Death rates from drug poisoning in American adolescents and young adults rose significantly over the last decade, mainly fueled by opioid-related deaths. The estimated costs of these deaths were $27.1 million in medical costs, $8.5 billion in work loss costs, and $26.5 billion for quality-of-life loss in 2015.
A recent study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that the prevalence of physician-patient discussions about lung cancer screening is very low and declining. In 2017, only 4.3% of the general population discussed lung cancer screening with their doctor, compared to 8.7% among current smokers in 2012.
The new focusing system overcomes the space charge effect, allowing for improved resolution and brighter diffraction data. The team's advanced design uses quadrupole magnets to tune the electron beam, enabling on-the-fly adjustments and optimal beam quality.
A new study found that consuming a nutrient-rich plant-based diet may help protect against chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Participants with the highest adherence to a healthy plant-based diet had a lower risk of developing CKD compared to those with low adherence.
Researchers identified insulin as a primary signal that helps communicate meal timing to the body clock, driving daily physiological rhythms. This discovery could lead to new therapies targeting insulin signaling and emphasize the importance of meal timing for maintaining healthy body clocks.
Researchers analyzed 82 studies on working memory mechanisms in adults of different age groups. Meta-analyses showed that brain function decreases agreement with aging, suggesting functional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex. This changes may be a sign of compensatory function or increased variability in older adults.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum found that administering cortisol after exposure therapy does not reinforce positive outcomes in anxiety disorders. The study, which tested arachnophobics, showed that patients who received cortisol were more likely to relapse when encountering a spider in a different context.
Researchers found STEVE's source region in space and identified two mechanisms that cause it, with the reddish arc caused by heating of charged particles higher up in the atmosphere. The picket fence is powered by energetic electrons streaming from space thousands of kilometers above Earth, creating a unique aurora-like phenomenon.
A study by West Virginia University researchers found that fear of arrest is a major barrier to obtaining clean needles and safely disposing of used ones. Nearly three-fourths of respondents cited this concern, highlighting the need for clearer laws on syringe possession and exchange programs.
Researchers have identified several classes of adipocyte progenitor cells that give rise to fat tissue in mice and humans. The discovery provides insight into the complex mechanisms underlying fat tissue formation and highlights the importance of targeted approaches to prevent metabolic diseases.
Researchers found that pericyte transplantation can facilitate full regrowth of muscle fibers in skeletal muscle following limb immobilization. Pericytes play a crucial role in regulating muscle mass, particularly in the context of recovery from disuse atrophy.
Researchers have created a new method of ice removal using materials designed with low interfacial toughness, reducing the amount of force required for detachment. This approach can be applied to large surfaces like wind-turbine blades and airplane wings, minimizing catastrophic failure.
A roadside survey found that nearly one in seven drivers with children in the car tested positive for THC, highlighting the need for better roadside testing for THC. The study also showed that drivers with children were less likely to test positive for THC than those without children.
RIT Professor Grover Swartzlander is receiving a Phase II award from NASA's NIAC program to explore the feasibility of diffractive solar sails. Diffractive solar sails could be more efficient and withstand the heat of the sun better than traditional reflective sails.
A team of scientists has uncovered the unique set of genes that keep some cancer cells dormant, which may reveal new therapeutic targets for multiple myeloma and other cancers. The study found that dormant cancer cells have a similar transcriptome signature to immune cells but are only 'switched on' when located next to osteoblasts.
A new study reveals that charged particles can emit bright flashes of gamma rays by interacting with the quantum vacuum, challenging a long-held assumption about the nature of empty space. The researchers used high-powered lasers and strong magnetic fields to create conditions where Cherenkov emission could occur in vacuum.
Scientists will study Uranus and Neptune's poorly understood regions with greater accuracy using a new, improved net flux radiometer. The instrument, developed for NASA's Planetary Concepts for the Advancement of Solar System Observations program, features thermopile sensors and seven infrared channels to measure heat.
According to a new study, managers with empathy, integrity, and trustworthiness see increased productivity and positive team dynamics. Servant leaders prioritize staff development, creating loyal and empowered teams.
A new University of Connecticut study found that human activity influences the gut microbiota and body mass of Darwin's finches in the Galapagos. Researchers studied over 100 female finches and discovered that those living near humans had different gut bacteria communities, leading to changes in their physical characteristics.
