Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new approach may help doctors tailor treatments for women at risk of preterm birth by identifying genetic differences. Progesterone injections have been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent preterm births, but not all women respond to treatment.
Researchers have determined how Cas9, a bacterial enzyme, identifies and degrades foreign DNA during viral infections and induces site-specific genetic changes. The presence of short DNA sequences known as PAM is critical to the ability of Cas9 to target and cleave DNA sequences.
Researchers sequenced genomes of 42 yeast strains, revealing more variation in S. cerevisiae than its wild relative, S. paradoxus. Subtelomeric regions harbor genome variation contributing to differences in traits between strains.
The study sheds light on the genetic overlap between modern dogs and wolves, suggesting interbreeding after dog domestication. Dogs are more closely related to each other than wolves, regardless of geographic origin, indicating a shared ancestry that diverged in recent past.
Researchers found that variations in non-coding DNA sequences influence insulin-producing cell behavior in people with type 2 diabetes. Genome sequences controlling gene activity were identified, and genetic variants associated with diabetes risk were also linked to these clusters.
Researchers have developed a new approach using long-range PCR and next-generation sequencing to obtain large phylogenomic data sets, increasing accuracy in reconstructing evolutionary history. This method allows for the amplification of larger DNA fragments, enabling the targeting of specific genomic regions.
The study found that cartilaginous fish, including the elephant shark, have slower rates of intron evolution than invertebrates. This suggests a general characteristic of vertebrates and helps clarify relationships between different jawed vertebrate groups. The findings provide unique insights into gnathostome evolution.
The Global Invertebrate Genomic Alliance (GIGA) aims to promote comparative genomics and bioinformatics research on non-insect/non-nematode invertebrates. The consortium will facilitate comparisons of genomic studies across multiple labs, improving understanding of animal diversity and the tree of life.
Researchers have discovered that the mitochondria of Amborella trichopoda, a sprawling shrub in the remote South Pacific, have acquired six genome equivalents of foreign DNA. The plant's energy-producing organelles absorbed genes from moss, green algae and flowering plants, creating an enormous mitochondrial genome.
The Amborella genome sequence reveals a 'genome doubling event' that occurred 200 million years ago, explaining the sudden proliferation of new flower species. The discovery provides insights into the genetic origins of important traits in food crops and has significant implications for crop improvement.
A new cooperative consortium, Global Invertebrate Genomics Alliance (GIGA), was formed to explore the genomic basis of unique features in invertebrates. GIGA aims to promote comparative genomics and bioinformatics research on non-insect/non-nematode invertebrates.
Scientists have sequenced the genome of the spotted wing drosophila, a major pest affecting blueberries, cherries, and other fruits. The publicly accessible SpottedWingFlyBase Web portal provides valuable data for researchers to develop more effective monitoring and control strategies.
Researchers from LSTM and international biologists sequenced the king cobra genome, showing dynamic evolution and adaptation in its venom system. The study reveals rapid expansion of gene families that produce venom toxins, providing snakes with a highly toxic protein mixture.
Researchers have sequenced and analyzed the Burmese python genome, revealing genes that enable extreme feats of organ remodeling and digestion. The study sheds light on the evolutionary biology of snakes and may hold vital clues for treating human diseases such as metabolic disorders and cancer.
The Burmese python genome study found large numbers of rapidly evolved genes linked to extreme characteristics such as rapid increases in metabolism and organ growth after feeding. The researchers discovered that snakes have undergone incredible changes at all levels of their biology, including physiological and molecular changes.
The analysis of Rhizophagus irregularis genome reveals its unique ability to capture phosphorus and communicate with plants through cell-to-cell signaling. The fungus has retained much of its metabolic machinery, unlike many other obligate parasitic organisms.
A 24,000-year-old Siberian individual's genome shows close affinity to modern Native Americans and west Eurasians, contradicting the traditional East Asian origin story. This finding indicates two distinct Old World populations contributed to the formation of the First American gene pool.
Researchers used genomic sequences to reconstruct metabolic repertoire for each strain, predicting its environmental niche. The analysis could help develop ways to control deadly E. coli infections and identify new strains.
The research aims to identify and classify microscopic eukaryote species using new genome sequencing technology, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the vital environmental functions they play. The network will bring together researchers from different fields to study global patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function.
A new research coordination network is working to study eukaryotic biodiversity using high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. Researchers will focus on microscopic organisms playing vital roles in ecosystems, such as breaking down organic matter and turning over soil nutrients.
