Articles tagged with Genomic Dna
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers are decoding the network of biological complexes that regulate development, focusing on key proteins involved in gene expression. The study aims to understand how these proteins cooperate to perform functions in healthy cells and compare this with disease states, particularly cancer.
Gene duplication in our ancestral species may be responsible for uniquely human characteristics, and also contribute to diseases like autism and schizophrenia. Research estimates that these duplications slowed down after humans diverged from chimpanzees.
Researchers at TGen have found a way to identify possible suspects using small amounts of DNA, even in complex mixes. This breakthrough could help police investigate crimes more effectively and potentially lead to new cost-effective methods for analyzing DNA evidence.
New research reveals that viruses can travel around infected cells by hitching a ride on microtubules, which are microscopic tubes forming part of the cell cytoskeleton. This transport system allows virus DNA to be integrated into the host genome, improving our knowledge of how the virus replicates in host cells.
Scientists chart the epigenome of plant Arabidopsis thaliana, mapping precise DNA modifications and their effects on gene activity. The study provides insights into plant productivity, stress resistance, human genome dynamics, and cancer research.
Researchers at Princeton University found a new biological mechanism that enables ciliate cells to pass on acquired traits to their offspring, bypassing their DNA genetic program. This discovery has implications for understanding cellular processes and natural regulatory mechanisms.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine identified a new mechanism, called Fork Stalling and Template Switching, which causes DNA copy number variation. This process stalls when there is a problem with the DNA, switching to a different template before returning to the original area.
Scientists have sequenced the genome of moss Physcomitrella patens, which can survive severe dehydration and regrow when watered. The study aims to identify genes controlling these survival tactics and adapt crops for drought-stricken areas.
A team of researchers has found that current computer programs can miss up to 60% of regulatory DNA regions, which contribute to inherited diseases like Parkinson's and mental disorders. The study used a novel approach to identify functional DNA sequences in zebrafish embryos, uncovering 17 discrete DNA segments with regulatory potential.
Recent Neanderthal DNA studies yield inconsistent results, sparking debate on the species' role in human evolution. The findings suggest possible contamination or sequencing errors may have compromised previous research.
A Northwestern University researcher has explained the nature of the resistive force that determines the speed of DNA as it moves through a nanopore, using classical hydrodynamics. This understanding could help scientists slow down the DNA enough to make it readable and usable for medical and biotechnology applications.
Researchers at University of Utah have developed a faster and less expensive technique for mutating vast, non-gene stretches of DNA. This new approach enables the evaluation of regulatory sequences that control gene expression, potentially leading to breakthroughs in human disease research.
The ENCODE consortium, led by the University of Washington, has completed a multi-year research effort to boost understanding of how the human genome functions. The study focuses on non-gene sequences, revealing regulatory elements that control gene expression and DNA packaging.
A study using DNA chips has identified four genes associated with type 2 diabetes, accounting for up to 70% of the genetic risk. The genes include TCF7L2, HHEX, EXT2, and SLC30A8, which play major roles in insulin production and pancreatic function.
P/acman allows researchers to study large genes and gene complexes in Drosophila, overcoming a key limitation of currently available methods. This new technique has far-reaching promise for understanding the structure and function of virtually all fly genes.
Scientists have found that the same DNA sequence is present in both humans and an ancient fish thought to be extinct for millions of years, indicating that mobile DNA elements can be adapted to regulate genes. This discovery suggests that mobile DNA may play a role in evolution's toolbox.
Researchers have identified a novel imprinting mechanism in yeast that controls sexual switching by marking genomic DNA with a simple single-strand break. This breakthrough discovery has general implications for how DNA can be marked for asymmetric inheritance affecting cell destiny.
Boston University chemist Thomas Tullius receives NIH grant to develop ENCODE technology for mapping protein-binding sites. His research aims to decipher patterns on DNA's landscape, building tools to understand how structure affects function.
Researchers using new genome scanning technologies found stretches of DNA varying by hundreds of thousands of chemical bases that were present or absent in healthy individuals' genomes. This challenge long-held beliefs about the limited nature of genetic variation.
Researchers at UGA discovered a gene called CUL-4 that regulates DNA replication and prevents uncontrolled cell growth. The study used the tiny worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and found that CUL-4 promotes the degradation of a protein required for DNA replication initiation.
Researchers have developed a new tool to study mankind's diseases by using bacteria as 'copy machines' for DNA taken from other organisms. The tool, called Red/ET recombination, allows scientists to engineer large DNA molecules and insert artificial versions of genes into living systems.
