Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
DOE JGI scientists have overcome major challenges to sequence DNA from ancient cave bear specimens, yielding 40,000-year-old genomic data. The breakthrough enables comparison with modern brown bears and polar bears, shedding light on human predecessors.
The new IMG 1.1 version features enhanced capabilities to improve the efficiency of genome analysis, including a function to compare gene occurrence profiles and support infrastructure for comparative organism statistics. The tool continues to be updated quarterly with new public and DOE JGI genomes.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison's Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin (GLOW) is a campus-wide distributed computing environment that harnesses spare processing power from hundreds of individual computers. This allows researchers to sort through massive DNA sequences and power simulations in a fraction of the time previously required. By a...
A study of gene expression in a microbial community found over 2,000 proteins produced by five key species, including unique enzymes that maintain protein structure in acidic conditions. The community thrives in hot, highly acidic environments, with large numbers of proteins not resembling any other known proteins.
The study reveals novel receptors that enable the fungus to recognize its environment, as well as secreted proteins used to damage rice plants. The M. grisea genome contains retro-elements, which may contribute to its rapid evolution of new strains.
Researchers developed Environmental Genomic Tags (EGTs) to assess environment vitality and signal progress in remediating contaminated environments. The EGT approach captures a DNA profile of a particular niche, reflecting the presence and levels of nutrients, pollutants, and other environmental features.
Researchers analyzed whale skeletons and farm soil using metagenomics, discovering specialized bacteria that thrive in these environments. The study provides a new understanding of the diversity of microbial life on earth, with potential applications in fields such as agriculture and medicine.
The DOE JGI has launched a public online microbial genome data clearinghouse, IMG, to facilitate the analysis and comparison of microbial genomes. The platform offers a comprehensive system for exploring and annotating DOE JGI-sequested genomes, enabling scientists to tap into the diversity of microbial environments.
Researchers have discovered three new bacterial species, Wolbachia wAna, wSim, and wMoj, in the genomes of Drosophila fruit flies. The discovery was made by scanning raw genomic data from the Trace Archive, a public repository of sequencing projects.
Scientists have found that functional forms of missing tRNA genes can be created by copying from distant DNA sequences and joining them. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of extremophiles in the Archaea kingdom.
The genome sequence of V. fischeri reveals surprising parallels with Vibrio cholerae and other pathogens, indicating toxin activity genes. The research sheds light on the connection between quorum sensing and global regulatory networks in bacterial cell communication.
A new method assigns biological functions to unknown genes, enabling genome comparison, by integrating experimental and computational analyses. This approach identifies functional proteins in 97% of hypothetical genes and provides a framework for ranking their precision and confidence.
Researchers at New York University have discovered over 150 additional genes required to make an embryo, bringing the total estimated number of genes needed to around 2,600. The study also sheds light on how these genes work in humans and provides clues for understanding human diseases.
Researchers found evidence of meiosis in Giardia intestinalis, a unicellular protist parasite, suggesting that eukaryotes have been capable of sex for a long time. The discovery provides insight into the evolution of sexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells.
Researchers have mapped the genome of Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungus that causes severe inflammation of the brain in people with HIV and those taking chemotherapy or steroid treatments. The study identified 30 new genes involved in the fungus's biosynthesis, offering potential targets for treatment.
Dehalococcoides bacteria can adapt to various environmental conditions through the use of mobile genetic elements, allowing them to degrade chlorinated pollutants. The genome sequence of Strain 195 reveals its ability to turn genes on and off in response to environmental cues.
Researchers have completed the first complete genome sequence of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes, a bacterium that dechlorinates major groundwater pollutants. The study reveals the microbe's unique metabolic capabilities, including 19 reductive dehalogenases and five hydrogenase complexes.
The UGA/Penn team aims to develop a single-access point for genomic and related information about Apicomplexa parasites, enabling accelerated vaccine, diagnostic, and therapeutic development. The database will link existing databases for Plasmodium species, Toxoplasma gondii, and Cryptosporidum parvum.
The sequencing of S. pomeroyi, an ocean bacterium, provides valuable tools to understand its functions and impact on the atmosphere. Early investigation reveals 4,283 regions in the genome that predict protein synthesis and cellular machinery.
