Articles tagged with Genome Sequencing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Argentine ant's genome has been mapped, revealing key findings such as the species' keen senses of smell and taste, which may aid in developing targeted control methods. The genome also suggests that the ants have mechanisms to prevent disease, but caution is advised against expecting a quick fix.
A recent study published in Genome Research found that certain regions of the human genome are more similar to those of orangutans than chimpanzees, contrary to previous assumptions. This suggests that humans and orangutans shared a common ancestor with high genetic diversity, while chimpanzees may have experienced a genetic bottleneck.
A groundbreaking study led by LSU's Mark Batzer has decoded the orangutan genome, revealing unexpected insights into its evolution and genetic diversity. The research found that two distinct orangutan species exist, with one species having limited genetic diversity due to a condensed habitat.
The first DNA sequence of a strawberry plant has been completed, giving breeders the ability to create tastier and healthier strawberries. The woodland strawberry genome will inform the breeding of other economically important fruits like apples, peaches, and raspberries.
A Georgia Tech team has sequenced the woodland strawberry genome, unlocking possibilities for breeding more flavorful and resilient crops. The research, published in Nature Genetics, used a hybrid gene prediction program to identify 34,809 protein-coding genes, with 55% assigned to gene families.
Researchers have sequenced the DNA of the Criollo cacao tree, considered one of the world's finest chocolate varieties. The study identified key genes that can improve disease resistance and increase productivity, potentially leading to a more sustainable cacao economy.
A UK-based team contributed to sequencing the wild strawberry genome, revealing around 35,000 genes that can be used to develop disease-resistant varieties with improved traits. The discovery has significant implications for global food security and could lead to more nutritious and varied diets.
Researchers at Oregon State University have sequenced the genome of a wild strawberry, identifying genes that could lead to improved crops. The study's findings may result in fruits with enhanced flavor, aroma, nutritional value, and resistance to disease.
A recent study has shed light on the genetic code of a plant pathogen that causes downy mildew disease. The analysis revealed massive gene loss in the pathogen, which is essential for its stealthy lifestyle, and could lead to new ways to investigate how these pathogens wreak havoc and prevent billions of dollars of losses for farmers.
The study provides the first whole genome sequence analysis of the Haitian Vibrio cholerae outbreak strain, confirming a South Asian lineage. This understanding has important public health policy implications for preventing future cholera outbreaks.
Scientists have sequenced the genomes of parasitic water fungus and water molds that cause late blight in potatoes, tomatoes, and downy mildew in cruciferous vegetables. The analysis reveals that some sections of the genome are slow to evolve, allowing for resistance genes to be targeted.
Scientists created a 3D map of the fruit fly brain's neural networks, revealing 41 local processing units, 6 hubs, and 58 tracts. The breakthrough enables researchers to analyze how the brain processes information and control behaviors.
Researchers are using graphene to develop a new method for decoding DNA sequences, which could lead to more precise medical treatments. The technique involves passing DNA through a nanopore drilled into graphene, allowing scientists to read out the chemical bases along the strand as they pass through.
Two strains of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito are becoming genetically distinct, potentially rendering current control methods ineffective against one strain. The research highlights the need for targeted strategies to monitor and adapt to these genetic changes.
Scientists supported by the National Institutes of Health have determined the complete genetic blueprints for 13 different strains of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. The new genetic data will help develop improved ways to diagnose and treat the disease.
Researchers analyzed 16,000 traits in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans to find that genes located near the ends of chromosomes varied more than those in the middle. This discovery suggests that evolution is less about trait characteristics and more about where genes affecting those traits reside.
Researchers at UF are part of a nationwide team sequencing the Amborella trichopoda genome, a large shrub found only on the South Pacific island of New Caledonia. The information will help researchers determine whether specific genes or processes are unique to particular plants or date back to the beginnings of angiosperm evolution.
Researchers argue that genomic risk prediction for population-level preventive healthcare is not yet supported by evidence. A cost-effective approach would require interventions for those at risk, but such an approach has yet to be demonstrated. The authors caution against widescale implementation of genetic screening for disease risk.
