The life cycle of proteins
Researchers discovered that around one-tenth of proteins remain stable and live longer than expected as they age. This finding could explain why additional gene copies don't automatically result in more protein production.
Protein Coding Genes
Articles tagged with Protein Coding Genes
Life Sciences
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
447,757
articles
2542
topics
Health and Medicine
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
431,843
articles
751
topics
Social Sciences
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
260,756
articles
745
topics
Physical Sciences
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
257,913
articles
1552
topics
Applied Sciences and Engineering
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
225,386
articles
998
topics
Scientific Community
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
193,043
articles
157
topics
Space Sciences
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
29,662
articles
175
topics
Research Methods
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
21,889
articles
139
topics
Mathematics
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
3,023
articles
113
topics
Researchers modify yeast to show how plants respond to a key hormone
Researchers have developed a novel toolkit based on modified yeast cells to tease out how plant genes and proteins respond to auxin, the most ubiquitous plant hormone. The system revealed the basic 'code' of auxin signaling, including how specific combinations of repressing or activating proteins can bind to auxin, DNA, and one another.
Scientists at the CNIO have deconstructed 1 of the myths of biological innovation
Scientists at CNIO deconstructed alternative splicing as a source of protein production, finding it secondary to gene dominance. The study reveals that most human genes produce a single dominant protein, calling for rethinking biological innovation.
Researchers at the CNIO discover a gene that is essential for the DNA-replication process
The discovery of POLD3's critical role in DNA replication reveals its necessity for both tumor and healthy cells, casting doubt on its use as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The study used genetic engineering to eliminate the gene in mice, showing its essential function in cell division and survival.
A minimalist theory to predict protein movements
Researchers developed a novel simulation technique called eBDIMS to predict protein movements, which can be done on standard PCs. This approach uses low-resolution models, simplifying the structure of proteins, allowing for precise predictions in minutes, not months.
Successful recycling: Protein quality control in the cell
Researchers have discovered how the Doa10 ligase complex forms a ubiquitin chain to mark faulty proteins for degradation. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The study sheds light on the importance of protein quality control in cells.
Protein ZMYND8 tied to suppression of prostate cancer tumor metastasis
A study at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reveals protein ZMYND8's ability to block metastasis-linked gene expression in prostate cancer. ZMYND8 cooperates with histone mark eraser JARID1D to suppress metastasis-linked genes.
Two proteins safeguard skin stem cells
Researchers have identified two proteins that safeguard skin stem cells, which are essential for skin renewal and regeneration. The study reveals that without these proteins, skin stem cells collapse and disappear from the tissue.
Red meat consumption linked with increased risk of developing kidney failure
A new study found a strong association between red meat intake and increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with soy and legumes appearing slightly protective. Substituting one serving of red meat with other protein sources can significantly reduce the risk of ESRD by up to 62%.
Life at the extremes
Researchers studied Euplotes focardii's genes and proteins for survival in cold, oxygen-rich waters. The organism produces protective proteins against oxidative stress and adapts quickly through flexible RNA decoding.
In the firefly's flash, seeking new insights on evolution
Researchers analyzed firefly flash signals to understand how new mating signals arise through evolution. They found variations in luciferase and opsin genes didn't correlate with signal color changes, suggesting natural selection may be acting on unknown DNA sequences.
New technique targets gene that causes neurodegenerative disease
Scientists have developed a new technique to selectively block the disease-causing protein in mice with spinocerbellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). The method uses a modified virus to deliver micro RNA that prevents SCA6 from developing, offering a potential treatment for other diseases caused by mutations in bicistronic genes.
'Amazing protein diversity' is discovered in the maize plant
Researchers found a vast array of previously unknown RNA transcripts and alternative splicing patterns, revealing new functional parts of the maize gene. This discovery has great importance for agriculture, as it can help breed corn to adapt to climate changes.
Researchers explore epigenetic influences of chronic pain
A study published in Epigenetics & Chromatin identified a critical role for methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in regulating gene expression involved in pain perception. MeCP2 was found to be increased after nerve injury, leading to changes in downstream genes that can cause pain.
