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Science News for December 20, 2018


Cancer's metabolism subject of trailblazing study

Researchers examined cancer metabolism using flux-balance analysis and found that the Warburg effect provides a growth advantage for tumors, while glutamine addiction does not. The study also sheds light on the relationship between healthy cells and tumor cells under the reverse Warburg effect.

SourceCornell University·JournalPLOS Computational Biology·DateDec 20, 2018

AIDS -- an approach for targeting HIV reservoirs

Researchers at Institut Pasteur have identified CD4 T lymphocytes as a key target for HIV infection and developed a new approach to eliminate infected cells. By blocking the virus's energy production, scientists can destroy infected reservoirs, potentially leading to remission.

SourceInstitut Pasteur·JournalCell Metabolism·DateDec 20, 2018

New AI computer vision system mimics how humans visualize and identify objects

Researchers have developed a computer vision system that uses a brain-inspired approach to learn and identify objects in real-world images. The system is trained on a vast amount of data from the internet, allowing it to build a detailed model of objects without external guidance.

SourceUCLA Samueli School of Engineering·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 20, 2018
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Electrically charged higgs versus physicists: 1-0 until break

An international team of physicists has failed to detect the charged Higgs boson in a recent analysis, but found evidence that limits new theories. The search for the particle focused on masses between 90 gigaelectronvolts and 2000 gigaelectronvolts.

SourceThe Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences·JournalJournal of High Energy Physics·DateDec 20, 2018

Novel imaging technique brings diagnostic potential into operating room

Researchers have developed a novel portable optical imaging system that enables real-time visualization of tumor microenvironment in human breast tissue shortly after surgery. The system provides molecular features of breast cancer tissue, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and tracking of tumor progression.

SourceUniversity of Illinois Grainger College of Engineering·JournalScience Advances·DateDec 20, 2018

Faint glow within galaxy clusters illuminates dark matter

Astronomers have found a way to illuminate the elusive nature of dark matter by analyzing intracluster light from six massive galaxy clusters in the Frontier Fields program. The faint glow between galaxies in a cluster traces the path of dark matter, providing a more accurate understanding of its distribution.

SourceNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateDec 20, 2018
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Leuven scientists tackle one immune disease after the other

Researchers reveal that dendritic cell partnership with CD4 T cells is crucial for disease development in both diseases, offering new insights into treatment options. The study also highlights the importance of targeting multiple pathways to treat patients with these immunological disorders.

SourceVIB (the Flanders Institute for Biotechnology)·JournalJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·DateDec 20, 2018

Research reveals 'fundamental finding' about Earth's outer core

Researchers used high-powered supercomputing techniques to simulate extreme conditions and determine the maximum amount of nitrogen in the Earth's outer core. The study provides critical insights into the planet's chemical composition and its potential impact on habitability.

SourceFlorida State University·JournalGeophysical Research Letters·DateDec 20, 2018
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Parkinson's disease protein buys time for cell repair

Researchers have discovered how a protein called Parkin protects neurons in the brain by repairing internal damage that may otherwise kill them. The study found that Parkin 'buys time' for cells to respond to damage and triggers cell death, potentially leading to neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease.

SourceWalter and Eliza Hall Institute·JournalThe EMBO Journal·DateDec 20, 2018

Quantum Maxwell's demon 'teleports' entropy out of a qubit

Researchers describe an extended quantum Maxwell's demon that violates the second law of thermodynamics in a system up to 5 meters away from the device. The demon channels entropy away from a target qubit, reducing its disorder without affecting its energy.

SourceMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology·JournalPhysical Review B·DateDec 20, 2018
CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock

CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock simplifies serious desks with 18 ports for high-speed storage, monitors, and instruments across Mac and PC setups.

Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm)

Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm) tracks health metrics and safety alerts during long observing sessions, fieldwork, and remote expeditions.

Researchers make world's smallest tic-tac-toe game board with DNA

Caltech scientists develop dynamic DNA nanostructures, enabling the creation of a microscopic tic-tac-toe game board with reconfigurable parts. The technology combines self-assembling tiles and strand displacement to allow for molecular self-reconfiguration, paving the way for more sophisticated nanomachines.

