Articles tagged with Genomic Dna
Researchers have discovered a near complete catalog of DNA segments that copy themselves, move around, and insert themselves in the human genome. These transposon insertion locations help determine physical traits and disease risks, and may lead to new disease gene discoveries.
A study of copy number variations in the genome found no significant link between these changes and common diseases. However, rare genetic variants and epigenetic factors are believed to play a role in disease susceptibility. The research suggests that focusing on other genetic variations may lead to important advances in human health.
Research reveals that a DNA interval in chromosome 9p21 increases the risk for coronary artery disease by regulating cell division genes, which can lead to vascular cell proliferation and narrowed coronary arteries. The study's findings suggest potential therapies targeting these genes could combat the disease.
Researchers found that a master regulatory protein called KAP1 orchestrates silencing of viral sequences, preventing harm to the host. The discovery provides insights into evolution and suggests potential new therapies for fighting AIDS.
The company's proprietary platform enables efficient imaging with low reagent consumption, generating high-quality diploid base calls in up to 95% of the genomes sequenced. The approach identifies 3.2 million to 4.5 million sequence variants per genome processed.
The human genome is organized into two separate compartments, with active genes separated from inactive DNA. The fractal globule architecture enables cells to pack DNA densely while avoiding knots, allowing for efficient gene expression and replication.
Scientists have successfully mapped the melon genome with hundreds of DNA markers, allowing for the identification of desirable genes for higher sugar content, disease resistance, and drought tolerance. This breakthrough will aid in developing new melon varieties for future summer picnics.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have created a comprehensive library of clones covering most of the Drosophila melanogaster genome using the P[acman] tool. This new resource enables scientists to study large chunks of DNA in living flies, facilitating genetic research and discovery.
The American Society of Human Genetics hosted its fourth annual DNA Day essay contest to educate students and teachers about genetic science. The contest challenged high school students to write original essays on the genetic basis of various traits, including health and disease. ASHG received over 300 submissions from around the world.
Researchers have successfully sequenced the genomes of two uncultured flavobacteria using a novel single-cell approach. This technique allows for the analysis of minute quantities of DNA and has potential applications in biotechnology and understanding microbial communities.
Researchers are decoding the network of biological complexes that regulate development, focusing on key proteins involved in gene expression. The study aims to understand how these proteins cooperate to perform functions in healthy cells and compare this with disease states, particularly cancer.
Gene duplication in our ancestral species may be responsible for uniquely human characteristics, and also contribute to diseases like autism and schizophrenia. Research estimates that these duplications slowed down after humans diverged from chimpanzees.
Researchers at TGen have found a way to identify possible suspects using small amounts of DNA, even in complex mixes. This breakthrough could help police investigate crimes more effectively and potentially lead to new cost-effective methods for analyzing DNA evidence.
New research reveals that viruses can travel around infected cells by hitching a ride on microtubules, which are microscopic tubes forming part of the cell cytoskeleton. This transport system allows virus DNA to be integrated into the host genome, improving our knowledge of how the virus replicates in host cells.
Scientists chart the epigenome of plant Arabidopsis thaliana, mapping precise DNA modifications and their effects on gene activity. The study provides insights into plant productivity, stress resistance, human genome dynamics, and cancer research.
Researchers at Princeton University found a new biological mechanism that enables ciliate cells to pass on acquired traits to their offspring, bypassing their DNA genetic program. This discovery has implications for understanding cellular processes and natural regulatory mechanisms.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine identified a new mechanism, called Fork Stalling and Template Switching, which causes DNA copy number variation. This process stalls when there is a problem with the DNA, switching to a different template before returning to the original area.
Scientists have sequenced the genome of moss Physcomitrella patens, which can survive severe dehydration and regrow when watered. The study aims to identify genes controlling these survival tactics and adapt crops for drought-stricken areas.
A team of researchers has found that current computer programs can miss up to 60% of regulatory DNA regions, which contribute to inherited diseases like Parkinson's and mental disorders. The study used a novel approach to identify functional DNA sequences in zebrafish embryos, uncovering 17 discrete DNA segments with regulatory potential.
Recent Neanderthal DNA studies yield inconsistent results, sparking debate on the species' role in human evolution. The findings suggest possible contamination or sequencing errors may have compromised previous research.
A Northwestern University researcher has explained the nature of the resistive force that determines the speed of DNA as it moves through a nanopore, using classical hydrodynamics. This understanding could help scientists slow down the DNA enough to make it readable and usable for medical and biotechnology applications.
Researchers at University of Utah have developed a faster and less expensive technique for mutating vast, non-gene stretches of DNA. This new approach enables the evaluation of regulatory sequences that control gene expression, potentially leading to breakthroughs in human disease research.
The ENCODE consortium, led by the University of Washington, has completed a multi-year research effort to boost understanding of how the human genome functions. The study focuses on non-gene sequences, revealing regulatory elements that control gene expression and DNA packaging.
A study using DNA chips has identified four genes associated with type 2 diabetes, accounting for up to 70% of the genetic risk. The genes include TCF7L2, HHEX, EXT2, and SLC30A8, which play major roles in insulin production and pancreatic function.
P/acman allows researchers to study large genes and gene complexes in Drosophila, overcoming a key limitation of currently available methods. This new technique has far-reaching promise for understanding the structure and function of virtually all fly genes.
Scientists have found that the same DNA sequence is present in both humans and an ancient fish thought to be extinct for millions of years, indicating that mobile DNA elements can be adapted to regulate genes. This discovery suggests that mobile DNA may play a role in evolution's toolbox.
Researchers have identified a novel imprinting mechanism in yeast that controls sexual switching by marking genomic DNA with a simple single-strand break. This breakthrough discovery has general implications for how DNA can be marked for asymmetric inheritance affecting cell destiny.