The DOE JGI 2014 Community Science Program portfolio explores functional information from complex ecosystems, addressing energy and environmental challenges. The inaugural round of eight accepted proposals focus on carbon cycling and biofuels production.
The decoded kiwifruit genome shows significant genetic similarities with other plant species like potatoes and tomatoes, highlighting two major evolutionary events that occurred millions of years ago. The study provides valuable resources for kiwifruit research and breeding programs to improve fruit quality and disease resistance.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine developed a new approach to understand how master regulators read the genome and turn genes on and off. By analyzing DNA sequence differences affecting these proteins, they found that mutations impact neighboring transcription factors needed to make functional enhancers.
A new method called TGV (TALE-mediated Genome Visualization) allows researchers to observe the localization of specific DNA sequences inside the nucleus of living cells. This study tracked male and female genes after fertilization, revealing new prospects for understanding cell cycle dynamics, DNA behavior, and parent gene expression.
The UK is tackling the issue of food poisoning caused by Campylobacter coli through a new two-year study funded by the Food Standards Agency. Researchers will analyze 500 genomes from various sources to identify genetic markers that can help track the bacteria's presence in different environments.
Researchers have discovered an unprecedented change in the French-Canadian genomic signature over 400 years, with rare mutations accumulating at an alarming rate. This finding has significant implications for understanding population-specific diseases and conservation genetics.
Researchers discovered haloarchaea dominate Deep Lake's microbial community, exchanging DNA among species and genera. The microbes' ability to share genetic information enables specialization, coexistence, and adaptability.
Researchers have pinpointed a specific gene responsible for Prader-Willi syndrome, an imprinted disease affecting muscle tone, feeding difficulties, and intellectual disability. The study identified mutations in the MAGEL2 gene, which was found in three additional patients with similar symptoms.
Researchers have closed the genetic map of the fungal kingdom by sequencing the genome of Pyronema confluens, a basal filamentous ascomycete. The study reveals key differences between this species and higher ascomycetes, shedding light on the evolution of mating type genes and light-activated processes.
Researchers found nearly 200 genomic regions with similar genes in bats and dolphins, indicating convergent evolution of echolocation. The study used a massive genome-wide survey to identify genetic signatures consistent with convergence in 'hearing genes',
Researchers sequenced 147 Mycobacterium bovis genomes to track bovine TB outbreaks, revealing local transmission mechanisms drive the spread of the disease. The study provides unprecedented insight into how the disease spreads and will inform control methods.
Researchers used phylogenetics to analyze whole genome sequences of TB, revealing 39 new genes associated with elevated drug resistance. The findings suggest a multistep process for acquiring resistance and implications for targeted detection methods.
The CARRE Foundation has awarded a $100,000 grant to the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) for an in-depth genomic investigation into MSA. TGen's research will utilize whole genome sequencing and family-based investigations to uncover novel genetic associations with MSA.
Researchers discover REVs originated in mammals and spread to birds through medical intervention, revealing an unusual evolutionary history. The study suggests REVs were introduced into poultry and subsequently into avian cell culture systems, impacting wild birds and domestic poultry.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in genome editing technology, enabling precise control over genetic changes in fruit flies. The CRISPR RNA/Cas9 system allows for targeted mutations and gene expression manipulation, opening up new possibilities for studying human diseases and developing gene therapies.
A single gene, called Shell, has been identified in the oil palm tree that controls its yield. The discovery allows breeders to boost palm oil yields by nearly one-third, providing a promising solution for agriculture and environmental concerns.
Scientists have mapped the genomes of two oil palm species and identified a critical gene for yield improvement. The discovery has implications for enhancing sustainable palm oil production while reducing pressure on wild rainforests, which account for nearly half of global edible vegetable oil.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have identified a genetic mutation that causes congenital malformations of the kidney and urinary tract. The findings suggest that DSTYK mutations account for 2.2% of urinary tract defects in humans, providing a new diagnostic category for clinicians to make precise molecular diagnoses.
Researchers used single-cell genomics to identify 201 distinct microbial genomes, revealing unexpected metabolic features and resolving relationships within and between microbial phyla. The study provides a profound leap of understanding the microbial evolution on our planet.
A collaborative effort by Autism Speaks has found full genome sequencing examining the entire DNA code of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their family members. The study identified genetic variations associated with risk for ASD, including de novo, X-linked, and inherited DNA lesions in four new genes.