SourceCalifornia Institute of Technology·JournalNature Communications·DateDec 20, 2018

Small family-run livestock farms stand out in Cordoba's dehesa

Small farms in Cordoba's dehesas are showing more intense production and increasing livestock density, with beef cattle and Iberian swine being the most common combination. These family-owned farms are intensifying production despite traditional ideas of low productivity, and their study reveals key characteristics of these farms.

SourceUniversity of Córdoba·JournalRevista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias·DateDec 20, 2018
Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition

Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition is a durable star atlas for planning sessions, identifying targets, and teaching celestial navigation.

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Blood editors announce top 10 manuscripts of 2018

The Blood editors have selected the top 10 manuscripts of 2018, showcasing notable advances in various hematological disorders. These studies highlight promising treatments for B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and classical Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for immune thrombocytopenia.

SourceAmerican Society of Hematology·JournalBlood·DateDec 20, 2018

New optical memory cell achieves record data-storage density

Researchers have demonstrated a new technique that can store more optical data in a smaller space than previously possible on-chip, improving upon the phase-change optical memory cell. The new approach enables storing information in 34 levels, equivalent to 5 bits, and could help meet the growing need for computer data storage.

SourceOptica·JournalOptica·DateDec 20, 2018

How sperm stem cells maintain their number

Researchers discovered a novel mechanism for sperm stem cell number control, where cells migrate and compete for fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). This self-organized process regulates stem cell density in the testis, maintaining uniformity despite the absence of a canonical niche.

SourceNational Institutes of Natural Sciences·JournalCell Stem Cell·DateDec 20, 2018

Scientists discover new brain changes in early Alzheimer's disease

Researchers identified associations between functional changes in certain brain cell types with Alzheimer's-related accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein. The study also showed that machine learning can be used to classify patients into different stages of disease pathogenesis based on gene expression patterns.

SourceUniversity of Eastern Finland·JournalNeurobiology of Disease·DateDec 20, 2018
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

New threat to ozone recovery

A new MIT study identifies chloroform as a significant threat to ozone layer recovery, with increased emissions in East Asia potentially delaying the process by four to eight years. The researchers found that production of products from chloroform is on the rise in the region, contributing to the growing problem.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalNature Geoscience·DateDec 20, 2018

Media alert: New articles in The CRISPR Journal

The CRISPR Journal publishes outstanding research on all aspects of CRISPR and gene editing. Two new articles explore the ethics of germline editing and the use of alternative PAM sequences for mouse genome editing.

SourceMary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News·JournalThe CRISPR Journal·DateDec 20, 2018

Bacteria-based drug delivery system that outperforms conventional methods

Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a novel drug delivery system that uses attenuated bacteria cells to transport anti-cancer drugs directly to cancer sites, showing up to 100-fold improvements in distribution and retention. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment options.

SourceVirginia Tech·JournalAdvanced Science·DateDec 20, 2018

Threat of 'nightmare bacteria' exhibiting resistance to last-resort antibiotic colistin

A recent study found that colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (CR-E) was prevalent among residents in rural communities in Vietnam, with 70.4% of residents carrying the bacteria. This widespread dissemination raises concerns about the potential for 'nightmare bacteria' to spread globally and render antibiotics ineffective.

SourceOsaka University·JournalJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·DateDec 20, 2018
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

Higher radiation dose needed to X-ray obese patients increases cancer risk

A recent study published in Journal of Radiological Protection found that severely obese patients require higher doses of radiation during X-rays to create images, increasing their cancer risk. The research, conducted on over 600 patients, showed a 153% increased risk of cancer compared to normal-weight individuals.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalJournal of Radiological Protection·DateDec 20, 2018

Discovery could lead to munitions that go further, much faster

Researchers from the U.S. Army and top universities discovered a new way to enhance energetic performance of metal powders in battlefield systems by igniting aluminum micron powders coated with graphene oxide. The discovery, published in ACS Nano, could lead to improved range and lethality of existing weapons systems.

