Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers sequenced over 99 Ebola virus genomes from 78 patients in Sierra Leone, finding more than 300 genetic changes that make the 2014 Ebola virus distinct from previous outbreaks. The data provides insights into the outbreak's origin, transmission, and potential targets for diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies.
A global analysis of honeybee genome variation reveals high levels of genetic diversity and suggests the species originated from Asia. The study also identifies specific mutations linked to adaptation to climate and pathogens, providing new insights into evolution and genetic adaptation.
The completed Canola genome sequence sheds light on its complex evolutionary history with Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Researchers aim to use this knowledge to improve canola traits such as flowering time, disease resistance and nutritional content.
A new deep sequencing approach has identified subtle somatic mutations in patients with brain disorders, revealing previously missed genetic causes. The technique complements whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing, enabling the detection of mutations in as few as 10% of patients' blood cells.
A new statistical model predicts the performance of hybrid rice, revolutionizing hybrid breeding in agriculture. The UC Riverside-led research uses genomic prediction to identify high-performance hybrids, increasing grain production and achieving global food security.
The Antarctic midge's small genome lacks many DNA segments and repeat elements found in most animal genomes. This 'bare-bones' genome may be an evolutionary answer to surviving the cold conditions of Antarctica.
Researchers at UC Davis have sequenced the genome of Solanum pennellii, a wild relative of the domestic tomato. The new data reveals genes related to drought resistance, fruit development, and flavor compounds.
Researchers have sequenced the whole genomes of 234 individual bulls, enabling trait-mapping for improved cattle breeding. The study identified mutations associated with negative impacts on animal health, welfare, and productivity, offering a leverage tool for breeders to extrapolate sequence information to numerous descendants.
Scientists at Helmholtz Munich have gained new insights into the complex gene-regulatory interactions in bread wheat, enabling them to better understand how a polyploid genome is regulated. The study's findings hold promise for improving breeding, agricultural cultivation and industrial properties of bread wheat.
A team of researchers from Kansas State University has completed a chromosome-based draft of the wheat genome, providing a valuable resource for plant science researchers and breeders. The genetic blueprint will enable the rapid location of specific genes controlling complex traits such as yield, grain quality, and disease resistance.
Using lab-cultured bacteria as 'bait,' researchers sequenced complete and partial genomes of 10 million viruses from an ocean water sample, revealing distinct categories and enabling recognition of actual virus populations. This breakthrough enables scientists to study the ecology and evolution of viruses in nature.
A groundbreaking study by Harvard University researchers shows that orb-weaver spiders do not share a single origin, contrary to long-held popular opinion. The study's findings suggest that the orb web evolved independently in two groups of spiders, with distinct behaviors and silk characteristics.
The International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium has released a genetic blueprint for bread wheat, enabling researchers to rapidly locate specific genes on individual chromosomes. This milestone brings the organization closer to its goal of obtaining a complete reference sequence of the hexaploid bread wheat genome within three years.
A study published in JAMA found that whole-exome sequencing successfully identified the underlying gene mutations causing mitochondrial respiratory chain defects, leading to a 60% diagnostic yield. This approach outperformed traditional methods, detecting new potential disease genes and improving the diagnosis of neurometabolic disorders.
A genetic discovery identifies the VIR gene responsible for fruit color change, allowing for more efficient harvesting and increased oil yield. The VIR gene offers a reliable visual cue for oil palm fruit ripeness, paving the way to boost productivity and conserve sensitive wild habitats.
The discovery of the electric eel genome sequence sheds light on the genetic blueprint used to evolve complex, novel organs. Researchers found that fishes with electric organs have evolved six times in history to produce electricity outside their bodies.
A study by LSTM researchers reveals that closely related Anopheles gambiae and A. coluzzii mosquito species can exchange genetic variation to adapt to environmental changes. The transfer of a major insecticide resistance mutation resulted in no detectable impact on reproductive isolation, contrary to expected outcomes.
Scientists at USAMRIID have proposed a set of standards for sequencing viral genomes, providing a common 'language' among researchers. The standards will facilitate the analysis and application of genome sequences across various fields, including diagnostics, vaccine development, and therapeutics.
Researchers analyzed 33 fungal genomes to determine if wood-decaying fungi fall under one of two general classes. They found that some fungi, such as Botryobasidium botryosum and Jaapia argillacea, show similarities to white rot fungi but lack key enzymes, complicating the traditional categorization.
