Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers sequenced the genomes of mealybug-dwelling bacteria, revealing a level of molecular integration between species that has never been seen. The study found that the bacteria have evolved to trade metabolites and enzymes to produce essential amino acids, with one genome shrinking to its smallest ever described size.
Researchers found that new mutations, separate from inherited mutations, significantly contribute to the occurrence of schizophrenia. This discovery highlights the significance of personal genome sequencing in understanding complex diseases like schizophrenia.
The largest-ever map of plant protein interactions has been created, covering 6,205 interactions involving 2,774 individual proteins in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The new network map provides insights into protein functions and compositions, and may help advance efforts to improve crop plants.
Elsevier's Genome Viewer provides interactive gene sequence information from NCBI's databases, allowing readers to hover over genes for specific details and download complete lists of genes and genomes. The tool enhances the reading experience for both authors and readers, enriching article content and improving presentation.
Researchers have developed a method to dissect the genomes of polyploid crops like oilseed rape and bread wheat, allowing for predictive breeding. By integrating sequence data from different sources, they created genetic linkage maps that can identify useful genes and accelerate breeding in new traits.
An international team of scientists used single molecule, real-time DNA sequencing technology to analyze the pathogenicity and evolutionary origins of the highly virulent German E. coli outbreak strain. The results provide the most detailed genetic profile to date, highlighting the importance of DNA sequencing in understanding how bact...
A team of researchers led by Dr. David Rasko analyzed the genomic data of the German E. coli outbreak strain, revealing it was a unique combination of enteroaggregative and enterohemorrhagic E. coli subtypes. The analysis provided critical information for treating infected patients and tracing the source of the pathogen.
A team of scientists used BGI's rapid, bench-top DNA sequencing technology to analyze the deadly E. coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany, revealing a new model of international collaboration for infectious disease control. The study found that genome sequencing provides the foundation to identify and characterize novel pathogens.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison identified a new gene, CtAKR, that improves yeast's ability to consume xylose, a key sugar found in plant biomass. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient production of renewable fuels from biomass crops.
Researchers at BGI developed a novel pipeline to detect structural variations (SVs) in whole genome assembly, identifying 277,243 SVs with high accuracy and precision. The study demonstrates the potential of de novo assembly for creating comprehensive SV maps.
Scientists have determined the 3D structure of a key cellular component using a heat-loving fungus. By analyzing the genome and proteome of Chaetomium thermophilum, researchers were able to identify the proteins that make up the innermost ring of the nuclear pore, a channel that controls what enters and exits a cell's nucleus.
Researchers in Germany sequenced and analyzed a draft genome sequence of an E. coli O104:H4 strain from the 2011 outbreak, identifying a new progenitor strain. The study's rapid sequencing technique has immediate implications for surveillance, diagnostics, and future therapies.
The study of brown rot fungus Serpula lacrymans' genome reveals new insights into cellulose breakdown and its role in the global carbon cycle. The findings have significant implications for biofuel production and could lead to more efficient processes.
Scientists have created a new map of the potato genome that could improve crop yields and nutritional content. The study's findings suggest that breeding potatoes with improved genes could help feed a growing global population.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers has discovered a genetic risk factor for sudden cardiac death, specifically a DNA sequence called the BAZ2B locus. Having one copy of this variant increases the risk of SCD by double that of someone without it, while having two copies nearly quadruples the risk.
A team of international researchers has successfully sequenced the potato genome, revealing secrets of its tuber and potential for improvement. The study aims to accelerate efforts in improving potato varieties with desirable traits such as quality, yield, drought tolerance, and disease resistance.
Researchers from Virginia Tech and the Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium successfully sequenced the genome of a diploid potato variety, revealing approximately 39,000 protein coding genes. The study provides insights into the evolution of the potato tuber and its genetic variation.
The Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium completed the genome sequence and analysis of the potato, revealing new insights into its evolutionary history and potential mechanisms for tuber initiation and development. BGI's bioinformatics expertise facilitated the annotation of 39,031 protein-coding genes.
The UW-Madison team's expertise in cytogenetics helped analyze the potato genome's 12 chromosomes, revealing unique physical characteristics. This information is expected to speed up breeding projects and improve potato varieties globally.
A type of Archaea, Methanosprillum hungatei, has been found to contain highly efficient energy-storage structures that can store 100-fold more energy than the entire cell. These granules could potentially be used as a chemical battery for engineered synthetic cells.
