A large-scale study found that bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and deaths in individuals with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity. The study involved over 5,000 patients who underwent bariatric surgery compared to nearly 15,000 patients receiving usual medical care.
Researchers demonstrate a new type of compound synapse that can achieve synaptic weight programming and conduct vector-matrix multiplication, achieving accuracies up to five times those of conventional devices. The development uses atomically thin boron nitride memristors running in parallel for energy-efficient performance.
Two types of flash drought have been identified in China, Type I driven by high temperatures and evapotranspiration, while Type II is initiated by rainfall deficiency. Both types have increased significantly over the past 30 years, with a two-fold greater increase for Type I.
A recent study by the MAGNIMS Study Group provides new insights into the involvement of the hippocampus in multiple sclerosis, a neurodegenerative disease that affects cognition. The research suggests that modifying the hippocampus through aerobic exercise and memory retraining may be effective in improving cognitive outcomes for MS pa...
Researchers found that state pension plans pay higher external fees when they need to increase contributions, but these fees do not improve performance. Investing in a conventional portfolio would have eliminated up to 44% of unfunded liabilities and recouped around $4.2 billion
The Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health program supports junior faculty members Melanie Kornides and Jennifer Lewey to pursue research projects on sex differences and women's health. C. Alix Timko continues her second year of a BIRCWH-sponsored study on adolescent eating disorders.
Researchers found that people who believe GMOs are beneficial are less likely to support labeling of nano products, while those who distrust scientific authorities more favor labeling. The study aims to better inform shoppers' purchasing decisions and help businesses understand consumer views on emerging technologies.
A team of researchers analyzed seismic and acoustic data from US Navy explosions off the Florida coast to better understand the relationship between local magnitude and charge weight. They found that both types of data can be used to identify underwater explosions, with seismic signals providing clearer evidence.
Researchers found the Mekong River's incision in the Middle Miocene was caused by an intensification of the Asian monsoon, rather than tectonic forces. The study used thermochronology and landscape models to confirm synchronous downcutting along the river at 15-17 million years ago.
A study by the University of Exeter found that innuendo alone in news coverage can lead people to believe false information, spreading conspiracy theories. The research suggests that journalists should avoid including 'errant data' that may be misconstrued when there is uncertainty about facts.
The Brainstorm Project aims to develop a philosophical framework for government policy and regulations on brain organoid research. The two-year project, led by CWRU researcher Insoo Hyun, will bring together neuroscientists and bioethicists to explore emerging ethical issues in this rapidly advancing field.
The Cross-Linguistic Data Formats Initiative sets out proposed guidelines for a standardized format for linguistic databases, providing a software package, basic ontology, and usage examples. This initiative aims to standardize data formats to facilitate sharing and re-use of data in comparative linguistics.
A new study found that infants who viewed instruction with a peer showed better neural response and improved phonemic learning compared to those who watched alone. The researchers suggest that social interaction increases arousal, which in turn boosts learning, and provide motivation for acquiring new skills.
Researchers analyzed pain scores of 808 obese children who underwent non-cardiac surgery and found no correlation between BMI and pain. Current protocol for managing postsurgical pain in children should continue, with opioid use decreasing slightly with increased BMI.
Researchers found that increasing miR397 levels in domesticated rice plants resulted in traits similar to wild rice, including long stems and few flowering structures. Transgenic expression of the gene encoding miR397 partially de-domesticated rice, boosting grain production and improving resilience.
Bariatric surgery was associated with a lower risk of macrovascular disease events at five years of follow-up compared to usual medical care. The findings suggest that bariatric surgery may help reduce patient risk, but more confirmation is needed in randomized clinical trials.
A new AI algorithm measures breast density at a high level of accuracy, comparable to experienced mammographers. The system has been successfully implemented in routine clinical practice and has the potential to standardize and automate breast density assessment.
A mouse study found that paternal sperm DNA epigenetic changes may cause cognitive deficits in offspring, regardless of exposure to secondhand smoke. The effects were seen in both male and female mice, but were more pronounced in females.
Researchers from the University of California, Santa Barbara developed new algorithms to localize atrial fibrillation using non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging. This technology has the potential to aid in diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac disorders without requiring invasive surgeries.
