Articles tagged with Genomics
Herrera-Estrella is one of 90 new Fellows to the Royal Society, known for his groundbreaking research on plant adaptation to environmental extremes. His work has secured over $10 million in funding and led to the development of innovative phenotyping machines.
A recent study using whole-genome data reveals the complex history of South American Indigenous peoples, with genetic diversity higher in Central America and the Southern Cone. The research also identifies a third wave of migration from Mesoamerica around 1,300 years ago, which challenges previous views about Indigenous groups.
The new study provides a comprehensive blueprint for establishing robust DNA barcoding networks worldwide. The research highlights the need for harmonizing methodologies, securing sustainable funding, and engaging stakeholders to ensure the long-term success of national nodes.
Researchers used wastewater surveillance to detect drug-resistant Candida auris strains up to five months before patients showed symptoms, opening a new frontier for hospitals. The study found higher detection rates and concentrations of the pathogen in hospital wastewater compared to community-scale treatment plants.
This review synthesizes recent progress in rice grain size and nutritional quality, identifying key signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms. Strategic approaches, including genome editing and precision design, can improve yield while enhancing nutritional value for human health.
Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have identified a new marker, FOXA1, which shows high sensitivity in diagnosing small cell carcinoma of the prostate. This breakthrough offers hope for improving patient care and prognostic decisions.
Researchers at UC Davis have found over 250 new genetically distinct variants of peppermint through gamma radiation-induced mutations. These variants can be used to identify key genes for breeding or selecting new varieties with improved disease resistance.
Researchers have identified a long non-coding RNA gene, PTCHD1-AS, as a contributor to increased likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in males. The study found that deletions within this gene influence social interaction and repetitive behaviors without affecting cognition.
Researchers have developed a new gene editing technology called 'prime assembly' that allows efficient insertion of large DNA segments into the human genome. This innovation enables treatment of genetic diseases by replacing entire genes, promising substantial progress in treating conditions with multiple mutations.
A study found that transposable elements, once considered non-functional DNA, contribute to the evolution and expansion of gene regulation during neural development. The findings suggest a two-phase model of TE acquisition during evolution, involving both ancient and more recent expansions that shaped modern gene regulatory networks.
Researchers developed RegVelo, an AI framework that models cellular dynamics and gene regulation to predict cellular fate decisions. The model traces developmental trajectories and simulates regulatory interactions, providing insights into hidden drivers of development and potential therapeutic targets.
A team of horticulture scientists has identified the single genetic region controlling primocane-fruiting in blackberries, a discovery expected to speed up breeding for improved varieties. The study validated the result through genetic linkage mapping and identified candidate genes involved in flowering regulation.
A new Northwestern University study details how NIH built the field of genomics through coordinated scientific efforts, supported workforces, and developed shared research infrastructure. The analysis of NIH's digital archive shows leadership played a crucial role in resolving technical challenges and guiding scientific communities.
A research team has identified two distinct genetic lineages corresponding to low- and high-altitude habitats in Capsella bursa-pastoris. Genome-wide scans detected 54 candidate genes under positive selection, highlighting temperature seasonality and precipitation as key drivers of adaptive divergence.
A massive study involving 78,000 participants reveals new insights into the genetic regulation of blood proteins and their role in diseases. The findings hold potential to transform our understanding of different diseases and inform drug development.
A comprehensive watermelon super-pangenome has been established to understand genotypic differences contributing to phenotypic variation in watermelon. This resource integrates 138 genomes from wild and cultivated watermelons, revealing evolutionary relationships and genomic prediction capabilities.
Researchers at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center have made significant advancements in targeted therapy treatments for advanced lung cancer and early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The studies showcase high response rates with novel combination therapies and a new understanding of how an enzyme affects infertility and cancer progression.
J. Craig Venter's pioneering work in expressed sequence tags revolutionized brain-expressed genes identification, while his synthetic cells paved the way for synthetic biology as a working discipline. His legacy has reshaped our understanding of genomes and their functions.
Researchers developed a framework to study the impact of genetic variants on neurodevelopmental disorders. By analyzing induced pluripotent stem cells, they found that genetic background can lead to different clinical outcomes in individuals with the same deletion on chromosome 16.
Researchers developed a new tool called TRAnsmision Clustering of Strains (TRACS) to track the spread of disease-causing microbes using genomics. The tool distinguishes between closely related bacterial strains and can identify transmission networks and rule out events in ongoing public health applications.