Researchers used DNA from century-old specimens to identify the passenger pigeon's closest living relatives, revealing a unique bird with a distinct place in the evolutionary history of pigeons and doves. The study found that the passenger pigeon was not closely related to the mourning dove as previously thought.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of the Southern house mosquito, a key vector for diseases such as West Nile virus, encephalitis, and elephantiasis. The study reveals insights into the mosquito's genetic structure and potential targets for disease prevention.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of the Criollo variety of cacao tree, which is considered the finest chocolate-producing variety. The analysis identified key gene families that could enhance crop yields and provide protection against diseases.
Dr. Chen and colleagues aim to understand fiber cell development and identify genes important for cotton fiber production, with potential applications to biofuels and sustainable textiles.
The USDA has sequenced the cacao genome, accelerating genetic improvement of the crop to resist pests and diseases, improve yields, and support sustainable agriculture. This achievement will benefit the $17 billion US chocolate industry and millions of small farmers worldwide.
The completed cacao genome project provides genetic information to improve planting stocks and protect fragile incomes of West African, Asian, and South American cocoa farmers. The dataset is publicly available, enabling breeders and researchers around the world to share tools and fight disease in their crops.
The USDA has created the first genomic map of the domesticated turkey, which could help breeders develop improved commercial breeds to meet consumer demands. The nearly complete genome map was compiled in under a year and at a fraction of the cost of sequencing chicken and cow genomes.
The international consortium has completed the majority of the genome sequence of the domesticated turkey, with over 90% of the genome sequenced and assembled. The research will provide knowledge of specific genes important in meat yield and quality, health, disease resistance, fertility, and reproduction.
The international consortium's completion of the turkey genome sequence promises to provide new insights into avian genetics and improve turkey quality. The sequence will enable scientists to better understand specific genes important in meat yield, health, and disease resistance.
The domestic apple genome sequence has been published, providing valuable information for breeding apples with desirable traits such as disease resistance and flavor. The study confirms that the wild ancestor of the modern domesticated apple is Malus sieversii from southern Kazakhstan.
Scientists at Max Planck Institute successfully analyze all genes in human genome simultaneously to identify mutation causing Mabry Syndrome. The new process reveals a mutation in PIGV gene leading to mental retardation and other symptoms.
Researchers sequenced the genomes of Jerdon's jumping ant and Florida carpenter ant, revealing clues to their complex social behavior and potential links to human aging. The findings highlight the importance of epigenetics in controlling gene expression, which may influence longevity and behavior.
Researchers sequenced the sponge genome to connect the dots between Amphimedon and other animals, revealing a striking conservation of gene structure and genome organization. The study aims to understand how patterns that have been around for a billion years have evolved or persisted.
Researchers have found that the wild populations giving rise to melons and cucumbers originated in Asia, contrary to previous assumptions. The study analyzed genetic material from over 100 species of Cucumis, revealing a close living relative of the cultivated melon is native to Australia.
The complete genome of the split gill mushroom has been published, revealing a unique enzyme-based digestive apparatus that enables it to decompose wood. This knowledge can be used to genetically modify the fungus to optimize decomposition processes and improve the properties of wood.
A new method has revealed a vast diversity of metal-containing proteins in organisms, with implications for understanding protein structure and function. The discovery is expected to lead to important breakthroughs in biological processes, disease detection, and the development of new drugs.
The DOE Joint Genome Institute has sequenced and published the genomes of two wood-decaying fungi, advancing biofuels prospects. Studying the genome of Schizophyllum commune reveals a diverse set of enzymes involved in plant biomass degradation, offering opportunities for efficient biomass conversion into biofuel.
A new virus has been identified as a potential cause of Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon, threatening both farmed and wild populations. The study found the virus, related to reoviruses, in 24.2% of wild salmon samples and 96.5% of infected farmed fish.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Volvox carteri, a multicellular alga that captures light energy through photosynthesis. The study reveals surprising similarities and differences between the Volvox and Chlamydomonas genomes, shedding light on the evolution of multicellularity in these algae.
Researchers have discovered two mutations in the PTPN11 gene that cause metachondromatosis, a rare heritable disease. The study's findings suggest that next-gen sequencing may rapidly resolve familial diseases and provide insights into other related syndromes.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of an Amerindian strain of Helicobacter pylori, revealing insights into its evolution and migration to the New World. The study highlights the importance of specific genes in inducing inflammation and disease, with a key role for a cytotoxin-associated gene known as cagA.
Researchers successfully sequenced the brown algal genome, revealing genes essential for multicellular life and photosynthesis. The study provides insights into the evolution of higher life on Earth.
