Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new DNA sequencing study has shed light on the evolution of flowering plants, revealing relationships between 70% of all plant species and two major groups that split apart over 111 million years ago. The study provides a clearer picture of the deep divergence that led to speciation in these plants.
The Pea Aphid's genome sequence provides valuable tools for understanding aphid biology, speciation, and ecological interactions. The sequencing also sheds light on the relationship between aphids and plant viruses, revealing surprising gaps in the insect immune system.
The genome sequencing of three parasitoid wasp species offers new insights into the genetic mechanisms of evolution and their importance in controlling agricultural pests. The study identifies key genes responsible for venom production and reveals that these proteins have important physiological effects on host cells.
The International Brachypodium Initiative has sequenced the genome of the wild grass Brachypodium distachyon, which shares features with major grass genomes. This provides a genomic navigation system for studying agronomic traits in wheat and barley genomes.
Cold Spring Harbor Protocols presents high-throughput methods for mapping active gene regulatory elements using DNase-seq, and analyzing DNA synthesis with BrdU-IP-chip. These techniques enable genome-wide identification of genetic regulatory elements and analysis of DNA metabolism.
The sequencing of parasitic wasp genomes has revealed over 7,000 genes with recognizable counterparts in humans, offering a new genetic system for studying genetics and evolution. The discovery also highlights the potential of these wasps in controlling pests and producing artificial diets for mass rearing.
The soybean genome shows evidence of two polyploid events, 59 million and 13 million years ago, which resulted in the plant's unusual ability to produce proteins and oils. Most genes are duplicated at chromosome ends, where recombination occurs, and these duplicates have evolved into new genes.
The soybean genome sequence provides a parts list of what it takes to make a soybean plant, identifying genes essential for agronomic traits like protein and oil content. The analysis also revealed targets for modifying output to bolster biodiesel production.
Scientists from CSHL and Hebrew University Medical Center use next-gen sequencing to rapidly identify the mutated TMEM216 gene as the cause of Joubert Syndrome. The study reveals a high carrier rate of 1:92 among Ashkenazi Jews, making it possible to prevent the disease through premarital genetic screening.
Scientists sequenced the soybean genome to understand its genes and improve characteristics. However, duplicated genes present a challenge, with many copies shuffled, making prediction difficult. Genome sequencing eliminates this issue, enabling faster research advancements.
Researchers have sequenced 85% of the soybean genome, providing critical information to improve crop yields, disease resistance, and nutritional content. The discovery includes genes conferring resistance to a devastating disease and mutations that enhance digestibility and phosphorus absorption.
Researchers discovered that human chromosomes can reorganize their territories surprisingly quickly, taking up to 15 minutes to complete, when transitioning from proliferation to quiescence. This rapid process is driven by an energy-driven mechanism involving nuclear actin-myosin motor function.
A new research project will sequence and annotate the sunflower genome to locate genes responsible for agriculturally important traits. The goal is to develop a hybrid variety of sunflower that can thrive in challenging environments, making it suitable for subsistence agriculture in Africa and North America.
The Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA) project explores the vast unknown realm of microbes, sequencing genomes to advance discovery science. The initial volume reveals novel enzymes and biochemical pathways, shedding light on complex microbial processes and their role in biofuels production and bioremediation.
The study, called the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA), describes the first 56 genomes from a diverse set of microorganisms. It reveals that phylogeny plays a key role in determining where new genes appear and how they spread.
Researchers at Boston University have developed a new DNA sequencing method that reduces the amount of DNA required for analysis, eliminating the need for time-consuming and error-prone DNA amplification. This breakthrough allows for faster and cheaper genome sequencing, enabling the analysis of long DNA strands in one swipe.
Researchers studying the model organism Daphnia pulex found that introns are inserted into the genome far more frequently than predicted, with many sequences of unknown origin. The study identified 'hot spots' for intron insertion and discovered parallel intron gains in independent genotypes.
The USDA has awarded a two-year grant of $908,280 to Virginia Tech and the University of Minnesota to complete sequencing the genome of the domesticated turkey. The project aims to identify genes and functions in the final genome sequence, providing invaluable information for disease prevention.
Microbiologist Louis Tisa received nearly $500,000 to explore the symbiotic relationship between bacteria Frankia and actinorhizal plant Casuarina. The USDA grant aims to enhance the performance of these trees, providing a sustainable solution to soil enrichment.