A team of researchers at the Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology has identified thousands of gene products expressed in planarian flatworms, revealing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of regeneration. This study, which combined two existing sequencing methods, expands and refines planarian research.
Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and the Australian Genome Research Facility have sequenced the genome of the staghorn coral, a major threat to the Great Barrier Reef. The study provides insights into coral biology, including responses to climate change and ocean acidification.
A new class of solvents, ionic liquids, have been reported to efficiently treat biomass, but hinder enzyme activity. Salt-tolerant microbes like Halorhabdus utahensis were used to identify new enzymes tolerant to ionic liquids. These enzymes offer advantages for industrial utility in breaking down biomass into simple sugars.
Joseph R. Ecker, a renowned plant biologist, has been selected as an HHMI-GBMF Investigator for his pioneering work on Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequencing and genomic methylation patterns. His research aims to explore epigenetic mechanisms in plants and their relevance to human health and disease.
Rob Martienssen, CSHL professor, joins prestigious HHMI-GBMF initiative to accelerate basic research in fundamental plant sciences. He will receive flexible support to move his research efforts in creative new directions.
The i5k Initiative aims to sequence the genomes of 5,000 insects and other arthropods over five years. This will provide valuable information for developing new pesticides, understanding disease transmission, and controlling agricultural pests. The project's leaders invite entomologists worldwide to contribute to the effort.
A USDA-led consortium has sequenced the genome of Mycosphaerella graminicola, a pathogen causing significant yield losses in wheat crops. The sequencing effort may lead to new strategies to control this disease, which affects every wheat-growing area worldwide.
A team of researchers has sequenced the genome of a fungus that causes leaf blotch disease in wheat, revealing potential weaknesses to combat the devastating crop loss. The fungus' unusual genetic makeup may hold the key to breeding resistant crop plants or improving pesticide use.
Researchers used whole genome sequencing and social network analysis to track a tuberculosis outbreak in British Columbia, identifying key individuals as superspreaders and behaviors contributing to the outbreak. The technique allowed public health officials to reconstruct outbreaks and understand how pathogens move through populations.
Researchers analyzed genome sequences of two Aspergillus niger strains to improve biofuel production. They found unique genes in each strain that contribute to their characteristics, including high citric acid yields and efficient enzyme production.
The Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence provides a blueprint for efficient breeding programs, disease resistance, and wood quality improvement. Researchers aim to replace fossil fuels with biofuels and other alternative energy sources using cellulose-rich plants like eucalyptus trees.
The study's genome-wide characterization of rust fungi may help develop control strategies for worldwide threats to wheat fields and tree plantations. Researchers uncovered evidence that both pathogens have large numbers of effector proteins, indicating co-evolution with host plants.
Researchers have discovered a new way to understand the interactions between cells and their environment using single-cell marine organisms. By sequencing the genomes of these tiny microbes, scientists can gain insights into diverse questions such as cancer cell growth rates and the impact of climate change on ecosystems.
Researchers have sequenced the genomes of two fungal pathogens that threaten global food supplies, including wheat stem rust and poplar leaf rust. The study provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of these pathogens' pathogenicity and survival, shedding light on their complex relationships with host plants.
The sequencing of the Selaginella genome provides a unique insight into plant evolution, revealing new genetic mechanisms and potential sources for pharmaceuticals. By comparing this genome with others, researchers have identified genes that played important roles in the early evolution of vascular and flowering plants.
The spikemoss genome reveals that the transition from mosses to plants with vascular systems didn't involve as many genes as going from a vascular plant without flowers to one with them. The genome also sheds light on lignin, a polymer challenging biofuels researchers, and offers strategic research opportunities.
Researchers have sequenced the genomes of two rust fungi that infect poplar trees, a promising bioenergy feedstock. The study reveals the characteristics of these pathogens and their methods of attacking host plants, providing key findings for developing disease control strategies.
Researchers propose that a prolonged dry spell and lower atmospheric carbon dioxide levels drove the rise of cacti and other succulents, leading to rapid speciation between 5-10 million years ago. This coincided with species explosions in other plant groups, including C4 grasses, which burst onto the scene during the same time period.
Twelve Washington University students isolated and characterized 18 novel phages, including two from St. Louis, in a research project supported by the Science Education Alliance. The findings provide insights into genome architecture and evolution of mycobacteriophages.