A study found that children who eat high-energy-density breakfasts have higher cholesterol and uric acid levels, as well as greater insulin resistance. Nutrition education programs should focus on reducing ultra-processed foods to improve cardiovascular health in pediatric populations.
Researchers at U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP) advance experimental heroin vaccine through Phase I/IIa clinical trials. The vaccine aims to block the euphoria and addictive effects of heroin by binding it in the blood, potentially giving people a window to overcome addiction.
A new study presents a unified path for development and conservation, considering the needs of both people and nature. By using leading projections and aligning with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, researchers envision a world in 2050 where human well-being and nature thrive together.
A study asked top German cyclists and field athletes to rate the effectiveness of various anti-doping methods. The athletes identified improved detection and diagnostics, increased bans for offenders, as key strategies. Increased fines and leniency programs were ranked lower in effectiveness.
Scientists have discovered that winds blowing across Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf cause it to vibrate, producing a near-constant set of seismic tones. The vibrations can be used to monitor changes in the ice shelf from afar and may provide insights into climate change.
A study by Christine Horne and Emily Kennedy found bipartisan support for renewable energy, with conservatives viewing it as financially smart and a step towards self-sufficiency. Democrats strongly link renewable energy to environmental protection and reducing carbon emissions. The research highlights an area of common ground between ...
The study examines four decades of research on large mammals in Yellowstone National Park, revealing the influence of wolves on elk calf survival, bear relationships with hunters, and vegetation recovery
Researchers found that more aggressive farmerfish groups, which defend their territories from intruders, resided near branching corals and provided better protection. Additionally, corals planted in the territories of aggressive fish suffered less damage than those in non-aggressive groups.
Research reveals PRMT1-mediated alternative splicing is strongly linked to dilated cardiomyopathy, a serious heart condition. The study's findings provide new insights into the mechanism of DCM and may lead to the development of new treatments.
Researchers from Siberian Federal University and Kirensky Institute of Physics suggest a novel method for creating dynamically controlled diffraction gratings in atomic media. This approach eliminates existing limitations by utilizing Raman-type interaction between signal radiation and pump waves.
A diet high in omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil may delay the development and spread of breast cancer cells in mice. The study found that these cells took significantly longer to form tumors and grew smaller over time.
Residents in for-profit nursing homes are more likely to experience health problems due to substandard care compared to those in not-for-profit facilities or community-dwelling adults. A new study found that for-profit residents face a higher risk of severe dehydration, bed sores, and medication mismanagement.
Unicellular diatoms demonstrate primitive behavioral biology by choosing between nutrient sources and mating partners. Researchers found that cells move towards pheromones or food depending on hunger level, influencing biofilm dynamics.
A new study found that factors such as extraversion, openness, independence, and social support positively impact mental wellbeing in young adults with kidney failure. Higher medication adherence was linked to living with parents, conscientiousness, and physician access satisfaction.
Researchers at Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation have identified the signaling molecules that activate the Wnt signaling pathway in the lymphatic vascular system. This discovery could lead to better therapeutic options for lymphedema and associated disorders, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
A research team, led by Anil Misra from the University of Kansas, is developing a center to advance basic science for next-generation transport technology. The team aims to create intelligent infrastructure for safe, efficient mobility, reducing accidents and pollution.
A new study reveals that bats' loss of UV vision may be linked to the development of advanced echolocation abilities. The research found that most bat species with high-duty cycle echolocation have non-functional SWS1 genes, suggesting a trade-off between vision and hearing.
A recent study suggests that Sydney's urban structure is shifting from a monocentric city to a polycentric model, with populations aggregating around existing major urban areas. The study found that social cohesion and residential suburb attractiveness are key factors in driving this change.
Researchers developed a device that utilizes nonlinear dynamics of a microscopic silicon beam to enable microelectromechanical neural networks, achieving high-dimensional calculations. The system demonstrated accuracy in tasks such as classifying spoken sounds and processing binary patterns.
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) has launched a global initiative to integrate supportive and palliative care into cancer treatment. Twenty new institutions from Japan, Denmark, Estonia, and Qatar have been recognized as Designated Centres of Integrated Oncology and Palliative Care.
Routine X-ray imaging for infants with bronchiolitis remains common, despite American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Nearly half of children under 2 still receive X-rays from 2007 to 2015, highlighting the need for improved clinical data.