Research published in Genome Biology found that Mexicans prioritize partners with Native American and European ancestry, while Puerto Ricans prefer those with African and European heritage. Ancestry has a stronger influence on romance than previously thought, with non-random associations of genes across generations.
A team co-led by CSHL scientists published a reference genome of maize, revealing its complex DNA sequence and 'wonderful diversity'. The 2.3 billion base-pair sequence contains over 32,500 genes and provides a detailed reference manual for annotating the genome.
Researchers at the University of Washington successfully used exome sequencing to identify a previously unknown gene responsible for Miller syndrome, a mendelian disorder. This breakthrough study demonstrates the efficiency and potential of this strategy in discovering the genetic basis of rare diseases, which could lead to new therapies.
Researchers developed a statistical technique to scan genomes for specific gene-regulatory regions without prior knowledge of transcription factors. The approach has been experimentally validated in mouse and fruit fly genomes.
The maize genome is a complex sequence of DNA that has been analyzed using a unique optical mapping facility at UW-Madison. The research advances knowledge of corn's ancestry and guides breeders in extracting increased productivity from the crop.
Researchers from UA and collaborating institutions deciphered the complete genetic code of maize, providing a comprehensive foundation to systematically study maize biology. The achievement aims to breed higher yielding, disease-resistant, and drought-tolerant cultivars.
A $1 million project aims to develop computational tools using next-generation petascale computers to analyze genome rearrangements. The team plans to test their new algorithms on a collection of fruit fly genomes, which will provide insights into the mechanisms underlying gene order diversity.
Researchers develop new algorithms using petascale computers to infer ancestral genome rearrangement events, enabling faster analysis of large genomes. The new methods will help understand the mechanisms and rate of gene rearrangements in genomes.
A new initiative aims to sequence the genomes of 10,000 vertebrates, including whales, dolphins, and porpoises, to gain better understanding of species diversity, evolution, and conservation. The project, called Genome 10K, has the potential to revolutionize our knowledge of cetaceans and inform effective conservation strategies.
The cucumber genome has been sequenced, offering a platform for studying the cucurbit family and plant biology. The genome will aid in understanding disease and pest-resistance, flavor traits, and sex expression, with potential applications in agriculture.
A Vanderbilt biologist is using genomic data from over two dozen yeast species to identify reliable methods for determining evolutionary relationships. The goal is to apply these principles to other clades, including mammals.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have sequenced the genome of a biofuels yeast that thrives on turning sugar cane into ethanol. The findings could lead to more efficient biofuel production and aid research into converting cellulose from non-food crops like switchgrass into biofuel.
A team of scientists, led by MSU's Robin Buell, has sequenced the potato genome, estimating it to be 840 million base pairs. The draft sequence will help breeders improve yield, quality, and disease resistance in potatoes.
A new study uses genome sequencing to profile genetic diversity among M. ulcerans isolates, showing clonal relationships but distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms. The findings suggest a focal transmission pattern for Buruli ulcer, with local genetic variants not quickly spread over long distances.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Phytophthora infestans, the cause of the Irish potato famine, to aid in its control and development of chemical-free methods. The pathogen's unique genetic traits, including repetitive DNA sequences, play a key role in its virulence and adaptability.
Scientists have decoded the genome of Phytophthora infestans, the cause of late blight, which destroyed potato crops in the 19th century and is now affecting tomatoes. The genome contains a massive amount of repetitive DNA, thought to be key to its adaptability and effectiveness as a plant pathogen.
Researchers at UC Riverside will advance their work on sequencing the barley genome and breeding new barley varieties with a two-year $1 million grant. They aim to sequence all barley genes and make information available to the public, with potential benefits for farmers, markets, and consumers.
The study found that the pathogen's genome is unusually large and has a unique structure, enabling rapid evolution of genes involved in plant infection. The 'two-speed' genomic strategy allows different parts of the genome to evolve at different rates, potentially making it harder for plants to resist infection.
A new genomic model defines microorganisms by their dietary habits, providing a tool for tracking environmental changes. The researchers analyzed the genomes of two bacteria with distinct lifestyles and developed a predictive model that successfully identified the habitats of dozens of bacterial samples.
A study identifies three genetic variants accounting for the wide range of dog coat textures, from poodles to beagles. The findings have implications for understanding complex human diseases, such as cancer and heart disease.