Cancer-preventing protein finds its own way in our DNA
Geneticists at KU Leuven have discovered that tumour protein TP53 can autonomously locate and bind to specific DNA sequences, activating the right genes to repair damaged cells. This finding sheds light on the mechanisms controlling gene expression and holds promise for future cancer therapies.
Defining the consequences of genetic variation on a proteome-wide scale
The study reveals that genetic variants can affect protein levels through post-transcriptional effects, including direct protein-protein interactions. By combining quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics, researchers can infer the proteome-wide effects of a specific genetic variant.
Unexpected function of small nucleolar RNAs explains cause of some diseases
Research reveals snoRNAs control ribosome modification and regulate alternative splicing, leading to wrong protein variants. This discovery explains the cause of diseases like Prader-Willi syndrome and cancer, and offers a possible therapy for genetic hyperphagia.
Cancer cell immunity in the crosshairs: Worth the expense?
Researchers at Kyoto University have identified a genetic mechanism that could predict effectiveness of cure for certain cancers. Genetic alterations affecting the PD-L1 protein allow cancer cells to escape immune detection, but these abnormalities were found in many common cancer types.
UMass Amherst researchers untangle disease-related protein misfolding
A UMass Amherst research team discovered the folding mechanism of serpin antithrombin III, a key protein in the blood coagulation pathway. They found that this protein folds to a higher-energy state, allowing it to function as a 'molecular mousetrap' and generate the work required for physiological functions.
Scientists discover the evolutionary link between protein structure and function
Researchers discovered a crucial connection between protein structures and molecular functions by analyzing ancient genetic sequences. They found that tiny gene segments determine the formation of active sites in proteins, enabling them to perform specific functions.
Steps that lead to genes being switched on revealed in atomic simulation
Researchers at Imperial College London have created a computer simulation of gene expression interactions, revealing the sequence of events that lead to genes being switched on. This breakthrough could lead to the design of molecules that interfere with or disrupt the process, potentially tackling diseases.
Gene expression depends on a constant dialogue between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Research reveals gene expression is a two-way communication between nucleus and cytoplasm, controlled by the Ccr4-Not complex. This protein complex acts as a messenger to ensure transcription and translation levels are well-balanced.
No longer lost in translation: CSU biochemists watch gene expression in real time
Researchers at CSU have made a groundbreaking discovery by imaging RNA translation in real time, shedding light on the fundamental cellular process. They observed proteins forming and maturing at a rate of 10 amino acids per second, and found polysomes to be globular rather than elongated.
Discovery of a fundamental limit to the evolution of the genetic code
A study by IRB Barcelona reveals the genetic code stopped evolving at 20 amino acids due to limitations in tRNA molecules. The researchers explain that new amino acids can't be introduced without causing problems with protein synthesis and translation.
In wide range of species, longevity proteins affect dozens of the same genes
A study found that FOXO proteins regulate 46 conserved genes across four species, including metabolism and DNA repair processes. This research provides new guidance on understanding the biology of aging and could lead to the development of interventions to promote health and longevity in humans.
Newly discovered proteins may protect against aging's illnesses
Researchers have identified six newly discovered proteins that may help prevent diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and other age-related illnesses. The tiny proteins are produced in the mitochondria of cells and play a significant role in metabolism and cell survival.
Function of mysterious RNAs may often lie in their genes
A team co-led by Penn Medicine researcher discovers that a mysterious lncRNA has no obvious function in regulating its neighbor's gene expression, but the DNA from which it originates does. The study reveals a new mechanism for enhancer functions in the genome, pointing to a broader role of non-coding DNA and RNA.
New target makes end run against therapy-resistant prostate cancer
Researchers have found that suppressing the nuclear receptor protein ROR-γ with small-molecule compounds can reduce androgen receptor levels in castration-resistant prostate cancer, stopping tumor growth. This novel approach targets the root cause of the problem - the overexpression of the AR gene and its protein.
Unlocking the secrets of gene expression
Researchers have made a major breakthrough in understanding how cells find the right DNA to copy, revealing the role of TFIID and its ability to recognize different sequences for different genes. This finding paves the way for understanding and treating various malignancies.