SourceU.S. Army Research Laboratory·JournalACS Nano·DateDec 20, 2018

Hidden cradle of early plant evolution discovered in the Middle East

The discovery of exceptionally preserved late-Permian plant fossils in Jordan pushes back the ages of important seed plant lineages and suggests that drought-prone tropical habitats served as evolutionary cradles for early plant diversification. The findings indicate that these plant lineages survived the mass extinction event at the e...

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateDec 20, 2018
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

Lipid raft components offer potential cholesterol-lowering drug target

Research identifies GM3S and GM3 ganglioside as crucial for intestinal cholesterol uptake, offering a new therapeutic target for reducing high blood cholesterol. A high-cholesterol diet-fed mouse model with deficient GM3S shows lower susceptibility to high blood cholesterol.

SourceAmerican Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·JournalJournal of Lipid Research·DateDec 20, 2018

Cancer can run but it can't hide

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) researchers find bone marrow stromal cells harbor leukemia cells, shielding them from chemotherapy. Yong-Mi Kim seeks integrin molecules to block treatment evasion.

SourceChildren's Hospital Los Angeles·DateDec 20, 2018

Mighty morphing materials take complex shapes

Researchers create a rubbery, shape-shifting material that can morph into complex shapes at room temperature and change back when heated. The material shows promise for soft robots and biomedical applications requiring pre-programmed shapes at body temperature.

SourceRice University·JournalSoft Matter·DateDec 20, 2018

Health checkups for alpine lakes

Researchers at the University of Alberta found alpine zooplankton to be excellent indicators of lake health, sensitive to climate changes. By analyzing over 1,200 lakes across North America, the team showed that these tiny organisms can assess ecosystem function based on their ecological traits.

SourceUniversity of Alberta·JournalEcography·DateDec 20, 2018
Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C)

Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C) provide clear calls and strong noise reduction for interviews, conferences, and noisy field environments.

Enzyme's unfrozen adventure: In crystallo protein thermodynamics

A team from Osaka University has made a groundbreaking discovery using non-cryogenic crystals to analyze protein conformational changes and thermodynamic properties. This breakthrough technique allows for precise temperature control, providing valuable insights into the structure and function of enzymes.

SourceOsaka University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 20, 2018

Development of MEMS sensor chip equipped with ultra-high quality diamond cantilevers

Scientists have created a high-quality diamond MEMS sensor chip that outperforms existing silicon sensors in terms of sensitivity and reliability. This breakthrough could enable the development of highly sensitive and reliable sensors for various applications, including disaster prevention and medicine.

SourceNational Institute for Materials Science, Japan·JournalPhysical Review Materials·DateDec 20, 2018

When a brand is like a secret lover

A study by Society for Consumer Psychology found that hiding information about consumption choices increases sense of connection. Researchers conducted experiments where participants were asked to keep their brand choices secret, revealing that secrecy intensified self-brand connections and increased loyalty.

SourceSociety for Consumer Psychology·JournalJournal of Consumer Psychology·DateDec 20, 2018

Network orchestration: SLU researcher uses music to manage networks

Researchers propose using sound-based network management for tasks like datacenter server fan failure detection, authentication, load balancing and congestion notification. Music-defined networking leverages sounds from real or virtual devices to augment existing network components with sound capabilities.

SourceSaint Louis University·DateDec 20, 2018

The joy of giving lasts longer than the joy of getting

A study published in Psychological Science found that participants' happiness did not decline when they repeatedly gave gifts to others, unlike when they received identical gifts. The researchers suggest that giving may help maintain social connection and belonging, leading to a slower adaptation to happiness.

SourceAssociation for Psychological Science·JournalPsychological Science·DateDec 20, 2018
Meta Quest 3 512GB

Meta Quest 3 512GB enables immersive mission planning, terrain rehearsal, and interactive STEM demos with high-resolution mixed-reality experiences.

Genome published of the small hive beetle, a major honey bee parasite

The small hive beetle's genome has been published, providing crucial keys for better control methods, including insecticidal treatments and genetic solutions. The SHB has a strong gene-guided system that detoxifies many insecticides, allowing researchers to target specific pathways for effective control.