Researchers found that camels have a more flexible and coordinated response to heat stress, allowing them to maintain stability even at higher temperatures. In contrast, human cells tend to respond in a more rigid way, making them less adaptable under heat stress.
Researchers developed a novel disease classification system and AI-assisted decision support tool to improve CMML care. The International CMML Prognostic Scoring System (iCPSS) demonstrates superior prognostic discrimination, stratifying patients into five risk groups with different survival outcomes.
Researchers have produced complete genome sequences for six peanut varieties, identifying two candidate genes linked to oil content and seed size. These findings provide a comprehensive blueprint for future peanut breeding and improvement strategies.
A study mapped early molecular and cellular changes in the jaw joint that may trigger temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. The research found structural and molecular changes in joint tissues, including inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic shifts. Single-cell sequencing revealed diverse cell populations interacting within the synov...
Aging bone repair declines due to mitochondrial DNA structures disrupting stem cell function, reducing energy production and causing cellular senescence pathways. Targeting these structures may restore balance between bone and cartilage formation during healing.
Researchers tracked 30 patients with chronic blood cancers over time, finding that those whose disease remained stable had 'steady' blood cells without additional mutations. Conversely, those with progressing diseases developed changes in DNA years before symptoms worsened. This challenges current views on diagnosing patients without t...
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes identified hundreds of human genes influencing HIV infection and two potent antiviral proteins, PI16 and PPID. These proteins block HIV's entry into T cells or limit its ability to replicate within the cell.
Researchers developed mosaic mini-brains to study focal cortical dysplasia type II, a condition causing seizures in children. The findings support the two-hit model, suggesting that complete loss of DEPDC5 is necessary and sufficient to initiate the disease, with mosaicism determining lesion extent.
A new report estimates that sequencing DNA of all complex life in UK and Ireland could benefit the economy through improved crop resilience, medicine, and conservation. The Darwin Tree of Life Project has already saved research costs by providing over 2,500 reference genomes.
A recent study from The Jackson Laboratory has identified dozens of unexpected genes strongly linked to type 2 diabetes. These genes are key to cell death and vitamin A metabolism, suggesting the disease depends on expression changes that can be targeted for treatment.
Researchers at UT MD Anderson have made significant advancements in cancer care, including a blood-based biomarker for cancer risk in people with Lynch Syndrome and a new target to sensitize pancreatic tumors to immunotherapy. The studies also identified a strategy to overcome radiation therapy resistance in lung cancer.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School have developed a new method called PARTAGE that provides a clearer picture of how the genome is regulated and disrupted in diseases like cancer. The method allows for the measurement of three key features from the same sample: DNA duplication, genomic alterations, and gene activ...
An international team is calling for a coordinated effort to map gene expression across every cell type and developmental stage of wheat. Spatial omics technologies can transform wheat research by revealing how individual cells respond to stress, regulate grain development, and control yield-related traits.
A study analyzing over 15,000 Latin American individuals identifies 35 genes significantly associated with autism, showing extensive overlap with previously identified genes in European-ancestry cohorts. The findings support the universal biological foundations of autism and highlight the need for diverse populations to be represented ...
A newly developed AI tool called EvORanker analyzes genetic patterns across over 1,000 species to identify the cause of rare diseases. In clinical testing, it successfully identified the disease-causing gene in nearly 70% of cases, offering new hope for treatment and closure.
Researchers developed an AI tool called PathogenFinder2 that can detect harmful bacteria before they infect humans. The tool uses protein language models and has been shown to significantly improve the detection of bacterial threats.
Researchers sequenced the complete genome of Pseudocercospora cladosporioides, identifying key genes involved in degrading the olive tree's cell wall and inhibiting its resistance mechanisms. This breakthrough will aid in breeding resistant varieties and understanding fungus-olive tree interactions.
A recent study on sheep genome sheds light on regulatory elements that influence gene expression, providing tools for breeders to select beneficial traits and avoid disease. The study mapped gene promoters and enhancers in various tissues, offering a platform for exploring future research across multiple animal species.
Scientists have developed a new method to measure the editing process that fuels cancer growth and survival. By analyzing RNA sequencing data, researchers found two distinct cellular editing programs in cancer, one accelerating and the other decelerating tumour growth. This breakthrough may lead to new therapeutic targets and treatment...
Researchers created the most comprehensive single-cell atlas of epigenetic changes in the aging mouse brain, revealing how DNA methylation, genome structure, and gene activity change across brain regions and cell types. The atlas has already shown clear epigenetic differences between different age groups and allowed the development of ...