A study comparing DNA and RNA data from Nigerian breast cancer patients to those in a US database found aggressive molecular features prevalent in tumors from Nigerian women, which could explain disparities in breast cancer mortality. The study highlights the potential for targeted therapies to reduce mortality gap.
MIT biological engineers have developed a way to regulate RNA expression, giving precise control over the dose of therapeutic protein a patient receives. This technology allows doctors to tailor treatment for individual patients and offers a quick way to turn off protein production if necessary.
A new technique using holographic images guides the insertion of external ventricular drains, increasing accuracy and reducing complications. The mixed-reality headset provides visualizations of individual patients' unique brain anatomy, allowing neurosurgeons to perform procedures more accurately and safely.
Researchers from Brown University have developed a new alloy catalyst that reduces platinum use and maintains its activity after 30,000 voltage cycles. The catalyst's layered structure enhances reactivity while protecting cobalt atoms from degradation, outperforming traditional platinum alloy catalysts in fuel cell testing.
A deep-learning model has been successfully used on real patients to assess dense breast tissue in mammograms with high accuracy. The model outperforms traditional prediction models, achieving a kappa score of 0.85 in clinical applications, and could lead to more consistent screening procedures nationwide.
Researchers at CIRAD found an incoherence in a conversion factor for calculating basic wood density, leading to potential errors in estimating forest carbon stocks. The corrected formula will improve the accuracy of forest carbon assessments and understanding of forests' role in climate regulation.
Women in Nigeria who received support from clerics were significantly more likely to use modern contraceptives. In contrast, strong religious adherence was linked to lower contraceptive use rates. The study emphasizes the importance of engaging religious leaders to promote family planning services and improve maternal health outcomes.
The report examines how bioethics can better reflect the needs of an aging society. Key findings include the impact of economic insecurity on older adults, inadequate housing solutions, and socioeconomic disparities affecting communities.
Researchers developed a virus nanoparticle vaccine against anthrax and plague, providing complete protection in animal models. The dual vaccine was effective even when animals were exposed to lethal doses of both pathogens.
A cross-national analysis of over 400,000 adolescents in 88 countries reveals that complete bans on corporal punishment are associated with reduced physical fighting among young people. The study found a 42% decrease in female youth violence and a 31% reduction in male youth violence compared to countries without such bans.
Research from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan reveals a significant preference for cesarean delivery among women, with rates exceeding 30% in these regions. The primary reasons cited are the fear of pain during labor, antagonistic relationships with healthcare providers, and concerns over deteriorating quality of care during birth.
Researchers have developed a new method for creating three-dimensional images of leaves, allowing scientists to study the complex dynamics of water and gas exchange within plant cells. This breakthrough has significant implications for improving crop photosynthetic performance and understanding plant biology.
A major review of 400 research articles found no significant association between acts of terrorism and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suggesting that 'terrorism isn't terrorising' in terms of causing increased PTSD. The study argues that the focus on PTSD has overshadowed other impacts, such as social and economic effects.
A collaboration between industry and science aims to improve the longevity of lead batteries by understanding complex chemical interactions. The research will focus on improving the performance of lead batteries using advanced tools and techniques.
Researchers found high levels of illegal shark fishing in a Marshall Islands shark sanctuary, highlighting the need for active monitoring and enforcement. Satellite technology is proposed as a solution to track fishing vessels and monitor compliance with fishing regulations.
A study from University of California San Diego found that patients who recorded videos of themselves taking TB medications had better adherence to treatment than those observed in-person. VDOT (video directly observed therapy) was also cost-effective and preferred over traditional DOT.
The number of Veterans Affairs facilities offering acupuncture has increased from 42% to 88% in the past 7 years, according to a recent study. Acupuncture is being recognized as an effective component of chronic pain management and other areas of care in the VHA.
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a $1.2 million grant from the US Department of Education to increase doctoral students in computer science and engineering, particularly among women and minorities. The grant will also support interdisciplinary research on assistive technologies for people with disabilities.
A new test, DETECT, can diagnose patients with antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in a matter of minutes. The technique identifies the molecular signatures of antibiotic-resistant bacteria directly in urine samples.
A young star with a protoplanetary disc has been discovered to have four Jupiter and Saturn-sized planets in orbit around it. The system's extreme range of orbits raises questions about how such a system might have formed.