Researchers have cataloged over 200,000 ocean viruses, expanding our understanding of their impact on the environment and climate change. The study found high viral diversity in the Arctic Ocean, which may serve as an 'unrecognized cradle' of biodiversity.
Global ocean wind speeds and wave heights have increased slightly over the last three decades, according to a new study. The analysis of satellite data spanning thirty years confirms small but significant increases in extreme conditions, particularly in the Southern Ocean.
Researchers at PSI have produced the most detailed image to date of a type of membrane protein involved in signal transmission. They discovered that this protein inhibits itself, preventing overproduction of cAMP, an important secondary messenger in cell signaling.
Researchers have discovered that injecting cells called pericytes into muscles depleted by inactivity can help restore lost muscle mass. The treatment showed significant improvement in muscle recovery compared to those who regained mobility without injections, particularly in older adults and disabled individuals.
Researchers identified six factors associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer recurrence after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosis. These factors include African-American race, premenopausal status, and high histological grade. The study's findings aim to reduce overtreatment of low-risk DCIS cases.
Stroke survivors are at up to four times greater risk of osteoporosis, bone breaks, and falls. Despite this, less than one-third of older women in the US are screened for osteoporosis.
The number of gonorrhoea cases in the EU/EEA has risen by 17% in 2017, with over 240 cases per day, largely due to antibiotic resistance. The majority of cases are reported among men who have sex with men, and women are increasingly affected as well.
Researchers have developed a new method to demonstrate liquid-like electron behavior in graphene, allowing for more accurate observation of hydrodynamic flow. This could lead to conduction with reduced energy loss and faster low-power devices.
Chemical engineers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a system that mimics feeding, fighting, and fleeing responses in microbial particles. The system uses catalyst-coated sheets to create chemical gradients, allowing particles to respond to their environment and interact with each other.
Regular exercise increases antioxidant protein expression in skeletal muscle, driven by the cooperative action of p62 and Nrf2. Enhanced muscle contractility activates p62, leading to increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity.
Researchers studied over 8,000 genes and proteins in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients, finding abnormal DNA folding and gene activity. This discovery could improve understanding of hyperdiploid childhood leukaemia and develop more effective treatments.
The WINTHER trial successfully matched personalized therapy to 35% of patients with advanced cancer, showing improved overall survival for those with a high degree of matching. The trial's strategy employed RNA expression testing to tailor treatment based on gene expression differences between tumors and normal tissues.
Researchers reviewed 60 years of dengue literature to identify trends and knowledge gaps in the Philippines. The study found that the number of dengue publications increased, but there are still gaps in basic laboratory research and newer intervention measures.
Researchers at the George Washington University found dermcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, is downregulated in hidradenitis suppurativa skin, suggesting its role in disease pathogenesis. The study suggests multiple biological pathways are disrupted in HS, warranting further investigation into new therapeutic options.
Researchers found that viewers who watched the entire second season of '13 Reasons Why' were less likely to report recent self-harm and thoughts of ending their lives compared to those who didn't watch at all. Young adults, particularly students, showed increased risk for future suicide when watching only part of the series.
Invasive alien tree Prosopis juliflora has had devastating effects on the Afar Region of north eastern Ethiopia, causing losses in ecosystem service values estimated at US $602 million. The study found that the weed spread rapidly, leading to a decline in grassland and bush-shrub-woodland areas.
A new study using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope confirms the universe is expanding about 9% faster than expected. The measurements, published April 25 in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, strengthen the cosmic distance ladder and calculate the Hubble constant with increased precision.
Researchers identified vulnerabilities in AML cells with IDH mutation, allowing for a therapeutic strategy. A combination of drugs already used for another type of leukemia proved effective against this subset of AML in both human and mouse models.
Three Rochester Prep High School seniors, working in the RIT Genomics Lab, isolated and genetically sequenced a Yimella bacterium that produces antibiotic compounds against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The discovery is significant in addressing antibiotic resistance, a growing concern worldwide.
A new research paper proposes an alternative technology - renewable electrosynthesis - to replace fossil fuels in the production of chemicals, plastics, clothing, and fertilizers. The process uses CO2 from the air, renewable electricity, and innovative catalysts to create carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative products.
Researchers from James Cook University analyzed 40,000-year-old bat faeces for clues about the landscape's past biodiversity. The study supports the corridor theory, suggesting a savanna corridor divided the former continent of Sundaland.