Researchers discovered a set of genes that respond inappropriately to amphetamine in 'drug-proof' zebrafish mutants, which do not experience the drug's pleasurable effects. This finding suggests a link between adult neurogenesis and addiction, with potential implications for understanding susceptibility.
Researchers at Rockefeller University discovered that telomeres resemble fragile sites in DNA, where replication can stall. A protein called TRF1 helps prevent this by removing unusual structures from telomeric DNA, allowing smooth progression of DNA replication.
Emory researchers are using DNA sequencing technology to study the genomics of agricultural ant societies, which could lead to breakthroughs in waste processing and agriculture. The project aims to understand how ants have evolved to process huge amounts of organic material over millions of years.
The DOE JGI has selected 71 new genomic sequencing projects for its 2010 Community Sequencing Program, focused on bioenergy, climate, and environmental applications. The program aims to improve the clean energy pathways and understanding of the global carbon cycle.
The Joint Genome Institute will sequence four species of labyrinthulomycetes, shedding light on their ecological role and potential applications. The organisms are single-celled marine decomposers that play a crucial part in the marine carbon cycle.
The updated TAIR9 genome release includes detailed information on all 33,518 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, including 114 newly discovered genes and 168 new pseudogenes. The new features promise to accelerate research on designing new crops for food, biofuels, industrial materials, and medicines.
The completed genome sequence of Azotobacter vinelandii reveals unique features that enable the bacteria to fix nitrogen in the presence of oxygen. The research provides new prospects for the production and characterization of oxygen-sensitive proteins through genetic approaches.
A novel method has been developed to analyze microRNA expression levels, enabling more accurate detection of subtle biological changes. The new approach outperforms existing methods in reducing technical variation and accurately representing input RNA fluctuations.
Agricultural Research Service scientists have sequenced the genome of a parasite that can kill honey bees, providing new insights into colony collapse disorder. The microsporidian parasite produces spores that bees consume when foraging, leading to infection and colony loss.
The DOE JGI has released an enhanced version of Phytozome.net, a web portal providing access to over fourteen plant genomes, including eight sequenced at the JGI. This expansion bolsters comparative plant genomics data for biofuel and agriculture research.
A research team from Princeton University has found that DNA sequences previously considered 'junk' are essential for an organism's growth and development. The discovery reveals that these regions, known as transposons, perform critical functions by rearranging the genome.
New research on cohesin binding patterns in fission yeast reveals that features thought to differentiate cohesin behaviour between organisms collectively define its overall behaviour. This suggests that cohesin's mechanisms of action might be more similar between organisms than previously thought.
The DOE JGI's Expert Review system enhances annotation quality in microbial genomes, correcting errors and improving function annotations. Researchers can access the system to review genome annotations and contribute to advancing bioenergy research and biogeochemistry.
A new study published in The Plant Genome suggests that acquiring cheap genome sequence data can improve the quality of feedstocks used to create biofuels, potentially reducing carbon footprint. This could lead to more sustainable high-yield production with minimal inputs.
Breakpoint regions on chromosomes contain a higher density of genes and are more susceptible to breakage, leading to genetic variation. The study found that rearrangements in these regions can lead to new sources of variation, potentially subject to natural selection.
The completed bovine genome sequence provides new information about mammalian evolution, cattle genetics, and improved cattle production. Researchers identified genetic variation among different breeds of cattle, shedding light on the relationship between genes and meat quality.
Researchers at the University of Maryland are working on a project to analyze vast amounts of DNA sequencing data using remote computer clusters, also known as Cloud Computing. The goal is to determine whether this approach can be more cost-effective and efficient than traditional local clusters.
The FANTOM4 consortium has published several milestone papers in Nature Genetics and BioMed Central journals, providing new data on genomic regulatory blocks and chromatin conformation signatures. These findings have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of gene regulation and cell differentiation.
A University of Iowa biologist is studying how picoeukaryotes, tiny ocean plants, adapt to changing environments in response to climate change. The research found that despite sharing similar morphology, these organisms have distinct gene pools and unique genetic features that allow them to thrive in different ocean regions.
Researchers have decoded the genomes of two tiny algal strains, highlighting their genes that enable them to capture carbon and maintain its delicate balance in the oceans. The study also sheds light on how these algae may cope with environmental change.
Scientists discovered variable ribosomal RNA genes in yeast, which are essential to all Earth's organisms. The genes show surprise variation despite being vital for cell function, and hybridization of two yeasts re-set their clocks, providing clues on evolutionary history.