Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The International Giant Panda Genome Project aims to sequence and assemble the giant panda's draft genome within six months. The project will aid in understanding the genetic and biological underpinnings of this unique species, informing conservation efforts and advancing sequencing technology.
Researchers found that viruses evolve to spell their genes in the same way as their bacterial hosts, demonstrating co-evolutionary behavior. The study also revealed that regions of high codon bias in viral genomes coincide with structural protein encoding, reflecting a selection for optimized protein production.
Researchers at NIA used Genomatix to identify two novel transcription factors, B-Myb and Maz, involved in maintaining undifferentiated stem cells or early differentiation. The study linked pluripotent stem cell-associated transcripts to regulatory gene networks.
A newly sequenced genome reveals insights into the evolution from single-celled life forms to multicellular animals. Choanoflagellates, tiny planktonic organisms, are the closest living relatives of animals and hold key information about human history and the origins of life.
The researchers' successful sequencing of the cyanobacterium's genome has revealed its genetic secrets, shedding light on how it produces chlorophyll d and absorbs far-red light. This discovery holds potential for plant research and could lead to the development of crops that can harness a wider range of light spectrum.
Scientists have sequenced the genome of a rare cyanobacterium that produces an even rarer form of chlorophyll, enabling it to harness near-infrared light. This breakthrough could lead to genetically altered plants that can store and generate solar energy, increasing photosynthesis efficiency.
The DOE JGI has released a preliminary soybean genome assembly, enabling researchers to study the genetic code and develop more effective bioenergy applications. The assembly is based on 13 million shotgun reads and will be improved upon in future versions.
Researchers have sequenced the high-quality draft genome of a Pinot Noir grape, providing insights into its relatively small genome and heterozygosity. The discovery offers a treasure trove of variation to investigate gene characteristics and evolution.
Researchers characterized gene expression patterns in Kawasaki disease patients, identifying innate immune mechanisms and proinflammatory responses. The study supports the use of gene-expression profiles to generate biomarkers for other systemic inflammatory illnesses, improving diagnosis and treatment options.
The Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) data management system has been updated to version 2.4, featuring 3,637 genomes from the Version 25 release of NCBI RefSeq. The new update includes a reorganized user interface and enhanced functional annotation capabilities.
LitInspector is a powerful literature and pathway mining system that offers quick and easy retrieval of pathways, genes, gene functions, and gene-gene interactions. The system utilizes cutting-edge text mining technology and leverages the largest gene synonym table available to provide comprehensive results.
Researchers from UF and UT Austin analyzed DNA sequences to build a family tree for plants, revealing the five major lineages of flowering plants that exist today. The diversification is believed to have been sparked by various factors, including climate change and the emergence of new traits.
Researchers sequence genomes of multi-drug resistant and drug-sensitive TB isolates, revealing few genetic differences that contribute to drug resistance. The findings shed light on the genetic factors driving TB drug resistance and lay the groundwork for a rapid diagnostic test.
Researchers have completed the genomes of ten new fruit fly species, providing a comprehensive understanding of their evolution over 60 million years. The study also identified 1193 new genes and 414 corrected previously catalogued genes across the twelve closely related species.
The study of 12 Drosophila genomes provides novel insights into microRNA (miRNA) regulation, identifying 59 new miRNAs and revealing greater diversity in their role in gene expression. The analysis also reveals emergent gene function and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms, with potential applications in human disease research.
A large-scale comparative analysis of twelve fruit fly species reveals insights on gene evolution, functional elements, and a powerful approach to deciphering other genomes. The study identifies thousands of novel genes, evolutionary signatures, and systematically defines the functional parts of the fly genome.
The study provides unprecedented insights into the genetic diversity of fruit flies, enabling scientists to compare related species and track ancestry. By analyzing mitochondrial DNA sequences from 12 species, researchers have discovered highly conserved genes and rapid-evolving genes, shedding light on evolutionary adaptations.
A recent study integrates lipid metabolic profiling with gene expression analysis, demonstrating the synergistic power of combining metabolic profiling with proprietary microarray analysis methods. The results show that Por can be considered an enzyme critical for proper functioning of lipid mobilization in the mouse liver.
A team of researchers has discovered that colugos, also known as flying lemurs, are the closest living relatives to primates. This finding has significant implications for anthropology and genomics, providing a clearer understanding of primate evolution and potential fossil record placement.
Researchers at DOE JGI identified genes that kill recipient bacteria during gene transfer, providing a possible strategy for discovering new antibiotics. The study also sheds light on the evolutionary history of organisms and offers a way to finish genome assemblies.