A new study published in mBio confirms that the cholera epidemic in Haiti was caused by a single introduction of Vibrio cholerae bacteria from Nepal, rather than repeated introductions. The strains have not acquired new genetic material since their introduction and have limited ability to acquire genes through transformation.
A major step forward in understanding plant gene regulation has been made with the creation of a genomic map that localizes regulatory regions in plant genomes. This map will help scientists identify key genomic regions controlling traits important to farmers.
Research reveals that focusing on coding regions through high-depth coverage whole genome sequencing can accurately identify genetic variations behind CMT, outperforming exome sequencing. Exome sequencing offers greater sensitivity and fewer false positives due to its higher coverage, providing a superior approach for precision medicine.
A 700,000-year-old horse fossil found in the Yukon permafrost has provided new insight into equine evolution, revealing a genome that falls within a line of modern horses and Przewalski's Horses. The study also showed episodes of severe demographic fluctuations in horse populations linked to major climatic changes.
A 700,000 year old horse's genome has been sequenced, revealing major genomic changes over the last 700,000 years of evolution. The study provides unprecedented details on the genetic makeup of modern horses and sheds light on the origin of Przewalski's Horse population.
Researchers at the University of Exeter Medical School have diagnosed a rare condition, MDP Syndrome, in Paralympic hopeful Tom Staniford through genetic sequencing. The discovery may help Tom's bid to participate in the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games and improve understanding of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Emiliania huxleyi, a microscopic plankton species that forms the chalky skeletons of the White Cliffs of Dover. The study reveals unexpected features in the algae's genetic code, which may hold secrets to producing nutritional supplements and biofuels.
Researchers find genetic diversity as key to the species' adaptive potential, global distribution, and ability to thrive in various ocean environments. The study reveals a pan-genome with a core set of genes supplemented by region-specific genes, enabling the calcified alga to live almost everywhere at the ocean surface.
The Ehux genome reveals variability that explains its ability to thrive in diverse ocean conditions, influencing global carbon cycling. The pan-genome analysis sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of physiological and morphological variations among isolates.
A team of Spanish researchers has sequenced the global deep ocean genome using over 2,000 samples of microorganisms collected from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. This groundbreaking study reveals a vast unknown species of microorganisms with intense biological activity.
A recent study published in Nature Genetics reveals that self-fertilizing plants like Red Shepherd's Purse accumulate harmful mutations over time, reducing genetic diversity. This can lead to extinction, highlighting the importance of preserving crop genetic variation to avoid yield losses due to mutation accumulation.
Researchers have discovered a molecular mechanism that helps stabilize chromosome ends, preventing cell death. The 'telosome' protein complex, formed by sequence repeats and transcription factors, protects chromosomal ends through a VELCRO-like structure.
A recent genome study identified genetic markers that can lead to higher yielding cocoa plants with better taste. Researchers sequenced the genome of the most commonly cultivated cacao plant and found a gene involved in pod color variation, which can help improve the quality of cocoa beans.
Researchers found that white tigers owe their color to a variant of the SLC45A2 gene. This discovery may lead to reintroduction of white tigers into their wild habitat.
Scientists have mapped Norway spruce's massive genome, identifying 29,000 functional genes. The seven times larger genome is attributed to 'genome obesity' from repetitive DNA sequences, a challenge in conifers.
The DOE JGI has established new partnerships to develop emerging technologies in genomics and single-cell analysis, including scalable DNA synthesis and high-throughput sequencing. These collaborations aim to enhance the Institute's capabilities and support DOE missions related to clean energy and environmental characterization.
Researchers analyzed the genome of C. botulinum bacteria to understand how they acquired their deadly neurotoxin gene cluster. The study found that the bacteria picked up the cluster in a single event and discovered fragments of other toxin genes, suggesting a 'hotspot' for gene transfer.
A Texas A&M University research team has successfully sequenced the complete genome of a Scarlet macaw, providing new insights into avian evolution and conservation. The genome analysis revealed significant differences between the macaw and chickens, shedding light on genetic factors influencing longevity and intelligence.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute discovered that three children with Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation had mutation-only in some cell types, raising questions about inheritance and genomic sequencing. The study highlights the importance of using multiple diagnostic tests to accurately diagnose rare diseases.
The sacred lotus genome sequencing reveals its close resemblance to the ancestor of all eudicots, a group including apple, cabbage, and soybean. The study found that duplicated genes related to wax formation and survival in mineral-starved habitats were retained, making lotus an ideal reference plant for studying other eudicots.