SourceUS Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service·JournalGigaScience·DateDec 20, 2018

Suboptimal, inconsistent treatment for anaphylaxis due to unknown cause

A new Canadian study found that nearly 7.5% of anaphylaxis cases were due to an unknown trigger (AUT), with suboptimal treatment and follow-up management common both inside and outside hospitals. The study highlights the need for clear guidelines and educational programs to ensure prompt and appropriate management of anaphylaxis.

SourceMcGill University Health Centre·DateDec 20, 2018
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Annual, biological rhythms govern milk production in dairy cows

Researchers found that dairy cows' milk yield and composition follow predictable annual cycles driven by photoperiod, regardless of geographic location. The study's findings will help dairy farmers better manage their herds and interpret the effects of management strategies.

SourcePenn State·JournalJournal of Dairy Science·DateDec 20, 2018

Micropores let oxygen and nutrients inside biofabricated tissues

Biofabricated tissues with micropores allow for efficient nutrient and oxygen diffusion, enabling the growth of larger tissue samples. The novel approach uses stem cells derived from human fat and sodium alginate porogens to create porous tissue strands that can be implanted in bone or cartilage defects.

SourcePenn State·JournalBiofabrication·DateDec 20, 2018
Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope

Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope combines portable Schmidt-Cassegrain optics with GoTo pointing for outreach nights and field campaigns.

Female penises evolved twice in bark lice

Researchers found that female penises in geographically distinct species of bark lice evolved separately due to environmental pressures and competition for male seminal gifts. The study suggests that the evolution of female penises is linked to sexual selection and mating behaviors.

SourceHokkaido University·JournalBiology Letters·DateDec 20, 2018

The production of Ac-225

Global supplies of Ac-225 are insufficient to meet growing demand for radiotherapy. Two production routes show promise, relying on irradiation of parent elements to increase yields.

SourceBentham Science Publishers·JournalCurrent Radiopharmaceuticals·DateDec 20, 2018

Optimizing tungsten carbide for 3D printing

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh are partnering with General Carbide to optimize tungsten carbide for additive manufacturing. The goal is to improve durability and reduce breakage in 3D printed parts. The project aims to develop better base powders and printing methods to enhance the use of tungsten carbide in metal printing.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·DateDec 20, 2018

Researchers identify genes associated with polycystic ovary syndrome

A study identified 14 gene variants associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including three new variants. The findings suggest shared genetic architecture for different diagnosis criteria and links to other conditions like metabolic disorders, depression, and male pattern baldness.

SourceUniversity of Utah Health·JournalPLOS Genetics·DateDec 20, 2018
AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope

AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope supports teaching labs and QA checks with LED illumination, mechanical stage, and included 5MP camera.

Spectacular flying reptiles soared over Britain's tropical Jurassic past

Fossils of well-armed and substantial flying reptiles from the UK's Jurassic period have been uncovered, revealing multiple pterosaur lineages, including a new species with a wingspan of two metres. The research sheds light on the evolution of flying reptiles and their role in understanding global natural history.

SourceUniversity of Portsmouth·JournalActa Palaeontologica Polonica·DateDec 20, 2018

Hold the fries! How calorie content makes you rethink food choices

A Dartmouth-led study found that displaying calorie information on food images decreases the brain's reward system activation and increases control system activation, making unhealthy foods less appetizing. The results suggest that nutritional interventions should consider consumer motivation, including dieting status.

SourceDartmouth College·JournalPLOS ONE·DateDec 20, 2018

Field experiment on clouds and precipitation under clean air conditions started in Chile

Scientists from Leipzig Institute for Meteorology and TROPOS conduct a field experiment to understand the relationship between aerosol particles, clouds, and precipitation. They observe the atmosphere at Punta Arenas, a region with minimal pollution, to gather data on cloud formation and life cycle.

SourceLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)·JournalAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics·DateDec 20, 2018

Faint starlight in Hubble images reveals distribution of dark matter

Astronomers have developed a revolutionary method to detect dark matter using faint starlight in Hubble images. The technique accurately studies the distribution of dark matter and has been confirmed in galaxy clusters. Future studies will survey more clusters and analyze additional data with the James Webb Space Telescope.

