Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have successfully sequenced the genome of Hevea brasiliensis, the natural rubber tree, uncovering key genes responsible for its unique properties. The study identifies a cluster of genes related to rubber biosynthesis and disease resistance, which may contribute to the tree's high latex production.
Scientists at KIT discovered that the synchronized repair of two single-strand breaks consistently leads to tandem duplications of shorter sequences near the break locations. Using CRISPR/Cas system like molecular scissors, they found a new mechanism for the formation of tandem repeat DNA sequences in plant genomes.
The USGA is collaborating with the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center to study seashore paspalum's salt tolerance. The research aims to develop more robust turfgrass varieties that require less fresh water and fewer chemical treatments, increasing environmental sustainability in the golf industry.
Researchers create new tool to define metabolic differences between individuals, paving the way for precision medicine. By combining genetic and protein data, scientists can better understand how patients respond to medication and tailor treatments accordingly.
The study reveals that the petunia has a complicated genetic history, having undergone one whole genome triplication shared with all the Solanaceae family. The released parental petunia genomes will be a valuable resource for scientists studying symbiosis, self-fertilization and circadian rhythms.
A study published in Molecular Biology and Evolution identifies ultraconserved elements (UCEs) essential for animal development. Researchers found that UCEs act as hubs to allow genome access for multiple proteins, contributing to the extreme DNA sequence conservation observed.
Researchers will focus on ion channels and their role in producing electrical pulses, with potential applications in understanding heritable diseases of the nervous system. The study aims to identify genetic changes that enable fast or slow channel operation.
Researchers from the DOE JGI call for a National Microbiome Data Center to manage accumulated microbiome data and metadata, enabling larger-scale comparative analyses. The center would harness all available data to address global challenges in energy, environment, health, and agriculture.
The study discovered 70 genes that show multiple signs of adaptation, including unique amino-acid-sequence substitutions and positive natural selection. These adaptations are linked to the development of the giraffe's cardiovascular system, blood pressure, and long neck and legs.
Scientists have developed a web-based system to track the spread of antibiotic-resistant MRSA and other superbugs across Europe, providing valuable insights for infection control teams. The tool, Microreact.org, uses whole-genome sequencing to identify patterns of resistance and help policymakers implement prevention strategies.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have received a grant to design precision drug candidates targeting disease-associated RNAs, aiming to develop patient-specific therapies for neurological diseases and cancer.
Researchers have sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the Hispaniolan solenodon, revealing that it diverged from other living mammals 78 million years ago. The venomous mammal survived asteroid impact and human colonization, but is now threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators.
Genomic analysis of Ebola virus samples from Liberia in June 2015 indicates a re-emergence of a persistently infected source, highlighting the risk of disease flare-ups even after an outbreak is declared over. The study's findings suggest that the virus replicates at a lower rate during persistent infections.
Researchers from Scripps Translational Science Institute discovered a higher-than-normal presence of genetic variants offering protection from cognitive decline in the 'Wellderly' study. These variants were found to be associated with long-term cognitive health and protection from chronic diseases, including cancer and heart disease.
Researchers at TSRI have integrated biomedical data into Wikidata, enabling easy access and linking of genes, proteins, and more. The project aims to create a comprehensive, uniform database that can be searched and updated by anyone.
The Mount Sinai Hospital and Sage Bionetworks conducted a genome study of over 589,000 adults to identify individuals resistant to severe Mendelian childhood diseases. Thirteen healthy people with associated genetic variants were found, but limitations in the original studies' informed consent policies hinder further analysis.
Researchers have discovered over 1,000 new types of bacteria and Archaea, dramatically expanding the tree of life. The newly added organisms come from diverse environments and are characterized by their genome sequences, offering a new perspective on microbiology and its implications for our understanding of biology.
A 2010 outbreak in Maryland was caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a strain sourced from raw oysters from Asian restaurants. Whole genome sequencing helped identify the pathogen's origin and introduced techniques for future outbreaks.
A novel virus, Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), has been identified as the cause of massive tilapia die-offs in Israel and Ecuador, with significant implications for the global aquaculture industry. The discovery provides critical genomic and protein sequences necessary for disease detection, containment, and vaccine development.
Scientists discovered that microorganisms recognize multiple codons for the rare amino acid selenocysteine, expanding our understanding of the genetic vocabulary. The findings also highlight the context-dependency of the genetic code and its potential plasticity.