Researchers found the first active 'miniature inverted-repeat transposable element' (MITE) in rice, which can move DNA to different places in the genome. The discovery provides new insights into how genomes change and what role transposons play in promoting plant diversity.
Scientists discovered that some human LINE-1 elements, known as junk DNA, can jump into chromosomes with broken strands and repair the damage. This finding raises questions about the potential benefits of these ancient genetic elements to human cells.
Researchers have confirmed an estimated 30,000 human genes using a comparative analysis of human chromosome 19 with similar sections of mouse DNA. The study found over 300 additional human genes and confirmed the existence of other computer-predicted genes.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a new way to sequence DNA that is faster and more efficient than current methods. By inserting gaps into DNA probes, they can extract substantially more information about the DNA, allowing for the sequencing of tens of thousands of bases.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism for genetic duplication, where duplicated regions are inserted into distant chromosomal sites. This new form of duplication implies that the human genome has more ways of rearranging itself than previously thought.
Researchers at the University of Southern California have discovered a unique nuclear DNA structure that helps elucidate the process of immunoglobulin class switching. This finding may provide insights into B cell cancer, such as Burkitt's lymphoma.
Scholz et al. study reveals significant genomic differences between Neandertal and human fossils, suggesting separate evolutionary histories. The researchers used a novel method to assess cross-hybridization of fossil DNA, allowing them to distinguish two well-defined Neandertal fossils from modern humans.
Researchers at HHMI discover XRCC4, a new type of genomic caretaker that helps repair double-stranded DNA breaks. In mice without p53, XRCC4-deficient mice survive embryonic development and show normal behavior.
The Neisseria meningitidis genome contains hundreds of repetitive elements that facilitate genome fluidity and antigenic variation. The most abundant element is the neisserial DNA uptake sequence, which enables transformation among different species.
Researchers have defined and sequenced the centromeres of five chromosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana, a flowering plant that has become the primary model for plant genetics. The findings represent the first time scientists have identified the genetic boundaries of centromeres in a multi-cellular organism.
Researchers have successfully sequenced human chromosome 17 using a microdevice fabricated from glass wafers, demonstrating a bright future for convenient and low-cost sequencing machines. The device holds 500 sequencing machines on a single chip, making it a significant breakthrough in DNA sequencing technology.
Researchers have identified a structural anomaly in the Taq DNA polymerase enzyme that hampers its performance in DNA sequencing. By modifying this anomaly, scientists created an improved version of the enzyme, which increases sequencing speed and reduces errors.
Gene therapy's concern about viral DNA insertion into gametes is unfounded, as naturally occurring insertions in sperm cells are 100 times more common than the FDA limit. Researchers estimate that 1 individual in every 8 carries a new retrotransposon insertion.
University of Hawaii scientists have developed a new method for producing transgenic mammals by injecting DNA into eggs using mouse sperm. The technique, called Honolulu transgenesis, has shown success in producing green mice with a jellyfish 'green gene'.
Researchers at Cornell University are working on an artificial gel made of silicon that could lead to faster and cheaper methods for DNA sequencing. The biochip is designed to identify DNA fragments by measuring their movement through uniform-sized passages, allowing for more precise control and comparison with theoretical predictions.
The Whitehead Institute will build chip-based genome sequencing machines that can sequence 7 million DNA letters per day, reducing the cost of capital equipment by a factor of ten. The machines will be geared towards reading longer stretches of DNA, crucial for piece together overlapping fragments.
A study at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center found that certain retrotransposons can pick up flanking genetic sequences and insert themselves along with tag-along DNA, creating novel genetic combinations. This mechanism may contribute to evolutionary change in humans and other mammals by generating genomic diversity.
Researchers have identified the binding structure of DNA and protein in ancient hyperthermophilic archaeons, revealing a more complex and interesting mechanism than previously thought. The study sheds light on how proteins attach to DNA to stabilize and protect it in extreme conditions.
The research reveals the structure of T7 DNA polymerase, a protein crucial for DNA replication, showcasing its high accuracy and speed. The study provides insights into how this enzyme achieves its accuracy and could guide the development of better reagents for DNA sequencing.
Researchers have identified a new molecular switch that triggers mismatch repair in cells, which can prevent colon cancer. The discovery provides a foundation to specifically target anticancer drugs to this gene.
Scientists at ORNL use an atomic force microscope to image a serpentine strand of DNA, revealing protein bumps that form when proteins attach to specific sites. The technique is being developed as an alternative to conventional DNA mapping methods, promising improved accuracy and speed.
Researchers have identified mobile DNA segments in the maize genome that are similar to retroviruses, which could provide a mechanism for plants to resist certain viruses. These 'selfish DNAs' can replicate and transmit to future generations without harming their hosts.