SourceESA/Hubble Information Centre·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateDec 20, 2018
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

One of the world's fastest cameras films motion of electrons

A team from Kiel University has developed an ultrafast camera system that films the motion of electrons in solids. The camera, which operates at a temporal resolution of 13 femtoseconds, allows researchers to study fundamental processes involved in the conversion of light energy into electricity.

SourceKiel University·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateDec 20, 2018

First detection of rain over the ocean by navigation satellites

A team of researchers has successfully detected rain over the ocean using GNSS Reflectometry, a technique that measures sea surface roughness to infer precipitation. This innovation could provide unprecedented temporal resolution and spatial coverage for monitoring atmospheric precipitation.

SourceGFZ GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Helmholtz Centre·JournalGeophysical Research Letters·DateDec 20, 2018

Heroes and villains influence what you buy

Researchers found that vice foods with hero labels were more compelling than the same foods shown with villain labels, while healthy foods benefited from villainous labels. In a real-world experiment, consumers were willing to pay more for bottled water and cheese curds when labeled as 'villainous' rather than 'heroic'.

SourceSociety for Consumer Psychology·JournalJournal of Consumer Psychology·DateDec 20, 2018

Stem cell-derived neurons stop seizures and improve cognitive function

Researchers at Texas A&M University have made a breakthrough in treating epilepsy by using stem cell-derived neurons to stop seizures and improve cognitive function. The study showed that transplanted human GABAergic neurons formed synapses with host excitatory neurons and were directly involved in controlling seizures.

SourceTexas A&M University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 20, 2018
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

Molecule discovery holds promise for gene therapies for psoriasis

Researchers at the University of Birmingham have discovered a protein fragment called ?N-JARID2 that regulates skin cell differentiation. The finding holds promise for developing new gene therapies for psoriasis and other skin conditions caused by hyper-proliferation of skin cells.

SourceUniversity of Birmingham·JournalThe EMBO Journal·DateDec 20, 2018

Leprosy declines in Morocco after implementation of preventive drug

Since 2012, the number of leprosy cases in Morocco has decreased significantly, with an average annual decline of -16.83%. This improvement is attributed to the implementation of single dose rifampicin chemoprophylaxis, which has helped to interrupt transmission and reduce disability.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases·DateDec 20, 2018

Better understanding of dog body language could make interactions safer

A new study has found that a better understanding of dog body language can reduce the risk of dog bites. Children and parents were trained to correctly interpret dog distress signals, leading to significant improvement in accuracy, particularly among younger children.

SourceUniversity of Lincoln·JournalFrontiers in Veterinary Science·DateDec 20, 2018
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) runs demanding GIS, imaging, and annotation workflows on the go for surveys, briefings, and lab notebooks.

Beyond Einstein

Physicists at LSU and Penn State develop new mathematical equations that go beyond Einstein's theory of general relativity, showing that black hole singularities do not exist. The theory predicts a funnel to another branch of space-time instead.

SourceLouisiana State University·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateDec 20, 2018

Why does nuclear fission produce pear-shaped nuclei?

Simulations of nuclear fission using quantum-mechanics show that pear-shaped deformation is favored by strong Coulomb repulsion in fragments. This mechanism explains asymmetric fission in several systems and improves predictions for exotic nuclei.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalNature·DateDec 20, 2018

The long-range ties that bind and the social wormholes that connect them

Researchers have discovered strong, long-range social ties that bridge vast gaps in social networks, providing high-bandwidth shortcuts. These 'wormholes' can spread information and ideas, including potentially unhealthy ones, across extreme network distances.

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateDec 20, 2018
GoPro HERO13 Black

GoPro HERO13 Black records stabilized 5.3K video for instrument deployments, field notes, and outreach, even in harsh weather and underwater conditions.

New research shows how a fatty diet can lead to life-threatening liver disease

A new study by USC researchers reveals that a fatty diet can trigger changes in the immune system leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a serious form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study identified a novel type of reparative macrophage that counteracts inflammation, offering potential pathways for future therapies.