The study of Silicibacter pomeroyi's genome reveals that marine bacterioplankton use inorganic compounds for energy, enabling efficient carbon use in low-nutrient oceans. The research also shows the microbe's adaptability to ocean hot spots, rich areas of organic matter.
The root-knot nematode causes more than half of $100 billion in annual crop and plant damage worldwide. Researchers will sequence its genome for a better understanding of its attack mechanisms.
The NIDCR-launched study aims to detect unique patterns of gene expression in oral bacterial communities that predict periodontal diseases. The researchers will store biological information in a searchable online database, allowing for more precise diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers find that transposable elements, called Pack-MULEs, copy themselves prolifically and rearrange genes, making them newly discovered players in evolution. The discovery elevates these little-considered elements to potentially major players in the process of evolution.
The Lancet editorial advocates for free access to genome data, highlighting its benefits in accelerating research on diseases such as SARS. This open-access policy promotes international cooperation, trust, and altruism, offering a compelling alternative to bioweapons.
The study reveals that methanotrophs, including M. capsulatus, have multiple pathways for using methane and can respond to environmental changes by switching between different chemical pathways. This flexibility could make them a valuable tool for reducing methane emissions.
Researchers have cracked the genetic code of B. mallei, a highly evolved pathogen that causes glanders, an infectious equine disease. The study reveals a tightly regulated set of virulence genes and genomic instability, which may explain why B. mallei can evade host immune responses.
A multidisciplinary team reports the first complete genome sequence of Methylococcus capsulatus, a methane-loving bacterium that can consume methane and produce protein. The genome provides insights into methanotroph biology and its potential for bioremediation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and degrading pollutants.
A team of researchers has developed a fast-track method to identify regulatory sequences in the genome that control cell growth and development. The study, published in Science, used a unique algorithm called Improbizer to predict where these regulatory sequences might be found in the genome.
A study by Rachel Mueller and David Wake rewrites the evolutionary history of salamanders, finding inconsistencies with accepted classifications. The research suggests that some terrestrial salamanders regained their larval stage after moving back to water, contradicting previous assumptions.
Scientists have developed a new method to quickly identify the precise landing sites of gene regulators in yeast, which are essential for understanding how genes and their regulators 'talk' to each other. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding of diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
A study found that pigs have more babies due to gene duplication, which allowed them to adapt to climate change. The researchers used a multi-disciplinary approach to investigate the evolution of aromatase genes and their role in altering reproductive biology.
Using fruit flies, scientists confirm bursicon's role in hardening exoskeletons after molting and enabling wing development. The discovery could lead to precise timing of pest control measures for migratory locust outbreaks.
Researchers have successfully mapped the genomes of two devastating fungal pathogens, Phytophtora sojae and Phytophtora ramorum, which causes sudden oak death disease. The genome sequences will aid in developing better detection methods and tracking the spread of the disease.
The 'tango array' device can sort particles ranging from bacterial cells to DNA segments in a matter of seconds, distinguishing them by size. This breakthrough technology has the potential to greatly accelerate biological research and replace some centrifuge devices.
Researchers developed a novel method to pinpoint rapidly evolving genes in pathogens, revealing potential drug targets for tuberculosis and malaria. The technique analyzes genome sequences to identify genes under selective pressure, allowing for the discovery of previously unknown genes.
Researchers have decoded the genome of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a microbe responsible for microbially-influenced corrosion. The analysis provides insights into the microbe's capacity and flexibility to reduce metals, potentially leading to new methods for preventing corrosion and remediating metallic pollutants.
Cryptosporidium is missing two critical organelles commonly found in related protozoan parasites, including the apicoplast and mitochondrion. This discovery provides valuable opportunities to study the organism's biology and develop targeted treatments.
The Maize Genomics Consortium developed a cost-effective approach to sequence the maize genome, reducing its effective size by six-fold. The method uses methyl-filtration and high-Cot selection, targeting overlapping fractions of the genome enriched for genes.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have sequenced the genomes of the most abundant members of a community of organisms in an abandoned mine, revealing four previously unknown genomes. This breakthrough in environmental genomics opens up new avenues for understanding microbial interactions and has significant implications for addressing acid mi...
Researchers have developed a cost-effective alternative to sequencing the entire genomes of complex plants by combining two gene-enrichment techniques. The new method provides about a four-fold reduction in sequencing necessary to find all maize genes, highlighting its potential for analyzing large and complex plant genomes.