Despite vast genomic data, researchers from the University of Southern Denmark found that DNA sequencing alone cannot distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. The team suggests that proteins provide more valuable knowledge than DNA in understanding bacterial behavior and disease-causing properties. This raises questi...
Clinical genome and exome sequencing is increasingly used to diagnose rare genetic disorders, but its limitations must be understood. Physicians should explore family history, conduct literature searches, and consider informed consent before ordering the test.
A study published in Science found that father's age has a stronger impact on mutation rates in chimpanzees compared to humans, with 90% of new mutations originating from fathers.
Researchers have sequenced the Eucalyptus grandis genome to identify genes influencing biomass production and cell wall composition. The study reveals insights into the tree's evolutionary history and adaptation, offering opportunities for accelerating breeding cycles and minimizing environmental impacts.
Scientists have completed the eucalyptus genome sequence, revealing insights into plant growth rate, wood hardness, and flowering. This breakthrough enables researchers to enhance or suppress traits in the tree for improved biomass yield and stress tolerance.
The common bean genome sequence reveals genes involved in critical traits such as size, flavor, and disease resistance. Identifying these genes will help researchers develop more nutritious and climate-resilient bean varieties.
Researchers have analyzed and compared the genomes of ten diverse citrus varieties, revealing that they originated from two wild citrus species diverged in Southeast Asia over five million years ago. The study provides valuable insights into disease resistance and breeding strategies for improving citrus yields.
A recent study analyzed 10 diverse citrus varieties and found very limited genetic diversity, which could threaten the crop's survival. The researchers hope to enable sequence-directed improvement to produce crops that better resist diseases and environmental changes through modern genomics-guided development.
The Phaseolus genome study provides valuable information on the genetic basis of nitrogen fixation in common beans, a crucial legume for agricultural sustainability. The research identified dense clusters of genes related to disease resistance and nitrogen metabolism, offering potential targets for future crop improvement efforts.
The completed sheep genome sequencing has led to an advanced understanding of genes involved in making sheep unique. The study identified a new pathway for lipid metabolism in sheep skin, which may play a role in wool development and efficient grease production.
The 3000 Rice Genomes Project provides a massive rice genomic sequence resource for worldwide use, quadrupling the current amount of publicly available rice sequence data. This will aid in improving crop yield, reducing environmental impact, and developing food crops suitable for stressed environments.
A team of scientists at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München has identified a new genetic switching element responsible for converting pluripotent stem cells into differentiated cell types. The discovery reveals that specific proteins recognize hydroxymethyluracil, a modified DNA base, to regulate gene activity in stem cells.
The study sequenced the genome of a dampwood termite, highlighting key differences and similarities with other social insects. The findings provide insight into how social insects evolved and could lead to new baits for controlling termites.
A first-of-its-kind study found parallel genomic changes during species formation of a Southern California stick insect, suggesting a repeatable process. The research revealed regions of the genome that exhibited significant differences between populations from different host plants.
A recent genome study has found that polar bears rapidly evolved the ability to consume a fatty diet without developing heart disease due to mutations in cardiovascular function genes. The study also reveals that polar bears diverged from brown bears less than 500,000 years ago.
Researchers at Aarhus University have sequenced the spider genome, providing a genetic map for future studies. The study reveals genes specific to spiders and sheds light on their incredible abilities, such as making silk and producing venom.
A new method for genotyping pine species has been developed using simple sequence repeats, allowing for efficient and cost-effective population-level studies. The technique was tested on over 900 individuals across 100 species, revealing six markers that are particularly useful for understanding genetic structure within ponderosa pine.
Scientists at the University of Liverpool have successfully sequenced the genetic code of the tsetse fly, a major breakthrough in disease control. The genetic information will enable researchers to develop alternative strategies to control sleeping sickness, a fatal disease that kills over 250,000 people each year.
A team of international researchers, including LSTM scientists, has sequenced the genome of the tsetse fly, a key vector for African trypanosomiasis. The study provides valuable insights into tsetse biology and may lead to more effective control strategies, ultimately reducing the human cost and economic losses due to the disease.
The golden eagle genome sheds light on the species' vision, suggesting that ultraviolet light is not as sensitive as previously thought. The study also reveals a sharper sense of smell than initially believed, which could aid in tracking populations and monitoring mortality.