SourceUniversity of Southern California - Health Sciences·JournalHepatology·DateDec 20, 2018

Bacteria rely on classic business model

Researchers at University of Basel discover how Pseudomonas aeruginosa attaches to tissue within seconds and spreads using motile spreaders and virulent stickers. The bacterium exploits a simple business model: settle, grow, expand.

SourceUniversity of Basel·JournalCell Host & Microbe·DateDec 20, 2018
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

NHS trusts struggling to produce Brexit plans amid continuing uncertainty

Many NHS trusts and health boards have been unable to accurately forecast how Brexit will affect crucial areas such as supply chains, medicines, and workforce. Only a quarter of those that responded were able to disclose their risk assessment related to Brexit, with many citing uncertainty about the government's guidance.

SourceBMJ Group·JournalThe BMJ·DateDec 20, 2018

Science's 2018 Breakthrough of the Year: Tracking development cell by cell

Single-cell RNA-seq technology reveals which genes are active in early embryo cells, offering a snapshot of cellular behavior. Researchers use molecular trackers to monitor individual cells' fate during development, shedding light on organ formation and tissue regeneration.

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateDec 20, 2018

Studies examine pediatric services in US emergency departments

Studies from Massachusetts General Hospital examine the presence of pediatric areas in EDs and use of telemedicine for pediatric emergency care. An intervention increased the appointment of Pediatric Emergency Care Coordinators in Massachusetts EDs, a key step to improve pediatric emergency care.

SourceMassachusetts General Hospital·JournalAcademic Emergency Medicine·DateDec 20, 2018
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

A lung-inspired design turns water into fuel

Scientists at Stanford University have developed an electrocatalytic mechanism that mimics the mammalian lung's gas exchange process, enabling more efficient conversion of water into hydrogen fuel. The design uses a thin membrane to separate oxygen and hydrogen gases, reducing energy costs and increasing current density rates.

SourceCell Press·JournalJoule·DateDec 20, 2018

Predicting the properties of a new class of glasses

Researchers at Penn State used modeling methods to predict properties of ZIF glasses, combining transparency and metallic glass nonbrittle quality, with potential applications in gas storage and energy, promising breakthroughs in transparent and bendable glass

SourcePenn State·JournalThe Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·DateDec 20, 2018

Responsible innovation key to smart farming

Agricultural technology is transforming food production, but responsible innovation is crucial to address potential environmental, ethical, and social costs. Researchers argue that policy-makers, funders, and innovators must consider the impacts on farming communities and wider society.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systems·DateDec 20, 2018
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

NIH-developed test detects protein associated with Alzheimer's and CTE

Researchers have developed an ultrasensitive test that detects tau protein clusters, which are associated with Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The test has been shown to detect the protein in small amounts of brain tissue, making it a major advance for early diagnosis.

SourceNIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases·JournalActa Neuropathologica·DateDec 20, 2018

New study first to predict which oil and gas wells are leaking methane

A new study published in Environmental Geosciences is the first to predict which oil and gas wells are likely to leak methane. The research used machine learning algorithms to identify characteristics of wells that deviate from vertical drill lines, age, and larger casings as indicators of potential leaks.

SourceUniversity of Vermont·JournalEnvironmental Geosciences·DateDec 20, 2018

Building a stronger 'brain' for brain data research

A research team led by Heng Huang aims to create a framework for secure and efficient multi-site collaborative big brain data mining. The project addresses computational challenges in analyzing complex brain disorders and genomics data.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·DateDec 20, 2018

Pay-it-forward model increases STD testing among gay men in China

A pay-it-forward model increased gonorrhea and chlamydia testing among Chinese gay men, with 54% opting in compared to 6%. The program identified previously untested individuals and may be a promising strategy for integrated HIV/STD testing.

SourceUniversity of North Carolina Health Care·JournalThe Lancet Infectious Diseases·DateDec 20, 2018
GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter

GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter logs beta, gamma, and X-ray levels for environmental monitoring, training labs, and safety demonstrations.

Land motion drives varying rates of sea level along the US East Coast

A team of researchers found that vertical land motion is the primary factor behind variations in relative sea level rates along the US East Coast. The study, published in Nature, reveals that land motion explains 75% of the observed variation, with ongoing effects from the last ice age being the largest contributor.