Scientists at Kyoto University have sequenced the buckwheat genome, identifying genes that could improve cultivation and taste. The team found genes related to 'mochi-ness', which give foods a soft, chewy texture, and those that synthesize proanthocyanidins, making buckwheat darker in color.
Researchers sequenced Zika virus genomes from Brazil to estimate a single entry point into the Americas, likely between May and December 2013. This timing correlates with major cultural events and increased air travel from Zika-endemic regions.
Researchers analyzed the genetic makeup of Zika viruses in Brazil, finding a single introduction date of May-December 2013. The study suggests a correlation between Zika virus and microcephaly cases, but more research is needed to establish causation.
MeCP2 binds genome-wide using DNA sequence features, revealing diverse modes of binding largely independent of methylation status. Local MeCP2 activities explain gene expression patterns in neurons.
Researchers aim to collect and analyze 100,000 TB samples to create a database of MDR-TB genes, enabling faster diagnosis using whole genome sequencing. The project, CRyPTIC, will take around five years to complete and could potentially save lives by providing the right treatment.
Researchers at Stowers Institute have mapped where genetic recombination occurs in fruit flies, providing insights into understanding chromosomes and inheritance mechanisms. The study reveals separate mechanisms for crossovers and non-crossovers, with varying distributions and rules for each chromosome arm.
Researchers have created a robust method for comparing metagenome-coupled DNA sequences from all organisms in a sample, allowing for more effective and quick comparison of samples. This approach, based on k-mer frequencies, can detect previously unknown segments of DNA and improve the analysis of intestinal bacteria.
A study published in Genome Biology and Evolution sequenced the genome of Metaseiulus occidentalis, a predatory mite widely used to control plant pests. The research revealed completely atomized Hox genes and superdynamic intron evolution, highlighting the unique biology of this agriculturally important predator.
Researchers uncovered a group of retroviruses called ERV-Fc that affected 28 out of 50 modern mammal ancestors, spreading across every continent except Antarctica and Australia. The study also reveals patterns of evolutionary change and gene exchange between these viruses and other pathogens.
Researchers at TSRI successfully sequenced individual neuron genomes and produced live mice carrying neuronal genomes in all of their cells. They found that each neuron contained an average of more than 100 mutations and accumulated more mutations in genes used frequently.
A new software called EaSeq enables biomedical researchers to study and test hypotheses using their own data in a matter of hours. This analytical tool improves the analysis of ChIP sequencing data, which holds potential for clinical applications.
An Ibero-American team has sequenced the Mesoamerican common bean genome, which will aid in improving production and conserving genetic varieties. The discovery has significant implications for agriculture, as it will help identify genes involved in disease resistance, drought tolerance, and seed quality.
Scientists discovered that a wild plant from Bolivia is almost identical to the cultivated peanut species, dating back over 10,000 years. The hybridization of two wild species led to the formation of today's crop plant, with the new genome sequences providing access to 96% of all peanut genes.
Researchers confirm shelled mammal as armadillo's ancestor, revealing recent ancestral connections that have long fascinated biologists. The study sheds light on the glyptodont's place within the Xenarthra group and its extinction during the Ice Age.
An international team discovered how microorganisms, the Hadesarchaea, survive without oxygen and light, using carbon monoxide to gain energy. This finding expands our understanding of archaea that thrive in deep biosphere environments.
Dr. Eric S. Lander is awarded the 2015 Philip Hauge Abelson Prize for his contributions to genetics, molecular biology, and mathematics. He has made significant advancements in human genome sequencing and interpretation, which have transformed biological research.
Researchers at IBS created multiplex Digenome-seq to detect errors in CRISPR-Cas9 processes. The tool uses cell-free genomic DNA and sgRNA to identify on- and off-target sites, providing precise analysis results.
Researchers discovered that Dark-fly has a competitive advantage in reproduction over its wild-type counterpart when bred in the dark. The team sequenced the genome of Dark-fly and identified 28 genetic regions responsible for its unique adaptations, including genes involved in pheromone synthesis and circadian rhythms.
The seagrass genome has been sequenced, revealing evolutionary changes that enabled plants to thrive in the marine environment. The findings have significant implications for food security, climate change, and marine conservation.
Researchers developed a portable DNA sequencing system to monitor outbreaks, generating sequencing information in under an hour and providing crucial clues to epidemiologists. This technology has vast applications, including cancer research, and can impact response efforts during epidemics.