Researchers at Tufts University have created a computational model that explains how fragments of flatworms determine which end should form a tail and which should form a head. The model predicts the outcomes of genetic, pharmacological, and surgical manipulations, such as worms with two heads or two tails.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a process to use magnetics with brain-like networks to program and teach devices to better generalize about different objects. The technology has the potential to improve object recognition tasks, enabling robots to distinguish between thousands of products in a store.
The UMBC program has been successfully replicated at two other institutions, demonstrating its model's extraordinary impact. Students from underrepresented groups in STEM showed significant gains in GPAs and retention rates, while overall student outcomes improved.
A study found that individuals with lower socioeconomic status faced more severe financial hardships during the Great Recession, including loss of a home or bankruptcy. The researchers also discovered widening socioeconomic disparities in economic distress, even before the recession occurred.
Researchers found elevated ozone levels 30-50% higher than baseline conditions in the Amazon rainforest downwind of the city. Human activities release nitrogen oxides and VOCs that mix with plant-emitted gases, producing chemicals affecting regional air quality and climate.
Disinformation campaigns targeting American citizens during the 2016 election and other countries' efforts to spread fake news highlight the need for a psychological approach. Researchers propose using online games, emotional dampening tools and addressing political conditions to combat disinformation.
A wearable system developed at KAUST can detect glucose and lactate levels in sweat, providing insights into blood sugar problems and oxygen deficiencies. The device uses a stretchy patch with MXene-based electrodes that can be repeatedly swapped out for improved detection accuracy.
Tropical Cyclone Lorna appears to be consolidating and strengthening with a more circular shape, according to NASA data from the Suomi NPP satellite. The storm is expected to move southeast while reaching hurricane strength, before becoming extra-tropical after three days.
A small study found that cilostazol and isosorbide mononitrate treatments were safe for patients with strokes caused by damaged small blood vessels. The drugs may help improve blood vessel function and potentially reduce the risk of stroke and vascular dementia.
Researchers have discovered a protein, YTHDF2, that plays a key role in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but not in healthy blood cells. This discovery holds promise for novel treatments with fewer side effects than current chemotherapy.
Professor Keith Mathieson's appointment will enhance his research into technologies interfacing with the brain to advance treatments for brain disorders, dementia, and sight loss. He aims to develop a retinal prosthetic device capable of restoring near-normal vision to patients with degenerative retinal conditions.
Mosquitoes repel from DEET on contact when legs come into contact with skin, according to a recent study. This discovery could lead to the development of more effective and longer-lasting insect repellents.
A global survey of ocean viruses has identified nearly 200,000 species, exceeding prior estimates by 13,000. The findings have significant implications for understanding climate change, evolution, and the impact of microorganisms on the atmosphere.
Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) leaders Adam L. Hamilton and Alan Stern will be inducted into the University of Texas at Austin's Academy of Distinguished Alumni. Dr. Norm Abramson, a retired SwRI Executive Vice President, also received recognition for his outstanding achievements.
Researchers analyzed colon cancer proteins and genes, uncovering novel biological mechanisms and potential new therapeutic strategies. The study provides a systematic catalog of proteins produced by colon cancer tumors and adjacent normal tissues, including insights into unexpected gene behavior.
A study by Washington State University researchers found that college men who frequently attend parties or go to bars are more likely to be sexually aggressive compared to those who don't. The combination of alcohol and the setting where drinking takes place had a major impact on reported aggressive tactics used.
James Cook University scientists found that ignoring recovery between endurance and resistance training can impair endurance development. The team suggests prioritizing recovery periods and adjusting training variables such as intensity and volume to minimize fatigue between modes of training.
Researchers found that accounting for the grounding line's interaction with the solid earth reveals a delayed ice sheet collapse, slowing glacier retreat at major ice structures like Thwaites Glacier. This reduces sea level rise projections by over 25%. Fine-scale feedbacks improve predictions and guide future research.
Researchers at Harvard's John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have successfully transmitted data wirelessly using a semiconductor laser for the first time. The breakthrough enables the creation of ultra-high-speed Wi-Fi, paving the way for faster wireless communication.
A new genetic test accurately identified over 200 disease-causing gene variations in the Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite communities. The test could help reduce morbidity and mortality by detecting asymptomatic newborns with rare genetic disorders.