-term preservation and conservation.

SourceEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility·JournalAngewandte Chemie·DateJan 14, 2019

3,000-year-old eastern North American quinoa discovered in Ontario

Archaeologists have discovered a mass of charred seeds in Brantford, Ontario, dating back to 900 B.C., identified as ancient quinoa native to Eastern North America. The finding sheds light on the cultural exchange and agricultural practices of Indigenous peoples in the region.

SourceUniversity of Toronto·JournalAmerican Antiquity·DateJan 14, 2019

Hindering melanoma metastasis with an FDA-approved drug

Researchers identified an FDA-approved drug, resperine, that hampers metastasis in animal models by disrupting the uptake of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles by healthy cells. This process prevents cancer cells from seeding and thriving in distant tissues. Resperine's success suggests a potential anti-metastatic therapy strategy.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania·JournalCancer Cell·DateJan 14, 2019

5,000 times faster than a computer

Scientists have created a new way to generate electricity using light, which operates at speeds 5,000 times faster than current computers. The 'interatomic light rectifier' uses the interaction between atoms to produce directed electric currents.

SourceForschungsverbund Berlin·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateJan 14, 2019

Tennessee scientist named Extension Cotton Specialist of the Year

Tyson Raper, a University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture assistant professor, was honored as the 2019 Beltwide Extension Cotton Specialist of the Year. He has led the university's education and research efforts involving cotton production, working closely with producers and industry groups.

SourceUniversity of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture·DateJan 14, 2019

Early child deprivation and neglect impair memory and executive functioning at age 16

A long-term study of institutionalized children in Romanian found that those who experienced early deprivation and neglect had impaired memory and executive functioning by age 16. However, when placed early in quality foster homes, these difficulties diminished, suggesting a critical role of caregiving environments in child development.

SourceBoston Children's Hospital·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Cilia beat to an unexpected rhythm in male reproductive tract, study in mice reveals

Researchers discovered that cilia in the efferent ductules of male reproductive tract agitate sperm to prevent aggregation and promote transport. The study's findings have significant translational potential for developing new methods to help patients with infertility.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

3D printed implant promotes nerve cell growth to treat spinal cord injury

Researchers created a 3D printed scaffold that mimicked natural anatomy and boosted stem cell-based treatment for spinal cord injuries. The implants supported tissue regrowth, stem cell survival, and axon outgrowth in rats, leading to significant functional motor improvement.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalNature Medicine·DateJan 14, 2019

Doing more with less

Researchers at University of Freiburg discover that reducing cell number in MSC clusters activates intrinsic differentiation program, prompting cartilage cell formation. Cell membrane proteins Caveolin-1 and N-Cadherin play key role in chondrogenic differentiation.

SourceUniversity of Freiburg·JournalStem Cell Research & Therapy·DateJan 14, 2019

A comprehensive metabolic map for production of bio-based chemicals

A KAIST team presents a detailed analysis of metabolic engineering routes and optimal synthetic pathways for producing various industrial bio-based chemicals. The comprehensive metabolic map charts all available strategies and pathways, serving as a blueprint for the production of interest from renewable resources.

SourceThe Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)·JournalNature Catalysis·DateJan 14, 2019

Readiness for first sex is about more than age for many young Britons

Research finds that nearly half of young Britons don't feel ready for their first sexual experience, regardless of age. The study highlights the need for a more nuanced approach to addressing this milestone, taking into account factors such as partnership stability and communication skills.

SourceBMJ Group·JournalBMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health·DateJan 14, 2019

Researchers report breakthrough in ice-repelling materials

Researchers have created a new material capable of repelling ice from any surface using elastic energy localization. Testing shows it is mechanically durable, unaffected by ultraviolet rays and requires minimal force to cause cracks that slough off the ice. The coating can last for over 10 years without needing reapplication.

SourceUniversity of Houston·JournalMaterials Horizons·DateJan 14, 2019

Institutionalization and cognitive development

Research highlights long-term cognitive deficits in children from institutions, but benefits observed with foster care; gaps persist despite intervention. Cognitive improvements seen in visual-spatial memory among placed-in-foster-care children.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Study shows vitamin D supplements are of no benefit to the over 70s

A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that vitamin D supplements have no significant impact on bone mineral density or falls among older adults. However, higher doses may improve bone metabolism and be safe for those over 70.

SourceNewcastle University·JournalAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition·DateJan 14, 2019

Diving deeper into developmental dyslexia

New research reveals structural changes in lower and higher brain structures in individuals with dyslexia, including reduced connectivity between the thalamus and auditory cortex. This study broadens our understanding of dyslexia, a common learning disability, to include alterations in brain structure.

SourceSociety for Neuroscience·DateJan 14, 2019

Breast cancer cells in mice tricked into turning into fat cells

Researchers successfully converted invasive breast cancer cells in mice into harmless fat cells using two FDA-approved drugs, suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. This breakthrough could potentially deplete a tumor's ability to fight off conventional chemotherapy.

SourceCell Press·JournalCancer Cell·DateJan 14, 2019

Suicide risk more than quadruples for people with cancer

A study of over 8.6 million cancer patients found that white males, younger patients, and those with specific types of cancer were more likely to commit suicide. The researchers aim to identify high-risk patients to tailor treatments and develop survivorship programs.

SourcePenn State·JournalNature Communications·DateJan 14, 2019

Pain perception across species

Research using rodents and human participants reveals gamma band oscillations as a reliable predictor of individual pain sensitivity. This finding suggests that brain activity patterns can distinguish between varying degrees of pain tolerance across species.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 14, 2019

Physical activity, any type or amount, cuts health risk from sitting

A new study found that swapping 30 minutes of sitting for any type of physical activity reduces the risk of early death by up to 35%. The researchers also discovered that short bursts of activity and taking regular movement breaks can have a significant health benefit.

SourceColumbia University Irving Medical Center·JournalAmerican Journal of Epidemiology·DateJan 14, 2019

MANF identified as a rejuvenating factor in parabiosis

Researchers from the Buck Institute report that MANF regulates metabolism and immune response, and replenishing it shows promise as an anti-aging treatment. MANF deficiency has hallmarks of age-related diseases, including inflammation and liver damage.

SourceBuck Institute for Research on Aging·JournalNature Metabolism·DateJan 14, 2019