The University of Houston's Institute for Molecular Design will receive a $500,000 DNA sequencer, allowing researchers to analyze complex genome data in a couple of days, instead of years. The device will help advance synthetic biology and stem cell research at UH.
Researchers sequenced the genome of Chlamydomonas, a single-celled alga with traits from both animals and plants. The genome contains approximately 15,000 proteins and may have uses in basic bio-medical research, agricultural research, and understanding certain diseases.
Researchers sequence Fusarium graminearum genome to understand its interaction with plants and develop resistance. The study aims to identify genes that enable the fungus to cause disease and produce toxins, which can be fatal to humans and livestock.
Researchers at the University of Illinois discovered a genetic link between maternal and altruistic behaviors in wasps, finding similarities with honey bee workers. The study suggests that eusociality may have evolved from maternal behavior in paper wasps, challenging Darwinian predictions.
Researchers from Penn State University and Copenhagen discovered that hair shafts can preserve ancient DNA, allowing for the sequencing of entire mitochondrial genomes from 10 individual woolly mammoths. This breakthrough enables efficient analysis of genetic material from extinct species.
A recent study reveals Deinococcus geothermalis, a highly radiation-resistant bacterium, originated on Earth, not Mars. Contrary to previous speculation, the research defines a minimal set of genes responsible for its extreme resistance, offering hope for conferring this trait to other organisms.
A new study using a molecular clock indicates that smallpox evolved earlier than previously believed, with divergence times ranging from 16,000 to 68,000 years ago. The research provides a framework for studying the natural history of other diseases and suggests that local pools of old strains existed in geographically dispersed areas.
As personal genomics advances, researchers caution against mass adoption due to ethical, social, and clinical concerns. The integration of genome sequences into routine clinical care poses significant challenges for healthcare systems.
A global team of researchers has revealed the genetic sequence of Brugia malayi, a parasitic worm that causes debilitating diseases in over 40 million people. The study identifies dozens of potential new targets for drugs or vaccines, including genes involved in molting, immune signaling, and host metabolism.
A University of Delaware-led team is working to advance scientific understanding of the rice epigenome, which regulates gene expression. The four-year project uses novel 'deep sequencing' technology to decode millions of DNA sequences and shed light on similar mechanisms in corn and other cereal grains.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Fusarium graminearum, a fungal plant pathogen that causes devastating blight in wheat and barley crops. The study reveals unstable regions of the genome where disease-causing genes reside, providing insights into the fungus's ability to evolve and adapt.
A study using a DNA microarray technology, Virochip, detected an unexpected number of viruses and viral subtypes in patients with respiratory tract infections. The technique identified new viruses associated with human diseases, including asthma exacerbations.
The Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) data management system has been upgraded to Version 2.3, featuring new microbial genomes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Reference Sequence collection. The system now includes fungi, protists, and plant genomes, providing a broader comparative analysis platform.
Researchers found a repeating pattern of 8 to 10 base pairs between CG dinucleotides that may signal differential methylation and imprinting. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms of gene regulation and has implications for understanding disease development, particularly in cancer genes.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the mastodon has been sequenced, increasing the age limit for paleogenomic analyses by almost a complete glacial cycle. The study reveals that mammoths are more closely related to Asian than African elephants, with divergence times similar to those of humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas.
Researchers developed a method to catalog genetic variations in Arabidopsis thaliana, revealing regions targeted by natural selection. The study found that one out of 10 genes is very different and many gene families were shaped by evolution. The data have been placed in a publicly accessible database.
Researchers infer complete chromosome sequences from existing data using a statistical method that exploits genetic mutations in organisms with high variability. The study confirms the conserved function of junk DNA and its potential role in regulating gene function.
Scientists at UCSD School of Medicine have found that 'junk' DNA sequences may serve as punctuation marks to organize functional domains within the genome. This discovery could lead to breakthroughs in gene therapy by understanding how genomic material contributes to the regulation of genes.
The DOE JGI has released Version 2.2 of the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) system, offering 2,815 genomes for public access. The new system includes enhanced data exploration and analysis tools, allowing scientists to better study microbial communities.
A retrospective study identified rare drug-resistant HIV variants in blood samples from an earlier clinical trial using ultra-deep sequencing. The findings suggest that even low-level mutations can lead to early treatment failure, highlighting the need for improved resistance testing methods.