A new study by Stockholm University researchers reveals distinct populations of Baltic Sea herring with varying levels of genetic adaptation to local conditions. The findings highlight the importance of genetic diversity in managing herring populations and suggest that current fishing practices may be detrimental to local populations.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego identified new genetic variants associated with autism spectrum disorder using long-read whole genome sequencing. The approach enhanced the discovery of genetic variants, offering new insights into the genetic origins of autism.
Researchers discovered that tendon stem cells and progenitor cells fail to differentiate into mature, functional cells, instead promoting scar buildup. Immune cells, including macrophages, also play a central role in sustaining fibrosis, creating a self-sustaining environment that is difficult to reverse.
A new study reveals that people of South Asian, African, and European ancestry share common genetic risk factors for multiple sclerosis, despite historic lack of representation in research. The study highlights the importance of diverse representation in research to improve understanding of the disease and develop effective treatments.
Salk Institute researchers identified Med14, a protein connected to GLP-1 drug effects on pancreatic beta cells, leading to improved viability, insulin production, and stress resistance. The study suggests a potential molecular link between GLP-1 drugs and broader benefits, including type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes.
The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, McGill University, and the University of Ottawa have launched ARCHIMEDES, a national health data platform providing Canadian researchers with secure access to diverse health data. The platform enables collaboration, supports advanced analyses, including AI algorithms, and prioritizes public trust.
A new study from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center reveals that analyzing a patient's genomic profile can predict breast cancer resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. The researchers found that inheriting a BRCA2 mutation and other genetic alterations increase the likelihood of resistance. This discovery provides a new strategy for pred...
A massive Swedish study of over 2 million individuals reveals that genetic risk for mental illness is far less disorder-specific than clinicians have assumed. Schizophrenia shows the highest genetic specificity, while drug use disorder has a much lower specificity, scattering its genetic risk across multiple conditions.
Seq-Scope-eXpanded allows researchers to see even finer transcription detail, enabling discoveries that weren't possible with previous methods. The technology has been expanded to capture transcriptome from tissue with greater resolution.
Researchers at Rockefeller University create comprehensive atlas of cell changes with age, revealing synchronized changes across organs and sex differences. The study identifies vulnerable cell types and molecular hotspots that could be targeted with drugs to slow aging.
Ancient genetic fragments called L1 elements destabilise the cancer genome years before diagnosis, giving malignant cells more opportunities to grow and adapt. Long-read sequencing technology reveals large-scale structural rearrangements that seed genomic chaos, potentially driving cancer development.
Researchers shed light on moths & butterflies' evolution, conservation needs, and diverse feeding habits. Discoveries suggest that these insects obtained plant-digesting abilities from fungi, while mandibled moths were once more diverse but largely extinct.
Dr. Dennis Lal has been appointed as the new executive director of the Center for Innovation in Health Informatics at UT Arlington, succeeding Marion Ball. He will lead initiatives on precision health, clinical AI, and health care-scale informatics.
A new study explores how artificial lighting at night shapes ecological and genetic patterns of two closely related isopod species, Ligia laticarpa and L. furcata, in Tokyo Bay. The research reveals a clear ecological boundary between the two species, consistent with patterns of urban illumination.
A new Immunology Center will accelerate discoveries in muscle immunology and immune responses to gene therapies. Klaudia Kuranda brings expertise in immunology, onco-immunology, and leadership experience to the center.
Researchers have developed an artificial DNA base pair that relies on halogen bonds, enabling stable structures and recognizing naturally occurring enzymes. This breakthrough expands the genetic alphabet and could open up new possibilities in synthetic biology.
Scientists from the University of Texas at Austin have solved the mystery of how complex life evolved. The discovery suggests that eukaryotes arose when an Asgard archaeon developed a symbiotic relationship with an alphaproteobacterium, which led to the evolution of mitochondria and oxygen-based energy metabolism.
Researchers from ISTA developed an algorithm that can extract and analyze information from the world’s most extensive biobank with unprecedented accuracy and speed. The method, dubbed gVAMP, enhances the framework's ability to extract complex information from the dataset at hand, providing a detailed overview of the effects on a trait ...
A study found that age, biological sex, and human genetic factors determine the quantity and specificity of antibodies produced in response to viral infections. The research has significant implications for vaccine and therapeutic design, as it shows that individual profiles can be tailored to improve treatment effectiveness.
A gene variant controlling blood vessel formation in muscles affects endurance and metabolism. High-intensity training can increase blood vessel growth by reducing the gene's activity.