The bed bug's genome has been sequenced, offering insights into its unique biology and potential targets for controlling its resurgence. The study found that bed bugs have evolved multiple ways to resist insecticides, including barriers and detoxification genes.
Researchers sequenced a seagrass genome, revealing genes that enable plants to adapt to saline environments. The study provides insights into salt tolerance and could inform crop breeding to improve resilience in the face of climate change.
The San Diego Zoo Global has fully sequenced the 'Alalā, or Hawaiian crow's genome, which will help track genetic challenges in a species reduced to 20 birds. The sequencing is crucial for understanding how to reintroduce the species into prepared habitat on the island of Hawaii.
The great tit's reference genome shows epigenetic processes influencing learning and cognitive processes, with conserved patterns found in humans and other mammals. The study suggests a correlation between methylation levels and molecular evolution rate.
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have made a major improvement in CRISPR-Cas9 technology, achieving an unprecedented success rate of 60% when replacing short stretches of DNA with normal sequences. This technique is especially useful for repairing genetic mutations that cause hereditary diseases.
The GenomeSpace platform enables biologist-friendly genomic data analysis by connecting over 20 bioinformatics software packages. It provides 'recipes' - step-by-step workflows - to help non-programming researchers interpret their genomic data, including tools for gene expression and protein interaction analysis.
A new algorithm has been proposed to automatically search for genes in DNA sequences, making it more efficient and accurate. The BRAKER1 algorithm combines the advantages of existing tools and has already been downloaded by over 1500 laboratories worldwide.
Researchers found that different color patches on butterfly wings are controlled by independent genetic switches, which can be mixed and matched between species to create new patterns. This phenomenon allows butterflies to share common warning signs with predators, a form of mimicry.
Researchers at Institut Pasteur in French Guiana have sequenced the complete genome of the Zika virus, showing almost complete homology with strains responsible for the 2013-2014 Pacific epidemic. The analysis provides a major starting point for understanding how the virus behaves and shedding light on its impact.
A University of Cincinnati study using RNA-sequencing analysis on a pregnant cockroach has identified 11,000 possible genes, with unique expressed genes corresponding to each developmental stage. The research holds potential for understanding how stress during pregnancy affects both mother and offspring in mammals.
Scientists at the University of Minnesota and BioNano Genomics have developed a new method to analyze DNA sequences in nanochannels, enabling more accurate genome mapping. By analyzing the probability distributions of DNA barcode label separations, researchers can identify structural oddities and improve the accuracy of genome maps.
A new open-source tool called NanoOK provides comprehensive alignment-based quality control and error profile analysis for the MinION platform. The tool is easily extensible through a Java programming interface and handles metagenomic sampling gracefully.
The African cheetah's genome sequence has revealed a lack of genetic variation and unique adaptations that contribute to its incredible speed. The study has shed light on the cheetah's past and its struggles with reproductive impairments, providing valuable lessons for conservation efforts.
Researchers used genome sequencing to trace Ebola's spread in Liberia, finding that most cases were linked to a single introduction of the virus in September 2014. The study suggests that widespread migration within Liberia contributed to the outbreak's magnitude and longevity.
The red clover genome provides a valuable tool for improving the beneficial traits of this important forage crop, including its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and provide protein-rich livestock feed. The genome assembly will pave the way towards genomics-assisted breeding methods for forage legumes.
Researchers induced different head shapes in flatworms by manipulating electrical synapses, shedding light on the role of bioelectrical networks in evolution. The findings could improve understanding of birth defects and regeneration.
Researchers found that tardigrades have a massive amount of foreign DNA, with around 17.5% coming from non-tardigrade sources, primarily bacteria. This challenges conventional views on how DNA is inherited and raises new questions about the connection between foreign DNA and extreme environment survival.
Researchers have sequenced the complete genetic makeup of a type of algae called haptophytes, which are abundant in oceans and account for 30-40% of photosynthesis. The study reveals new insights into how these algal species regulate their fat content, which could help improve biofuel production, nutrition and ecology.
Researchers at the University of Kansas sequenced the genomes of microscopic parasites known as myxozoans, revealing they are highly reduced cnidarians. The findings challenge traditional definitions of an animal and could have commercial implications for aquaculture.
Researchers developed a strategy to recover plastid sequences from nuclear DNA in plants. This allows for the assembly of complete chloroplast genomes, providing valuable information about evolutionary relationships and plant processes linked to environmental changes.