Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
The updated TAIR9 genome release includes detailed information on all 33,518 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, including 114 newly discovered genes and 168 new pseudogenes. The new features promise to accelerate research on designing new crops for food, biofuels, industrial materials, and medicines.
The completed genome sequence of Azotobacter vinelandii reveals unique features that enable the bacteria to fix nitrogen in the presence of oxygen. The research provides new prospects for the production and characterization of oxygen-sensitive proteins through genetic approaches.
A novel method has been developed to analyze microRNA expression levels, enabling more accurate detection of subtle biological changes. The new approach outperforms existing methods in reducing technical variation and accurately representing input RNA fluctuations.
Agricultural Research Service scientists have sequenced the genome of a parasite that can kill honey bees, providing new insights into colony collapse disorder. The microsporidian parasite produces spores that bees consume when foraging, leading to infection and colony loss.
The DOE JGI has released an enhanced version of Phytozome.net, a web portal providing access to over fourteen plant genomes, including eight sequenced at the JGI. This expansion bolsters comparative plant genomics data for biofuel and agriculture research.
A research team from Princeton University has found that DNA sequences previously considered 'junk' are essential for an organism's growth and development. The discovery reveals that these regions, known as transposons, perform critical functions by rearranging the genome.
The DOE JGI's Expert Review system enhances annotation quality in microbial genomes, correcting errors and improving function annotations. Researchers can access the system to review genome annotations and contribute to advancing bioenergy research and biogeochemistry.
New research on cohesin binding patterns in fission yeast reveals that features thought to differentiate cohesin behaviour between organisms collectively define its overall behaviour. This suggests that cohesin's mechanisms of action might be more similar between organisms than previously thought.
A new study published in The Plant Genome suggests that acquiring cheap genome sequence data can improve the quality of feedstocks used to create biofuels, potentially reducing carbon footprint. This could lead to more sustainable high-yield production with minimal inputs.
The completed bovine genome sequence provides new information about mammalian evolution, cattle genetics, and improved cattle production. Researchers identified genetic variation among different breeds of cattle, shedding light on the relationship between genes and meat quality.
Researchers at the University of Maryland are working on a project to analyze vast amounts of DNA sequencing data using remote computer clusters, also known as Cloud Computing. The goal is to determine whether this approach can be more cost-effective and efficient than traditional local clusters.
Breakpoint regions on chromosomes contain a higher density of genes and are more susceptible to breakage, leading to genetic variation. The study found that rearrangements in these regions can lead to new sources of variation, potentially subject to natural selection.
The FANTOM4 consortium has published several milestone papers in Nature Genetics and BioMed Central journals, providing new data on genomic regulatory blocks and chromatin conformation signatures. These findings have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of gene regulation and cell differentiation.
A University of Iowa biologist is studying how picoeukaryotes, tiny ocean plants, adapt to changing environments in response to climate change. The research found that despite sharing similar morphology, these organisms have distinct gene pools and unique genetic features that allow them to thrive in different ocean regions.
Researchers have decoded the genomes of two tiny algal strains, highlighting their genes that enable them to capture carbon and maintain its delicate balance in the oceans. The study also sheds light on how these algae may cope with environmental change.
Scientists discovered variable ribosomal RNA genes in yeast, which are essential to all Earth's organisms. The genes show surprise variation despite being vital for cell function, and hybridization of two yeasts re-set their clocks, providing clues on evolutionary history.
The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC) will analyse plant, animal, and microbial genomes to improve food security and combat exotic animal diseases. It will also develop new ways to kill superbugs and contribute to the UK's economic and social wellbeing.
Researchers discovered that second chromosomes in bacteria are formed from plasmids, challenging current understanding of genome evolution. The study provides a general model for how multichromosomal architectures evolved in the Rhizobiaceae family.
Researchers have identified 10 common variants of genes that modify the timing of heart contraction, known as the QT interval. These genetic variations are associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, which claims over a quarter million Americans annually.
Researchers have identified three genes - VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2 - responsible for over 40% of warfarin dose variability. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic landscape influencing dose variability, paving the way for more accurate warfarin dosing and reduced patient risk.
Over 200,000 genetically modified rice mutant lines are now available for researchers to study the function of approximately 57,000 genes in Oryza sativa. The vast repository is expected to accelerate the understanding of gene function and biological processes in rice and other commercially important grasses.