Brad Pitt's and fruit flies' cowlicks controlled by cancer protein
A study led by Michigan State University reveals that the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein controls cell migration in fruit flies and humans, contributing to cancer metastasis. The researchers also found that this protein regulates polarity genes important for maintaining proper cell organization and specialized functions.
Plant's morning calls to prepare for the night
A study published in The Plant Cell reveals that clock genes produced during the evening are regulated by clock proteins produced in the morning. This discovery sheds light on how plants adapt to their environment through a complex biological clock system.
2016 Protein Society Awards
The 2016 Protein Society Awards recognized Dr. Gary Pielak, Dr. Rachel Klevit, Dr. H. Eric Xu, and Dr. Andreas Plückthun for their groundbreaking contributions to protein science. The winners received prestigious awards sponsored by Rigaku Corporation, Genentech, The Neurath Foundation, and The Protein Society.
How an artificial protein rescues dying cells
Researchers at Princeton University discovered how a synthetic protein called SynSerB promotes cell growth in serine-depleted E. coli cells. By inducing overexpression of a protein called HisB, SynSerB enables the production of essential amino acid serine, allowing cells to survive.
New research adds additional layer of complexity to human protein landscape
Researchers have discovered alternative protein versions, known as proteoforms, which are stable and tightly regulated, challenging the single gene-single protein theory. This study adds an extra dimension to the human protein landscape, potentially affecting gene editing techniques.
Protein that limits the severity of genetic kidney disease found
Researchers from Kumamoto University have identified the protein p53, which plays a crucial role in slowing down the progression of Alport syndrome. The study suggests that recovering the function of the p53 gene could help inhibit symptom progression and develop new treatment strategies for genetic diseases.
Growth factor in brain tied to slower mental decline
A study published in Neurology found that individuals with higher BDNF protein levels had slower cognitive decline than those with lower levels. The researchers discovered a 50% reduction in cognitive decline for those in the highest 10% of protein expression compared to the lowest 10%.
Scientists shed new light on workings of genetic regulation
A team of scientists has uncovered greater intricacy in protein signaling than previously understood, shedding light on the nature of genetic production. The research found that both protein synthesis and mRNA production are highly regulated processes, with different patterns and responses to outside stimuli.
A new twist in genetic switches
Rice University researchers found that a master regulator's activity is determined by kinetics, not thermodynamics. The study revealed the 'molecular stripping' process, which quickly stops protein production.
Watching the ribosome at work
A new method called RiboTaper helps to clarify the function of unknown genes by analyzing sequencing data. By filtering out background noise, researchers can determine which genes are actively producing proteins and identify specific points on RNA where significant events occur.
Skewed expression of mRNA components correlates with fine tuning of protein production
Researchers at Rockefeller University found that mRNA components are expressed unevenly, with some regions carrying coding sequences and others not. This skewed expression may regulate protein production, particularly during embryonic development, and could provide new insights into gene function.
Researchers find out cause of mutations which are not in genetic material
A recent study published in Oncogene reveals that alterations in an intermediate molecule called RNA can lead to protein mutations without DNA damage. This discovery highlights the importance of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 in regulating gene expression and contributing to tumor growth.
Protein factors tie the genome up in a bow for gene expression
Researchers mapped the topological structure of the human genome, revealing how proteins like CTCF and cohesin organize genes for proper transcription. The findings provide new insights into the relationship between genome architecture and gene regulation, with potential implications for understanding genetic diseases.
Rice news release: Obstacles not always a hindrance to proteins
Protein seekers can find genetic targets faster with obstacles in some cases, according to Rice University scientists. The study resolves conflicts between other research on protein interactions with DNA.
Stanford engineers invent process to accelerate protein evolution
Researchers have invented a technique to dramatically accelerate protein evolution, allowing them to test millions of variants in hours or days. The technology, called µSCALE, enables the identification of promising variants and their DNA sequences, paving the way for breakthroughs in medicine, industry, and biosensors.
New massive dataset of bacterial proteins
Scientists from Switzerland and the Netherlands have identified over 2,300 bacterial proteins in 22 different growth conditions, representing half of the bacterial genes. The dataset provides insight into protein function, expression levels, and post-translational adaptations.