Researchers have sequenced the tsetse fly's genome, providing insights into its biology and potentially leading to new ways to prevent trypanosomiasis. The study's findings could also help develop environmentally-safe insecticides targeting the fly's neuropeptide systems.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports analyzed the DNA recovered from a relic attributed to Louis XVI and found it did not match his expected genetic profile. The analysis revealed a clear French and Italian component, contradicting historical accounts of Louis XVI's physical appearance.
Researchers analyzed the mountain pine beetle's genome and identified potential genetic markers that enable its rapid habitat range expansion. The study found that the beetles can adjust their cellular functions to withstand cooler climates, facilitating a larger geographic dispersal area.
A study by Dr. Yvonne Bombard explores the public's perception on newborn testing, revealing concerns about freedom of choice and the danger of over-diagnosis with whole-genome sequencing. The research highlights the need for a balanced approach to screening programs that prioritize both benefits and potential harms.
Scientists have discovered a correlation between the number of duplicated genes and a species' ability to adapt to novel environments. Higher numbers of these 'small-scale duplication genes' are associated with better adaptation, while lower numbers may hinder species survival.
A new computational tool in Molecular Biology and Evolution helps public health officials investigate disease outbreaks by analyzing genomic data, correctly inferring source cases and transmission clusters. The tool complements traditional epidemiology methods, providing valuable insights into outbreak dynamics.
A study used genome sequencing to predict which MRSA isolates were highly toxic, allowing for personalized treatment. Researchers identified over 100 genetic loci associated with toxicity and found that highly toxic isolates shared a common signature, enabling prediction of disease severity.
A new technique predicts MRSA toxicity from its genome sequence, allowing clinicians to personalize treatment for individual infections. The study identified 125 genetic mutations associated with high or low toxicity, enabling the prediction of severe disease.
The International Peanut Genome Initiative has successfully sequenced the peanut's genome, providing researchers with access to 96% of all peanut genes. This breakthrough will enable the development of drought- and disease-resistant, lower-input, and higher-yielding peanut varieties.
Researchers discovered that enhancers play a crucial role in controlling somatic hypermutation by marking specific sites for hypermutation on antibody genes. This breakthrough resolves a long-standing scientific debate and provides new insights into the targeting mechanism of hypermutation.
The sequencing of the loblolly pine genome has identified a candidate gene involved in resistance to fusiform rust, a devastating disease affecting southern pines. Researchers can use this gene as a marker to track resistance in breeding populations and inform tree planting decisions.
A study of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) found it can aid clinical diagnosis and reveal genetic bases of rare diseases, but also raises questions about reproducibility and reportable findings. Comprehensive interpretation and reporting of clinically significant findings are seldom performed.
A Stanford study found that whole-genome sequencing requires improved sequencing accuracy in disease-associated genes and up to 100 hours of manual assessment by genetic counselors or specialists. The technique's cost and complexity are expected to be higher than initially thought, with estimated costs ranging from $17,000 per person.
A single gene, doublesex, regulates complex wing patterns and structures required for mimicry in swallowtail butterflies. This study reveals that the gene's known role in sexual differentiation has been co-opted to control wing pattern.
Correlation discovered between molecular evolutionary rates and testes weights, suggesting sperm competition fuels genetic variation. Testis size may be key factor in determining genome evolution rates among primate species.
A new tool called REALPHY reconstructs evolutionary trees from sequencing data without errors and biases. The method is simple enough for biologists to use, generating accurate phylogenies quickly.
A universal language is proposed to classify organisms by their genome sequence, enhancing the current biological naming system. This new system adds further information to classify organisms and enables rapid identification of new ones.
The duckweed genome reveals its potential as a biofuel source, with the smallest known plant genome containing fewer than 20,000 protein-encoding genes. This reduced gene count leads to unique characteristics such as neoteny and arrested development.
Researchers at U-M Medical School and institutions worldwide investigate the fiber of our being, discovering how one group of gut bacteria digests complex sugars. Their findings shed light on the science of human nutrition and have implications for commerce and industry.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have detected and sequenced an ancient RNA genome of Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus in a 750-year-old barley grain found in modern-day Egypt. The study pushes back the origin of the virus to at least 2,000 years and reveals how intense farming during the Crusades contributed to its spread.
A new alternative approach to traditional introductory laboratory courses significantly increases student retention rates. Research published in mBio found that SEA-PHAGES students continued on to their second year at over 90% higher rates than other groups.