Researchers sequence genomes of 99 known cold virus strains, exposing vulnerabilities that could lead to effective remedies. The study's findings also shed light on the genetic composition of rhinovirus A and B, as well as emerging species C, which is more virulent.
The study reveals that humans have domesticated yeast strains at many points in history from diverse sources, challenging traditional views on the Tree of Life. The analysis also provides insights into yeast probiotics' contribution to gut health and potential applications for cancer treatment.
Researchers from DOE/JGI and FPL have deciphered the genetic mechanisms behind brown-rot fungi's ability to break down cellulose in wood. This breakthrough may lead to more efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally-friendly strategies for biofuels production.
A new study reveals that large structural DNA changes, known as copy number variants, may be responsible for schizophrenia. Researchers found eight deletions in patients' genomes, two of which were newly identified, suggesting that these rare variations could be causative.
Researchers compared four different strains of Coxiella burnetii to build a comprehensive picture of its genetic architecture and content. They found that strain virulence was associated with a smaller genome and the loss of genes, possibly due to pseudogene formation.
Researchers at Helmholtz Zentrum München sequenced sorghum's genome, gaining insights into its drought tolerance and C4 photosynthesis. The analysis provides new information on the evolution of crop plant genomes.
The sorghum genome sequence reveals its drought-tolerant properties and offers tools to breed more resilient crops. The genetic code is also being used to improve biofuel crops like sugarcane and Miscanthus, enhancing the efficiency of cellulosic ethanol production.
A team of scientists has successfully sequenced the genes of the Tasmanian Tiger from its hair, revealing insights into mammal extinction and potential ways to prevent it. The study also opens up new possibilities for analyzing museum specimens and could potentially lead to the revival of extinct species.
Researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from museum specimens of the thylacine, a marsupial that was declared extinct in 1936. The study found little genetic variation between the two specimens, indicating the species was on the brink of extinction when it became extinct.
Researchers have identified genes controlling snail shell handedness, similar to those used by humans to set up left-right asymmetry. These findings suggest that the same genetic pathway has been responsible for establishing left-right symmetry in animals for 500-650 million years.
A study found that variations within Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria can affect its response to antibiotics, highlighting the need for targeted therapy in infectious disease. The analysis of six genomes revealed unique sets of genes among isolates, with some genes shared but others specific to different subsets.
A new genomic tool has been developed to identify gene function in soybeans, a key step towards improving crop performance. By analyzing transposon mutations, researchers can pinpoint specific genes associated with desirable traits such as seed composition and root growth.
The turkey genome will be assembled using shotgun fragments and paired-end reads, providing benefits for researchers studying commercially important sources of food. The project aims to sequence over 95% of the turkey genome, offering tools for improving commercial breeds and understanding disease development.
The discovery of Bundibugyo ebolavirus represents a significant addition to the puzzle of the Ebola virus genus. The new virus is genetically distinct from all other known Ebola virus species, differing by more than 30% at the genetic level. This finding has implications for the development of diagnostics, antivirals, and vaccines.
A new microbe, discovered in the open ocean, lacks genes needed for photosynthesis, yet provides natural fertilizer to the oceans by fixing nitrogen. Its unique metabolism may have implications for understanding carbon and nitrogen cycles in ocean ecosystems.
A new platform has been developed to study how specialized proteins regulate RNA in living, intact cells. By identifying every sequence within every strand of RNA to which proteins bind, researchers can now address questions about how differences in RNA explain the vast differences between humans and worms.
Researchers found a unique microorganism, Desulforudis audaxviator, living in complete isolation with no sunlight, oxygen, and extreme heat. The bacterium survives by harnessing energy from hydrogen and sulfate produced by radioactive decay of uranium, and has a remarkable genome with 2,157 protein-coding genes.
Researchers have deciphered the complete genetic sequence of Plasmodium vivax, the leading cause of relapsing malaria. The findings provide new insights into the biology of vivax malaria and may lead to new tools for prevention and treatment.
Researchers have discovered unique genes in the genome of Plasmodium vivax, a parasite responsible for 25% of global malaria cases. The findings could lead to the development of new drugs and vaccines against this debilitating disease.
