Longer DNA fragments reveal rare species diversity
Researchers used longer-read sequencing technology to reconstruct microbial communities, revealing over 400 previously unknown species and improving understanding of environmental processes.
Genome Sequencing
Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
Simplifying SNP discovery in the cotton genome
Researchers developed a strategy to identify and genotype SNPs in complex cotton genomes using genotyping-by-sequencing. The approach employs Stacks software to enrich for orthologous DNA fragments, allowing for detection of polymorphisms between individuals.
Researchers develop detailed genetic map of world wheat varieties
Scientists at Kansas State University have developed a haplotype map of wheat that provides a detailed description of genetic differences in worldwide wheat lines. This study enables the precise mapping of genes and increases the selection of best lines for breeding, leading to faster release times for new varieties.
Life scientists streamline cutting-edge technique to edit mosquito genome
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a more efficient method to edit the mosquito genome using CRISPR-Cas9, enabling faster studies of disease-causing genes. This breakthrough may aid in developing novel strategies to control mosquito-borne diseases and reduce their impact on human health.
MRSA can linger in homes, spreading among its inhabitants
A recent study found that MRSA can persist in households for years, spreading from person to person and evolving genetically. The bacteria can be transmitted through household members, especially those with skin infections, and can even acquire extraneous DNA over time.
Genetics breakthrough by group that includes UF expert will boost diabetes resear
A research group including a UF expert has located and narrowed down genes that play a role in Type 1 diabetes. The findings will help predict who might develop the disease and how to prevent it, leading to more effective treatments.
Sequencing the hookworm
The genome of Ancylostoma ceylanicum, a nematode that infects up to 400 million people worldwide, has been sequenced. The study identified genes active during infection and potential drug targets. The findings could lead to new treatments for parasitic hookworms.
First detailed microscopy evidence of bacteria at the lower size limit of life
Scientists capture first detailed images of ultra-small bacteria, average volume of 0.009 cubic microns, with unique internal structure and metabolism. The discovery sheds light on the role of microbes in climate, food and water supply, and ecosystems.
Key genes for symbiosis between mycorrhiza fungi and trees evolved several times
An international team analyzed 49 fungal genomes, revealing that key genome adaptation enabling symbiosis evolved independently in numerous lines of fungi. The study provides crucial information on how symbiosis between fungi and trees evolved, enabling scientists to improve prediction of reaction to environmental modifications.
Retracing the roots of fungal symbioses
A team of researchers analyzed 49 fungal genomes, revealing that mycorrhizal fungi evolved independently in many fungal lineages. The study also found that up to 40% of symbiosis-induced genes were restricted to a single mycorrhizal species.
Jumping genes have essential biological functions
Researchers have discovered that Alu RNAs form complexes with specific proteins, regulating ribosome activity and contributing to cell immunity. This process helps cells adapt to stress and defend against viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C.
Molecular evidence for the loss of 3 basic tastes in penguins
A University of Michigan-led study has found that penguins have lost the genes for the umami and bitter tastes, as well as a sweeter taste, which is puzzling given their diet of fish. The loss of these tastes likely occurred due to ancient climate-cooling events in Antarctica.
How the Eastern tiger swallowtail got 'scary'
The Eastern tiger swallowtail's genome has been sequenced, revealing mutations in proteins responsible for its unique circadian rhythm and stinky substance used to scare off predators. This breakthrough opens the door for more insect genome sequencing projects at an affordable price.
BGI study confirms accuracy of its NIFTY in nearly 147,000 pregnancies
A large-scale study confirms BGI's NIFTY test accuracy for trisomy 21, 18, and 13 in nearly 147,000 pregnancies, showing high sensitivity and specificity. The study also found that high-quality NIPT service can be achieved with strict protocols and standards.
Cyanobacterium found in algae collection holds promise for biotech applications
Scientists have identified a fast-growing cyanobacterial strain, Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973, which grows at over 50% per hour. The strain's genome is remarkably similar to another widely studied cyanobacterium, and its genetic determinants of rapid growth may hold the key to unlocking new biotech applications.