Boston University chemist Thomas Tullius receives NIH grant to develop ENCODE technology for mapping protein-binding sites. His research aims to decipher patterns on DNA's landscape, building tools to understand how structure affects function.
Researchers using new genome scanning technologies found stretches of DNA varying by hundreds of thousands of chemical bases that were present or absent in healthy individuals' genomes. This challenge long-held beliefs about the limited nature of genetic variation.
Researchers at UGA discovered a gene called CUL-4 that regulates DNA replication and prevents uncontrolled cell growth. The study used the tiny worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and found that CUL-4 promotes the degradation of a protein required for DNA replication initiation.
Researchers have developed a new tool to study mankind's diseases by using bacteria as 'copy machines' for DNA taken from other organisms. The tool, called Red/ET recombination, allows scientists to engineer large DNA molecules and insert artificial versions of genes into living systems.
Researchers found the first active 'miniature inverted-repeat transposable element' (MITE) in rice, which can move DNA to different places in the genome. The discovery provides new insights into how genomes change and what role transposons play in promoting plant diversity.
Scientists discovered that some human LINE-1 elements, known as junk DNA, can jump into chromosomes with broken strands and repair the damage. This finding raises questions about the potential benefits of these ancient genetic elements to human cells.
Researchers have confirmed an estimated 30,000 human genes using a comparative analysis of human chromosome 19 with similar sections of mouse DNA. The study found over 300 additional human genes and confirmed the existence of other computer-predicted genes.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a new way to sequence DNA that is faster and more efficient than current methods. By inserting gaps into DNA probes, they can extract substantially more information about the DNA, allowing for the sequencing of tens of thousands of bases.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism for genetic duplication, where duplicated regions are inserted into distant chromosomal sites. This new form of duplication implies that the human genome has more ways of rearranging itself than previously thought.
Researchers at the University of Southern California have discovered a unique nuclear DNA structure that helps elucidate the process of immunoglobulin class switching. This finding may provide insights into B cell cancer, such as Burkitt's lymphoma.
Scholz et al. study reveals significant genomic differences between Neandertal and human fossils, suggesting separate evolutionary histories. The researchers used a novel method to assess cross-hybridization of fossil DNA, allowing them to distinguish two well-defined Neandertal fossils from modern humans.
Researchers at HHMI discover XRCC4, a new type of genomic caretaker that helps repair double-stranded DNA breaks. In mice without p53, XRCC4-deficient mice survive embryonic development and show normal behavior.
The Neisseria meningitidis genome contains hundreds of repetitive elements that facilitate genome fluidity and antigenic variation. The most abundant element is the neisserial DNA uptake sequence, which enables transformation among different species.
Researchers have defined and sequenced the centromeres of five chromosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana, a flowering plant that has become the primary model for plant genetics. The findings represent the first time scientists have identified the genetic boundaries of centromeres in a multi-cellular organism.
Researchers have successfully sequenced human chromosome 17 using a microdevice fabricated from glass wafers, demonstrating a bright future for convenient and low-cost sequencing machines. The device holds 500 sequencing machines on a single chip, making it a significant breakthrough in DNA sequencing technology.
Researchers have identified a structural anomaly in the Taq DNA polymerase enzyme that hampers its performance in DNA sequencing. By modifying this anomaly, scientists created an improved version of the enzyme, which increases sequencing speed and reduces errors.
Gene therapy's concern about viral DNA insertion into gametes is unfounded, as naturally occurring insertions in sperm cells are 100 times more common than the FDA limit. Researchers estimate that 1 individual in every 8 carries a new retrotransposon insertion.
University of Hawaii scientists have developed a new method for producing transgenic mammals by injecting DNA into eggs using mouse sperm. The technique, called Honolulu transgenesis, has shown success in producing green mice with a jellyfish 'green gene'.
Researchers at Cornell University are working on an artificial gel made of silicon that could lead to faster and cheaper methods for DNA sequencing. The biochip is designed to identify DNA fragments by measuring their movement through uniform-sized passages, allowing for more precise control and comparison with theoretical predictions.
The Whitehead Institute will build chip-based genome sequencing machines that can sequence 7 million DNA letters per day, reducing the cost of capital equipment by a factor of ten. The machines will be geared towards reading longer stretches of DNA, crucial for piece together overlapping fragments.
A study at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center found that certain retrotransposons can pick up flanking genetic sequences and insert themselves along with tag-along DNA, creating novel genetic combinations. This mechanism may contribute to evolutionary change in humans and other mammals by generating genomic diversity.
Researchers have identified the binding structure of DNA and protein in ancient hyperthermophilic archaeons, revealing a more complex and interesting mechanism than previously thought. The study sheds light on how proteins attach to DNA to stabilize and protect it in extreme conditions.
The research reveals the structure of T7 DNA polymerase, a protein crucial for DNA replication, showcasing its high accuracy and speed. The study provides insights into how this enzyme achieves its accuracy and could guide the development of better reagents for DNA sequencing.
Researchers have identified a new molecular switch that triggers mismatch repair in cells, which can prevent colon cancer. The discovery provides a foundation to specifically target anticancer drugs to this gene.
Scientists at ORNL use an atomic force microscope to image a serpentine strand of DNA, revealing protein bumps that form when proteins attach to specific sites. The technique is being developed as an alternative to conventional DNA mapping methods, promising improved accuracy and speed.
Researchers have identified mobile DNA segments in the maize genome that are similar to retroviruses, which could provide a mechanism for plants to resist certain viruses. These 'selfish DNAs' can replicate and transmit to future generations without harming their hosts.