Researchers have decoded the entire genome of lyre-leaved rock cress, a close relative of the thale cress, revealing that its genome is significantly larger. The study found that considerable elements were lost from the thale cress genome, with hundreds of thousands of small deletions accounting for most of the differences in size.
Researchers identified nine environmental E. coli strains indistinguishable from typical E. coli but potentially not representative of true environmental hazards. The findings suggest the need for a new culture-independent, genome-based coliform test to accurately detect non-hazardous environmental types of E. coli.
An international team identified a genetic mutation responsible for a hereditary neurological disorder affecting members of a Palestinian family. The researchers used a combination of genome sequencing technology and disease-network analysis to pinpoint the causative mutation, which is found in approximately 1 in 200 Palestinians.
The University of Illinois has sequenced the genome of the woodland strawberry, a close relative of the apple, to aid in researching complex fruits. This will help improve strawberry quality and characteristics, as well as enhance the development of desirable traits in apples.
Researchers will investigate how transposable elements in rice plants adapt to environmental changes, with implications for understanding TE impact on gene expression and organismal responses. The team aims to document the global impact of a TE burst in any organism and develop resources for tracking TE movement.
Researchers have successfully sequenced 1% of the Iberian pig's genome, providing a new understanding of its genetics and meat quality. The study reveals surprising genetic diversity, with regions related to olfactory and immune systems showing higher variability.
The genome sequence of Daphnia pulex, a small freshwater crustacean, has revealed neurotrophins that suggest the nervous system of crustaceans is more complex than previously believed. This finding may have implications for understanding the impact of climate change on crustacean behavior.
A research team discovered molecules that act as 'shift workers' to maintain the daily rhythm of fat metabolism in the liver. The findings suggest that disruption of this rhythm can lead to fatty liver and metabolic disorders.
Scientists have sequenced the genome of a novel form of Clostridium botulinum, which produces an unusual neurotoxin that poses a similar threat to other strains. The complete genome sequence has been deposited in EMBL/Genbank, providing valuable insights into the organism's structure and potential implications for food safety.
Researchers used whole genome sequencing to analyze TB bacterial samples from 41 patients. The study found that the outbreak was caused by bursts of transmission, rather than chains of infection.
Researchers cracked the genetic code of a harmful algal bloom species, shedding light on their ability to thrive in polluted ecosystems. The study reveals that HABs have unique genetic functions allowing them to survive in no light and metabolize toxic metals.
The genome sequencing of Aureococcus anophagefferens reveals its unique advantages over other phytoplankton, including adaptations to low light conditions and toxic metal handling. The research provides insights into the genetic predisposition of this species to thrive in environmentally impacted estuaries.
The Neandertal genome draft sequence reveals significant genetic variants shared with present-day humans from Eurasia, indicating gene flow before population divergence. This finding supports the theory of interbreeding between Neandertals and early modern humans in Eurasia.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of the Blackleg fungus, revealing unique compartmentalisation and genetic diversity that enables it to cause devastating disease in canola crops. This discovery will aid in developing molecular markers to predict disease outbreaks and inform crop protection strategies.
A team of UCR researchers will study mosquito genome sequences to identify 'transposable elements' that play a vital role in gene and genome evolution. The goal is to understand how mosquitoes adapt to their environment and potentially develop new genetic tools to control disease vectors.
The freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex has been found to have the most genes in an animal, with approximately 31,000 genes. This discovery was made possible by the sequencing of its genome and provides unprecedented insights into how an organism's genome interacts with its environment.
Researchers are studying the unique species Amborella to learn about the evolution of flowers and their characteristics, such as drought resistance and fruit maturity. The team hopes to gain insights into how flowers diversified over time and how they respond to global warming.
The complete genome of Daphnia pulex has been described, opening up new avenues for understanding the species' response to its environment. The genome contains over 31,000 genes, more than any other animal, including humans.
The freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex has the most genes, with approximately 31,000, which is three times greater than that of humans. Its genome sequenced, providing new insights into environmental stress and gene functions.
The first crustacean genome has been sequenced, providing insights into the impact of environmental pollutants on freshwater ecosystems. Daphnia pulex, a tiny water flea, serves as an indicator species for detecting toxins and pollutants in the environment.
A recent study sequenced the genome of a red harvester ant and found significant differences in genes related to sense of smell, chemical signal detection, and immune system. These findings suggest that epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression for division of labor and reproduction.