SourceBoston College·JournalNature·DateDec 20, 2018

Is the US a tinderbox ready to ignite?

The perception of unfair economic inequality can lead to civic unrest in the US, as seen in Ireland's past protests. In contrast, despite the controversial president and global economic impacts, there are currently no large-scale demonstrations, suggesting that the 'tinder' for protests is ready to ignite

SourceUniversity of Chicago Press Journals·JournalCurrent Anthropology·DateDec 20, 2018

Not all marine protected areas are created equal

A new report reveals that only 41% of European MPAs are fished less intensely than non-protected waters, while trawling activity is 38% higher inside MPAs. The findings suggest that stronger regulations are needed for MPAs to effectively protect sensitive species and biodiversity.

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateDec 20, 2018

Current concepts and perspectives on connexin43: A mini review

Connexin43 is a widely distributed gap junction protein involved in myocardium disease and tumor migration. Understanding its role in these processes can provide insight into new therapeutic options for cancer and myocardial disease diagnosis and therapy.

SourceBentham Science Publishers·JournalCurrent Protein and Peptide Science·DateDec 20, 2018
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

A subtle strategy to spend more responsibly

Researchers discovered that couples who pool their finances favor utilitarian purchases that are easier to justify. Individuals using joint bank accounts spent significantly less on hedonic purchases and more on utilitarian products than those spending from separate accounts. This strategy may help people spend money more responsibly.

SourceSociety for Consumer Psychology·JournalJournal of Consumer Psychology·DateDec 20, 2018

For gait transitions, stability often trumps energy savings

A team of researchers found that animals switch to more stable gaits during speed-related transitions to minimize unstable dynamic states and reduce the risk of tripping or falling. The study, which examined nine animal models across various species, suggests that gait transitions prioritize stability over energy savings.

SourceUniversity of Chicago Medical Center·DateDec 20, 2018

Giving birth associated with 14 percent higher risk of heart disease and stroke

A new study by the European Society of Cardiology found that giving birth is associated with a 14% higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Pregnant women are advised to keep weight gain under control and adopt healthy lifestyle habits after pregnancy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

SourceEuropean Society of Cardiology·JournalEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology·DateDec 20, 2018

Mount Sinai researchers discover new drug cocktail that increases human beta cell proliferation at rapid rates

Researchers at Mount Sinai have discovered a novel combination of drugs that induces the highest rate of proliferation in adult human beta cells, increasing insulin production and potentially treating diabetes. The study found a 5-8% daily growth rate, which is significant progress toward a cure for the disease.

SourceThe Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine·JournalCell Metabolism·DateDec 20, 2018

How is big data impacting sports analytics?

Researchers are using big data and machine learning techniques to optimize sports performance, game-day decision making, and even predict the end of daily fantasy sports. The special issue explores various applications of big data in sports analytics, from pacing strategies in long-distance running to business-side insights.

SourceMary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News·JournalBig Data·DateDec 20, 2018
Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

Scientists find nanoparticles with peculiar chemical composition

Researchers found unexpected chemical compositions in 'magic nanoparticles' that display enhanced stability, including Fe6O4 and Ce3O12. The study also reveals oxygen-rich nanoparticles may explain carcinogenicity of oxide nanoparticles.

SourceMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology·JournalPhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics·DateDec 20, 2018

Beyond the black hole singularity

Loop quantum gravity allows physicists to extend gravitational physics beyond general relativity's limitations, enabling the analysis of black hole interiors. The theory predicts a repulsive force that can overwhelm classical gravity, potentially resolving the information paradox at black holes.

SourcePenn State·DateDec 20, 2018

Improved stem cell approach could aid fight against Parkinson's

Scientists at the University of Edinburgh have created stem cells that can transform into brain cells and produce dopamine, a key neurotransmitter lost in Parkinson's. The gene-edited cells resisted developing Lewy bodies, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.