Dartmouth researchers shed light on protein-related diseases
Researchers found that certain proteins undergo a transition from liquid droplets to toxic, fibrous solids on their way to becoming harmful. Cells may use this liquid state for normal physiology, but under certain conditions the proteins can transition again.
Salk scientists discover protein factories hidden in human jumping genes
Researchers have identified ORF0 sequences in human and chimp DNA that may produce hundreds of previously unknown proteins. The discovery suggests a new mechanism for generating novel proteins, which could be beneficial or disease-causing, depending on the evolutionary context.
Floppy but fast
Flexible, spaghetti-like proteins can bind to their receptor within billionths of a second, retaining high specificity. This discovery explains the transport paradox in cellular communication, enabling efficient proof-reading while maintaining speed.
Researchers probe the physical forces involved in creating the mitotic spindle
Scientists at Rockefeller University uncover new insights into mechanical forces governing mitotic spindle formation. They describe how kinesin-5 acts as a molecular motor to organize the spindle, generating forces that tune its balance. This research has medical implications for cancer therapies and understanding cell division.
UT Southwestern physiologists uncover a new code at the heart of biology
Researchers found a previously unknown code within the genetic code that affects protein assembly speed, leading to different functions of identical proteins. This discovery has significant implications for understanding human disease-causing mutations.
Scientists identify key morphine regulator that may reduce risk of pain-killer abuse
A new study by the Scripps Research Institute has identified a specific molecule called RGS7 that controls morphine receptor signaling in brain cells. Without this protein, animals were more prone to morphine addiction. The findings suggest that RGS7 could be a potential drug target for developing less-addictive pain medications.
Prion disease detected soon after infection and in surprising place in mouse brains
Researchers at NIAID can detect infectious prion protein in mouse brains within a week of inoculation, surpassing prior detection times of six weeks. The study found that the protein was generated outside blood vessels in a specific brain region where drug treatment could be targeted.
Proteins assemble and disassemble on command
Researchers at Duke University have deciphered the genetic code that instructs proteins to assemble or disassemble in response to environmental stimuli. This discovery provides a new platform for designer proteins and investigations into nanotechnology, biotechnology, and medical treatments.
Combination of genes explains Inuit's adaptation to high-fat diet
A study of Inuit DNA reveals how their unique genetic makeup helps them thrive on a high-fat diet, with genes associated with fat metabolism, height and weight, and cholesterol playing key roles. The research suggests that the Inuit population has undergone significant adaptation to its extreme climate environment.
Penn study demonstrates genes' major role in skin and organ development
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania reveals that disruptions in splicing proteins cause facial and skin barrier defects in mice. The research highlights the importance of these genes in normal development, particularly in the formation of epithelial tissues.
Dually noted: New CRISPR-Cas9 strategy edits genes 2 ways
Researchers at Harvard and MIT have developed a new approach that allows for both genome editing and gene regulation to be achieved using the same Cas9 protein, opening up possibilities for understanding diseases and designing synthetic gene circuits. The method uses engineered guide RNAs to control gene expression.
Gene therapy fully restores vision in mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis
Scientists have successfully used gene therapy to fully restore vision in a mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis-1, a genetic disorder causing severe visual impairment. The treatment, which replaced the deficient retGC1 protein, showed long-lasting results and supports clinical testing for human patients.
Research identifies a protein that helps determine the fate of RNA
Researchers at Rockefeller University identified a protein that recognizes a chemical instruction tag on RNA molecules. This 'reader' molecule determines the fate of RNA by recognizing m6A tags, influencing gene expression and splicing processes.
Carnegie Mellon-led team identifies structure of tumor-suppressing protein
A team led by Carnegie Mellon University physicists has discovered the structure of PTEN, a key tumor-suppressing protein. The findings reveal how PTEN regulates cell growth and suppresses tumor formation through dimerization, providing new insights into cancer development and potential therapeutics.
Team finds a better way to engineer therapeutic proteins into antibodies
A team of scientists at Scripps Research Institute has devised an improved method to engineer therapeutic proteins into antibodies, which can persist long enough to be useful. The technique mimics evolution and harnesses the power of large numbers to select rare junction segments that allow inserted proteins to fold and function normally.