The genome sequence of Plasmodium knowlesi has been defined, providing new research opportunities for comparisons with P. vivax. Establishing similarities and differences between the parasites' genomes will assist in the selection of genetic targets for vaccine and drug development.
The study completes the genome sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla, a microscopic worm causing significant crop damage. The research provides a powerful platform for understanding parasitism and developing eco-friendly management strategies.
Researchers sequenced the genome of Cyanobacterium ATCC 51142, revealing a rare linear chromosome containing genes for pyruvate metabolism. The discovery provides a framework for understanding this organism's ability to produce lactate and other compounds.
The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute has updated the Integrated Microbial Genome System with new microbial genomes, improving its capabilities for analyzing metagenomic data. The system now includes tools for exploring gene cassettes conservation and examining functional annotation of genomes.
Researchers at Iowa State University have contributed to the release of the annotated genome of Meloidogyne incognita, a destructive nematode responsible for $157 billion in agricultural damage annually. The sequencing achievement provides a resource for understanding and controlling this widespread pest.
Researchers characterize grapevine transposons, finding they capture and amplify gene sequences, influencing gene evolution. The study also reveals 'domesticated' transposons with cellular roles, contributing to genetic diversity.
A new resource called Proteopedia links written information with interactive 3D images of biomacromolecules, enabling easy creation and editing by users. By integrating 3D structures with descriptive text, Proteopedia aims to make complex structural information comprehensible to all.
Researchers have successfully sequenced the complete genome of a microbe that eats methylamine, a form of ammonia, using lake mud as a sample. The study showcases a new method for discovering unknown organisms and has significant implications for understanding ecological cycles and monitoring microbial population shifts.
A novel approach extracts single genomes and discerns specific microbial capabilities from mixed community sequence data. The research team characterized biochemical pathways associated with nitrogen cycling and methane utilization in Lake Washington sediments, revealing novel versions of metabolism.
Researchers have discovered that broken sections of chromosomes can recombine to form new types of chromosomes, leading to genome diversification. This process is mediated by repeated DNA sequences, which account for half of the human genome.
IGV integrates multiple types of genomic data, allowing for rapid analysis and visualization. The tool provides flexible zooming and panning across all resolution scales.
A multi-disciplinary group proposes ten principles to guide the use of racial and ethnic categories in genetic research, minimizing misinterpretation and misuse of human genetic variation. The guidelines recognize that racial and ethnic categories are socio-political constructs that change over time.
Recent advancements in genome technologies and molecular-biology techniques offer new hope for microbial bioenergy applications. Microbes can convert biomass into useful energy forms, such as methane, hydrogen, or electricity, and capture sunlight to produce liquid fuels.
Researchers sequenced duckweed's genome to unlock its ability to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and alleviating world hunger. The plant can extract pollutants from wastewater, producing biomass faster than any other flowering plant.
A team of undergraduate students from UC San Diego has developed a new area of bioinformatics called comparative proteogenomics, which analyzes multiple genomes and proteomes simultaneously. This approach improves genomic and proteomic annotations, unlocking biological mysteries and addressing difficult problems in the field.
Scientists have unraveled plant architecture at the molecular level using genomic data, shedding light on flower and grain development in maize. They characterized key gene networks and biochemical pathways, providing insights into plant construction and evolutionary conservation.
Scientists are sequencing ancient maize landraces to recapture the full genetic diversity of this complex crop. The Palomero genome is about 22% smaller than B73, revealing a large pool of unexplored genetic diversity.
Researchers have discovered insights into vertebrate origins and the evolution of immune systems, nervous system development, and cell signaling through the analysis of the amphioxus genome. The study reveals conserved genes and DNA elements between amphioxus and humans, suggesting a common ancestor with vertebrates.
Researchers at the Genome Institute of Singapore have identified over 3,000 genomic hotspots critical for maintaining embryonic stem cell state. These findings may lead to the development of an inexhaustible source of clinically useful cells for regenerative medicine.
Researchers have discovered a group of 24 linked to virulence in Brucella abortus strain S19, which has been used as a vaccine for cattle. The study's findings may explain why other strains cause disease and trigger abortion in livestock. This understanding could aid in combating brucellosis and its potential applications in bioterrorism.