The HapMap project aims to create a catalog of common genetic patterns, or haplotypes, which will simplify and accelerate efforts to identify genes associated with chronic diseases. By analyzing DNA samples from over 270 individuals from four countries, the project hopes to provide insights into human genetics.
Researchers have deciphered the genome of Geobacter sulfurreducens, a microbe that can remove dissolved uranium from groundwater and generate electricity. The study reveals new capabilities, including enhanced electron transport and metal reduction genes.
Researchers have decoded the genome of Geobacter sulfurreducens, a microorganism that can clean up uranium contamination by precipitating radionuclides and metals from groundwater. The discovery opens up new strategies for bioremediation and the potential to generate electricity through bio-batteries.
Research by Dennis Lo and colleagues found that viral sequences from two major Hong Kong SARS outbreaks were nearly identical, with only three nucleotide differences. This suggests that non-viral genomic factors may have played a role in the distinct clinical features of the Amoy Gardens outbreak.
Leaders at Duke University Medical Center propose a new approach to healthcare that emphasizes personalized health planning and prevention. The plan aims to reduce disease risk by analyzing individual genetic backgrounds, lifestyles, and environments, and providing patients with customized health plans.
Researchers at Kansas State University have been chosen to sequence the red flour beetle's genome as part of a multimillion-dollar project. This will enable new experimental approaches and strategies for controlling harmful insects.
The University of Minnesota has received a grant to sequence the complete genome of Arthrobacter aurescens, a soil bacterium that can break down environmental pollutants. The project aims to gain tools, such as genes and enzymes, to clean up contaminated environments.
The University of Minnesota is sequencing the Medicago legume genome with a $10.8 million NSF grant, led by Professor Nevin Young. The goal is to understand nitrogen fixation and health-promoting compounds in legumes.
Under the contract, TIGR will sequence dozens of genomes per year to provide data for vaccine and antimicrobial drug development projects. The institute's affiliated facility has already conducted sequencing for over 50 organisms, including microbes that cause various diseases.
Researchers have successfully mapped the domestic turkey genome, which will aid in breeding birds with beneficial traits such as disease resistance and increased reproduction. This study leverages information from the chicken genome to improve turkey breeding practices.
Scientists have sequenced the genomes of four types of cyanobacteria, including Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, which play a critical role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide. The completed genome sequences provide insights into how these single-celled organisms convert solar energy into living biomass.
A team led by UC Riverside geneticist Dr. Close will deliver advanced information and material resources for barley genomics, aiming to make the barley genome accessible to everyone. The four-year project focuses on accessing expressed genes in Triticeae genomes using reliable methods.
Researchers discovered a genetic signature that identifies genes targeted by RNA editing, which is primarily confined to the nervous system across species. This breakthrough improves the value of existing genome sequences and may hasten neurological research.
The Salk Institute's latest study, led by Joseph Ecker, provides a detailed map of Arabidopsis genes and their functions. The team has also identified key molecular pathways involved in ethylene gas signaling, which is crucial for plant growth, yield, and drought tolerance.
Scientists have inactivated almost three-quarters of all genes in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, creating a public database of genome-wide gene mutations. The study provides significant new information on the function of individual and groups of genes.
The completed genomic sequence of Fusarium graminearum, a fungus causing widespread damage to wheat and barley crops, offers a roadmap for developing new control methods. Researchers will focus on understanding gene function to unravel mechanisms to combat this devastating pathogen.
Researchers have identified 43 different resistance genes on chromosome 10 of the rice genome, which are grouped into three major clusters that help improve its specificity in fighting pathogens. The discovery aims to aid the rice plant's battle against diseases such as rice blast.
Researchers have completed a 'finished' sequence of rice's smallest chromosome, revealing twice as many genes as initially predicted. The detailed genome map shows significant similarities to other grains like sorghum and maize, providing valuable insights into the genetics of plant biology.
The team has produced a complete and accurate rice genome sequence, which will help improve crop yields and feed the world's population. The achievement is made possible by Rutgers' participation in Reinvest in Rutgers program, funded by the state of New Jersey.
The study predicts about 3,500 genes on Chromosome 10, with a modular structure featuring a long arm rich in genes and a short arm with relatively few genes. The analysis also found matches for about two-thirds of the proteins encoded by the chromosome with those encoded by Arabidopsis thaliana.