Largest-ever autism genome study finds most siblings have different autism-risk genes
A recent study of 340 whole genomes from 85 families with two children affected by autism found that most siblings share different autism-linked genes. The research, led by Stephen Scherer, provides new insights into the complex genetic underpinnings of autism and suggests that each child with autism is unique.
Introgression in the pig genome leads to their altitude adaptation
Researchers identified a set of gene loci responsible for thermostatic regulation in Chinese pigs, highlighting the importance of introgression in adaptation. The study found that adaptations to cold and hot environments were triggered by interspecies introgression, providing insights into evolutionary history and adaptation mechanisms.
Mapping the maize genome
Researchers have developed a detailed positional cloning protocol to locate genes within the large and complex maize genome. This technique allows for the identification of genetic markers linked to specific traits, enabling precise localization of candidate regions until the gene is identified.
One pipeline that combines many gene-finding tools
A new pipeline combines multiple gene-finding tools to identify genetic markers for phylogenetic study from limited genomic data. The approach, MAKER2, was used to develop loci useful for phylogenetic study in the flowering plant genus Penstemon.
Project pinpoints 12 new genetic causes of developmental disorders
A nationwide project has revealed 12 new genetic causes of developmental disorders, including intellectual disabilities and congenital heart defects. The Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) project sequenced DNA from over 1,000 children to identify the genes responsible for their conditions.
Virus causing mass duck die-offs on Cape Cod identified
A novel orthomyxovirus, Wellfleet Bay virus (WFBV), has been linked to cyclic mass mortality events in eider ducks on Cape Cod. The study found that WFBV is likely tick-borne and contributes to the deaths, but other factors such as parasitic worms and stress may also play a role.
Reshaping the horse through millennia
A recent study using whole genome sequencing of ancient and modern horses has identified 125 candidate genes involved in physical and behavioral traits. The research also highlights the 'cost of domestication', including increased levels of inbreeding and deleterious mutations in domesticated horses.
'Big bang' of bird evolution mapped by international research team
Scientists sequenced the genomes of 48 bird species to reveal a new family tree for birds and understand their rapid evolution after the mass extinction. The study resolves fundamental questions about bird diversity and adaptations.
Birds of a feather? NSU researcher working to unlock the genome of birds
A four-year project studied the genome sequence of 48 bird species, shedding light on how they evolved and adapted. The research revealed new candidate gene associations with vocal learning, skeletal development, and plumage for mating display.
Scientists reveal new family tree for birds, clear back to dinosaur parents
A large international group of scientists has published the results of a first-ever look at the genome of dozens of common birds, revealing how modern birds evolved after the mass extinction that wiped out dinosaurs. The research also provides insight into how songbirds learn to sing and brain connection with human speech.
March of the penguin genomes
The study provides insights into how penguins have adapted to the cold Antarctic environment through complex biological systems. The researchers identified genes related to beta-keratins, lipid metabolism, and forelimb evolution that are unique to penguins.
International team maps 'big bang' of bird evolution
An international team has sequenced and compared full genomes of 48 bird species to resolve the timing and relationships of modern birds. The study suggests that only a few bird lineages survived the mass extinction event, giving rise to the 10,000 Neoaves species that comprise 95% of all bird species.
Scientists reconstruct genome of common ancestor of crocodiles, birds, dinosaurs
Researchers reconstructed a partial genome of the common ancestor of crocodiles, birds, and dinosaurs, showing an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution in crocodilians. The team found that population sizes declined sharply during the last ice age, with alligator populations experiencing a continuous decline.
Mapping the tree of life
A team of scientists completed the largest whole genome study of a single class of animals to date, sequencing and comparing full genomes of 48 bird species. The study resolves early branches in the tree of life of modern birds, providing new insights into their evolutionary history and adaptation to different lifestyles.
International team maps 'big bang' of bird evolution
A global collaboration has sequenced and compared full genomes of 48 bird species, revealing the origins of feathers, flight, song, and sex chromosomes. The study resolves key debates on bird family trees and evolutionary timelines.