The study successfully sequenced the genome of Pseudomonas savastanoi, a pathogenic bacteria causing tuberculosis in olive trees. This achievement paves the way for identifying genes responsible for virulence and developing targeted strategies to combat the disease.
The DOE JGI's new QC tool, GenePRIMP, helps check the quality of microbial genomic DNA sequences, reducing errors in gene annotations. With its ability to identify and correct anomalies, GenePRIMP facilitates comparative analysis and improves the overall accuracy of structural annotations.
Researchers have found a statistically significant association between enteroviral infection and diagnosis of type-1 diabetes in children, with 83% of patients testing positive for enteroviral DNA. The study suggests that different enterovirus types may represent a significant biomarker for early-stage juvenile diabetes.
Researchers found ultra-small microbes, dubbed ARMAN, with tiny genomes and unusual interactions with other Archaea, living in acidic mine drainage. The microbes have unique cellular extensions that pierce other cells, blurring the lines between parasitism and symbiosis.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have used a healthy person's complete genome sequence to predict their risk for dozens of diseases and how they will respond to common medications. The study provides a cumulative risk report that can help physicians make concrete clinical recommendations, improving the efficiency of medicine.
A study by scientists at Stanford and Harvard Universities analyzed a patient's full genome to identify disease risks and unusual drug responses. The analysis revealed variants associated with diseases in the patient's family and conditions not inherited, highlighting the potential of whole-genome sequencing for personalized medicine.
A Purdue University scientist has discovered a long-sought gene that controls soybean stem growth, allowing for the creation of new plant varieties with desirable characteristics. The gene, Dt1, was found to be responsible for determining whether a soybean's stem continues to grow after flowering.
The study provides genomic information that suggests possible intervention targets for further experimental investigation. The genome sequences of the two new bacterial strains will help researchers zero in on the molecular basis of citrus canker, shedding light on why one strain is more virulent than its counterparts.
Researchers analyzed genetic evidence from 139 killer whales and found clear differences among species in the Antarctic and North Pacific. The study suggests that two types of killer whales are separate species, with additional analysis needed to confirm other possible species.
Researchers have identified a gene regulating appetite and explored thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor protein to understand domestication's impact on chickens. The study provides a model for exploring the molecular basis of animal domestication.
Researchers identified a novel sequence bias that regulates genomic expression rates, providing insights into how cells respond to injuries and poisons. This discovery could lead to more efficient production of therapeutic agents and research reagents.
Researchers used high-performance computing to locate small genes missed by scientists, uncovering 380 families of undetected gene families. The study used an ephemeral supercomputer to perform an all-to-all sequence search, reducing the search time from nearly 90 years to just 12 hours.
Researchers analyzed the zebra finch genome, finding large and complex gene regulatory networks in the brain activated by song communication. The study also discovered non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in regulating gene expression.
The Australian zebra finch's genome reveals a complex system for singing, with over 800 genes regulated by the action of singing. The findings may help scientists understand how humans learn language and identify genetic origins of speech disorders like autism, stroke, and stuttering.
A team of researchers has developed a way to identify genetic markers in grapevines that can be linked with specific traits, such as fruit quality and disease resistance. The technology uses modern sequencing approaches to speed up the traditional breeding process, making it more efficient and cost-effective.
UC Irvine researchers have sequenced the Hydra genome, discovering genes linked to Huntington's disease and beta-amyloid plaque formation in Alzheimer's. The genome sequencing advances research on regeneration, stem cells, and patterning, offering potential new treatments for various injuries and diseases.
The completed genome of Naegleria gruberi sheds light on the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, showcasing a single-celled organism with multiple identities. The analysis reveals genes associated with cellular movement and energy production, providing insights into the evolution of eukaryotic organisms.
Researchers sequenced ancient genome from a rare fossil, confirming polar bears are an evolutionarily young species that split from brown bears 150,000 years ago. The study found polar bears adapted rapidly to past climate changes, but their adaptability is uncertain in the face of current and future climate change.
A rare ancient polar bear fossil has yielded essential information about the species' evolutionary history and response to past climate changes. The research confirms that polar bears evolved recently and adapted quickly, with a split from brown bears around 150,000 years ago.
Researchers have identified genomic regions that enabled an ocean-dwelling fish to adapt to freshwater environments in several independently evolved populations. The study, combining new technologies, found similar gene regions across different lakes and populations.