Researchers have sequenced and analyzed the complex heterochromatin of fruit flies, revealing over 200 protein-coding genes and functional elements. The study sheds light on the critical role of heterochromatin in cellular survival and organization.
The completed Aedes aegypti genome sequence reveals over 1,000 transposable elements occupying approximately 50% of the genome. These elements may be developed as tools to study mosquito-virus interactions and potentially lead to controls on disease transmission.
The DOE JGI has established a gold standard for metagenomic data analysis, enabling accurate classification of sequence fragments into species populations. The method involves simulating metagenomes with known sample genomes, allowing researchers to evaluate the predictive accuracy of existing tools and identify potential pitfalls.
Tiny green algae, known as picophytoplankton, play a significant share of the world’s total photosynthetic activity. Their genome structure and metabolic capabilities have been studied, revealing adaptations to different ecological niches.
Researchers found that specialist fruit fly Drosophila sechellia is losing genes for smell and taste receptors at a faster rate than its generalist relative Drosophila simulans. This adaptation may help the flies adjust to eating specific plants.
A collaborative research project has sequenced and assembled the complete genome of Pichia stipitis, a native xylose-fermenting yeast. This breakthrough will increase efficiency and economic viability in bioconversion by enabling simultaneous fermentation of glucose and xylose.
Researchers at Yale University have identified key virulence genes in A. baumannii bacteria, which cause highly resistant infections in combat troops. The study's findings suggest new targets for antimicrobial drugs and provide insight into the evolution of bacterial virulence.
Scientists have sequenced the genome of symbiotic bacteria in giant clams living near hydrothermal vents, revealing a unique chemosynthetic process that allows them to thrive in dark depths. The bacteria fix carbon and produce nutrients for the clam, similar to how chloroplasts work in photosynthesis.
Researchers found that the genetic code is nearly optimal for encoding signals of any length in parallel to sequences coding for proteins. The code is also organized efficiently, halting protein synthesis when necessary to conserve energy and resources.
The Cornell-led International Tomato Sequencing Project will sequence the tomato genome and create a comprehensive database of genomic sequences, enabling researchers to study crop development and domestication. The project, funded by $1.8 million from the NSF, aims to tie together maps and genomes of all plants in the Solanaceae family.
Researchers have decoded the genetic makeup of T. vaginalis, a parasite causing trichomoniasis, revealing potential pathways for new treatments, diagnostics, and a vaccine strategy. The large genome comprises nearly 26,000 predicted genes, with many repetitive genes accounting for 65% of its structure.
A recent study analyzes the genome of Cytophaga hutchinsonii, a bacterium that efficiently breaks down cellulose. The research suggests a possible connection between motility and cellulose digestion, which could lead to more efficient conversion of cellulose into ethanol for bioenergy production.
A single gene, ROP18, accounts for 90% of Toxoplasma gondii's virulence, making it a key target for identifying and treating the parasite's most dangerous strains. Researchers hope to develop new treatments using existing kinase inhibitors.
Researchers are studying how unicellular micro-algae, known as diatoms, create complex cell walls and aim to learn from their intricate micro-architectures. Genetic engineering of diatoms using microparticle bombardment enables the insertion of mutated or foreign genes into the genome, potentially leading to novel silica nanostructures.
The DOE JGI has released version 2.0 of the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) system, which features 1541 new public microbial, viral and eukaryotic genomes. Additionally, 177 in-house sequenced genomes have been added to the database, bringing the total number of genomes to 2301.
Researchers used comparative genome sequencing technology to study E. coli's evolution over 44 days. Mutations appeared in key genes, enabling faster growth and adapting to environmental conditions.
A new genetic analysis has revealed that flies and moths are most closely related to beetles, contrary to previous theory. This finding suggests that the ability of insects to cooperate in social groupings may have evolved just once, rather than independently in several different species.
ASU researchers have identified ancestral genes from solitary predecessors as likely connected to social behavior in honeybees. The study mapped behavior precisely to genome regions using high recombination rates, revealing a conserved pathway of insulin signaling involved in foraging decisions.
Researchers have sequenced the honeybee genome, revealing its African origins and surprising spread throughout Europe, Asia, and North and South America. The findings highlight the need for better breeding practices to assist pollination and mitigate the negative impact of Africanized bees.
Research reveals ARGONAUTE 4 protein (AGO4) plays a dual role in RNA-directed DNA methylation, controlling epigenetic organization of entire genome. 454 Sequencing technology allows for comprehensive view of small RNAs, revolutionizing research on mechanisms of RNA interference.