Genomic analysis, key to understanding bird evolution
A team of scientists has developed a detailed map of the bird genome, shedding light on their evolution and diversification. The study reveals that birds have lost hundreds of genes compared to humans, leading to unique traits such as lighter skeletons and respiratory systems.
New study uses DNA to solve mystery of sudden unexplained death
Researchers at Scripps Translational Science Institute are using DNA to investigate sudden deaths in San Diego County, aiming to identify genetic mechanisms and develop preventative screening programs. The study hopes to provide closure for families and potentially save lives.
Genome sequencing traces MRSA spread in high transmission setting
Researchers used genome sequencing to track MRSA spread in a Thai hospital with high transmission rates, revealing multiple distinct clades and transmission events between patients and staff. The study highlights the need for improved hand hygiene practices and measures of within-host bacterial diversity.
Study of malaria parasites receives 4-year NIH grant of up to $1.8 million
Researchers at Texas Biomed are using new genomic tools to analyze individual malaria parasites, allowing for more effective treatment and vaccine design.
Using genome sequencing to track MRSA in under-resourced hospitals
A new study published in Genome Research tracked the spread of MRSA in a hospital with high transmission rates using genome sequencing. The team identified multiple distinct clades of MRSA and confirmed numerous transmission events between patients, highlighting the importance of infection control measures such as hand-washing.
Genome sequencing for newborns: What do new parents think?
A study published in Genetics in Medicine found that most new parents are interested in genomic sequencing for their newborns. The study surveyed 514 parents within 48 hours of birth and found that 82.7% were somewhat, very, or extremely interested in the testing.
Electric eels deliver Taser-like shocks
Researchers have discovered that electric eels use a Taser-like system to locate and incapacitate their prey. The eel emits high-frequency pulses that cause muscle contractions, temporarily paralyzing the prey within three to four milliseconds.
New study validates usefulness of genomic medicine in children with neurologic disorders
A new study published in Science Translational Medicine confirms the benefits of genomic medicine in diagnosing children with neurologic disorders. Genomic testing has ended diagnostic odysseys for families, leading to changes in clinical impressions and management, while also reducing wait times by over six years.
Blind Scottish centipede unlocks clues to the origins of creepy crawlies
The genome of Strigamia maritima, a blind Scottish centipede, has been sequenced, providing insights into the genetic basis of centipede biology and the diversification of arthropods. The study reveals that these animals have lost genes encoding light receptors and circadian rhythm, suggesting alternative detection mechanisms.
Real-time genome sequencing helps control hospital outbreak
Researchers used whole genome sequencing to track and control an Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, identifying transmission hotspots and implementing new decontamination protocols. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of real-time genome sequencing in controlling hospital outbreaks.
House fly sex may reveal one key to controlling them
The house fly genome project has uncovered genes responsible for male traits that evolve exceptionally fast and are gained and lost from the genome at a high rate. These findings hold promise for developing pest control strategies that do not rely on chemical pesticides, by targeting sex determination systems.
Unexpected cross-species contamination in genome sequencing projects
Researchers discovered contaminating bacterial and viral sequences in animal and plant genomes, highlighting the importance of careful screening. The study found unexpected DNA mixtures, including cow and sheep DNA in a supposedly finished genome, emphasizing the need for rigorous data analysis.
Medical ethics experts outline strategy for overcoming reimbursement barriers for clinical genome sequencing tests
Genomic tests using next generation sequencing technologies face access issues due to inadequate evidence on clinical utility. Experts suggest a four-pronged approach to improve access, including robust validation studies, prioritizing research and evidence, and evolving the evidence review process.
Termite of the sea's wood destruction strategy revealed
Researchers have discovered a novel enzyme production strategy in shipworms that breaks down wood, shedding light on the potential for these bivalves to produce biofuels. The study's findings could provide valuable insights and tools for biomass-based industries.
Scripps researchers identify new genetic cause of epilepsy
Researchers at Scripps Translational Science Institute have identified a new genetic cause of epileptic encephalopathy, a severe and complex form of epilepsy. The KCNB1 gene mutation was found in a 10-year-old girl, offering new treatment options for her condition.