SourceUniversity of Edinburgh·JournalEuropean Journal of Neuroscience·DateDec 20, 2018

A major step closer to a viable recording material for future hard disk drives

A group of researchers in India has developed an iron-platinum alloy that can overcome the thermal stability issues limiting its use as a material for future hard disk drives. By tweaking the L10 phase, they achieved a significant enhancement of the transformation rate and reduced the ordering temperature below 300 degrees C.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalAIP Advances·DateDec 20, 2018

Wildlife struggle to cope with extreme weather

A recent study published by University of Queensland researchers sheds light on the responses of various species to major climate events. The research found that extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts, and floods are causing unpredictable changes to ecosystems, leading to population declines and local extinctions.

SourceUniversity of Queensland·JournalDiversity and Distributions·DateDec 20, 2018

Police interactions linked to increased risk of client violence for female sex workers

Researchers found that street-based FSWs with more frequent abusive police interactions had a higher risk of client violence, emphasizing the need for interventions addressing relationships between FSW and police. The study also highlights the importance of decriminalizing sex work to alleviate pressure on these women.

SourceJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health·JournalAmerican Journal of Public Health·DateDec 20, 2018

Urine drug testing may be important in early phases of addiction treatment

A new study by Boston Medical Center found that patients are less likely to disclose drug use earlier in treatment, but urine drug testing can help identify and engage patients with positive test results. The study suggests developing interventions for patients with positive urine tests to keep them engaged in care.

SourceBoston Medical Center·JournalDrug and Alcohol Dependence·DateDec 20, 2018

Researchers detect age-related differences in DNA from blood

A study published in Aging Cell found age- and health-related differences in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) packaging, which could be used to determine biological age. The researchers detected well-spaced nucleosomes in younger individuals but less regular patterns in older groups.

SourceBrown University·JournalAging Cell·DateDec 20, 2018

Time to biochemical failure could be used as surrogate endpoint in treatment: LA prostate cancer

A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology found that time to biochemical failure can be used as a surrogate endpoint for locally advanced prostate cancer treatment, reducing overall survival benefit by 6% compared to traditional endpoints. The analysis of NRG-RTOG 9202 clinical trial results showed significant associ...

SourceNRG Oncology·JournalJournal of Clinical Oncology·DateDec 20, 2018

Scientists uncover how protein clumps damage cells in Parkinson's

Researchers have discovered that protein clumps, particularly pα-syn*, recruit enzymes and tau to damage brain cells, leading to mitochondrial destruction. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of Parkinson's disease, shedding light on potential treatment targets.

SourceScripps Research Institute·JournalNeurobiology of Disease·DateDec 20, 2018

Nebraska virologists discover safer potential Zika vaccine

Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have identified a potential Zika vaccine that induces strong T-cell responses and substantial protection without producing antibodies. This breakthrough could be a 'huge leap' for immunology, potentially overcoming the obstacle of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease.

SourceUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln·JournalScientific Reports·DateDec 20, 2018

A new way to cut the power of tumors

A new approach to treating tumors has been discovered by regulating vascularization through a gene that is overexpressed in the tumor vasculature. By targeting the insulin receptor, scientists hope to deliver treatments more accurately and effectively.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalBritish Journal of Cancer·DateDec 20, 2018

A mountain of evidence on air pollution's harms to children

A comprehensive review of air pollution effects in children reveals adverse birth outcomes, cognitive and behavioral problems, asthma incidence, and potentially childhood cancer. The study estimates that over 40% of environmental disease burden is borne by children under five.

SourceColumbia University's Mailman School of Public Health·JournalEnvironmental Research·DateDec 20, 2018

Genome offers clues to esophageal cancer disparity

A genomic duplication in Caucasians could contribute to the high incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Researchers found that African-Americans have a protective genetic variant, GSTT2, which may help prevent cancer. Flavonoids derived from cranberries show promise as a potential chemoprevention agent.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalGASTROENTEROLOGY·DateDec 20, 2018

Elegant trick improves single-cell RNA sequencing

Researchers at Cornell University have developed a low-cost method to capture complete RNA transcription information in single-cell genomics. The new technique, called DART-seq, uses droplet microfluidics to simultaneously analyze multiple genes and identify virus-infected cells.

SourceCornell University·JournalNature Methods·DateDec 20, 2018