Discovering the undiscovered -- advancing new tools to fill in the microbial tree of life
The discovery of novel microbial life through genomic technologies has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of Earth's biodiversity. Eddy Rubin proposes a new framework for categorizing microbial life into explored, unexplored, and undiscovered categories.
BGI Tech and Hebei Agricultural University complete the genome sequencing of the jujube tree
The Jujube genome has the highest degree of heterozygosity among sequenced plants, but BGI Tech's sequencing technology successfully decoded 98.6% of its genes, identifying 32,808 genes. This breakthrough will facilitate genetic improvement and selective breeding of Buckthorn fruit trees.
Genome sequenced of enterovirus D68 circulating in St. Louis
The researchers sequenced the genome of enterovirus D68 from patients treated at St. Louis Children's Hospital, enabling additional research and potential diagnostic tests. The study found that seven of nine patients with the D68 strain had severe disease requiring ICU admission.
New ALS-associated gene identified using innovative strategy
Researchers identified the TUBA4A gene as associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurological disorder. The mutated protein weakens the microtubule network, leading to motor neuron death and paralysis.
New sequencing reveals genetic history of tomatoes
Researchers analyzed 360 tomato varieties and wild strains to understand the impact of domestication and breeding on cultivated tomatoes. The study identified genes responsible for larger fruit size and increased disease resistance, but also found areas of genetic uniformity that could be addressed in future breeding.
Researchers to receive $4.4 million from NIH to harness biomedical data 'goldmines'
The Scripps Research Institute and Scripps Translational Science Institute will receive funding for a new Center for Excellence in Big Data Computing, enabling the collective mining of biomedical data. The initiative aims to accelerate research efforts on rare diseases using open approaches and citizen science platforms.
A novel roadmap through bacterial genomes leads the way to new drug discovery
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a database that analyzes microbial genomic data to speed up the discovery of new therapeutic drugs. The database allows scientists to identify promising gene clusters and predict the production of natural products, enabling them to target specific bacterial strains for study.
Cattle code cracked in detail
Scientists have created a global database that increases detailed knowledge of the cattle genome by several orders of magnitude. The database contains genomes of over 1,200 animals from various breeds, providing a comprehensive resource for studying cattle genetics and livestock history.
RCas9: A programmable RNA editing tool
A team of researchers has demonstrated a means by which CRISPR/Cas9 can be programmed to recognize and cleave RNA at sequence-specific target sites. This allows for direct RNA transcript detection, analysis and manipulation, paving the way for transformative studies in RNA function.
Project launched to study evolutionary history of fungi
A four-year National Science Foundation-funded project aims to resolve the evolutionary relationships of zygomycetes through genome sequencing, fossil analysis, and bioimaging. The project will also develop educational resources highlighting the importance of this poorly known group of fungi.
Iberian pig genome remains unchanged after 5 centuries
Researchers have sequenced an ancient Iberian pig genome from the 16th century, finding it closely related to today's Iberian pig breed. The study suggests no significant changes in the genome over the past five centuries.
Gene variant that dramatically reduces 'bad' lipids
A rare genetic variant in the APOC3 gene has been identified as a significant contributor to reduced triglyceride levels, associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease. The study analyzed data from 4,000 healthy individuals and found that approximately 0.2% of the population carries this variant.
Decoding virus-host interactions in the oxygen-starved ocean
Researchers uncover new insights into viral infections influencing SUP05 ecology and metabolic potential in oxygen-minimum zones. The study reveals viruses play a crucial role in marine microbial ecology below sunlit surface waters, with implications for ocean carbon cycling.
Thousands of nuclear loci via target enrichment and genome skimming
A team of scientists used the Hyb-Seq method to sequence hundreds of nuclear loci and plastomes from milkweeds, providing a significant advance over previous methods. This approach combines target enrichment and genome skimming to reduce genomic complexity and increase sequencing efficiency.
Glanville fritillary genome sequenced at the University of Helsinki
The Glanville fritillary genome, approximately 390 million base pairs long, has been fully sequenced at the University of Helsinki. The study confirms a key hypothesis about the ancestral lepidopteran species' chromosome count, revealing stability over 140 million years.