Articles tagged with Protein Coding Genes
A team led by Carnegie Mellon University physicists has discovered the structure of PTEN, a key tumor-suppressing protein. The findings reveal how PTEN regulates cell growth and suppresses tumor formation through dimerization, providing new insights into cancer development and potential therapeutics.
A team of scientists at Scripps Research Institute has devised an improved method to engineer therapeutic proteins into antibodies, which can persist long enough to be useful. The technique mimics evolution and harnesses the power of large numbers to select rare junction segments that allow inserted proteins to fold and function normally.
Researchers have identified an interaction between proteins that helps organize chromosomes to protect vital genetic information during mitosis. This discovery provides a molecular basis for understanding chromosome segregation and its role in diseases characterized by chromosome instability.
Researchers found that type 1 diabetes patients have significantly lower levels of four proteins (IL8, IL-1Ra, MCP-1, and MIP-1β) that help protect against immune attack. These findings suggest a potential protein cocktail that could aid in disease diagnosis and management, as well as new therapeutic strategies.
Researchers successfully deliver an RNA encoding alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) into cells, enabling them to produce highly functional AAT. This approach offers a safe and cost-effective solution for treating single gene disorders like AAT deficiency.
Scientists found that additional genes can compensate for knocked-out genes and mitigate consequences. In a study on zebrafish, researchers identified emilin 3B as a rescuing gene for the egfl7 gene, which regulates blood vessel growth.
Researchers at EMBL Grenoble have found a way to identify and silence 'jumping genes' that can alter the genetic code, using tiny RNA molecules called piRNA. These piRNAs guide proteins to destroy the genes, preventing uncontrolled changes in DNA.
Researchers have created an artificial enzyme that can stimulate genes to work harder in specific tissues, offering hope for treating genetic diseases. The hybrid enzymes, which are fully synthetic and recognize target genes via RNA decoys, amplify gene expression in a limited way and only when the gene is active.
The study identifies extensive genetic changes responsible for woolly mammoths' adaptations to arctic life, including genes linked to fat metabolism, insulin signaling, and temperature sensation. Researchers resurrected a mammoth gene involved in temperature sensation and characterized its protein product in the laboratory.
A new study by TSRI researchers provides a higher-resolution view of the Ebola virus life cycle, revealing key vulnerabilities that can be targeted with antiviral therapeutics. The findings also shed light on how the virus assembles its genetic material, which is critical for understanding its structure-based design.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified two proteins responsible for initiating the labor process, which control genes for pulmonary surfactant components that promote labor. Surfactant is essential for normal breathing outside the womb. Understanding these molecular mechanisms may help prevent preterm birth.
University of Delaware researchers have identified two genes linked to cataract formation. Deficiency in these genes leads to lens clouding and cataract development without aging or radiation exposure required. The study could contribute to interventions that delay or prevent cataract formation.
A team of researchers found that the contractile function of fruit flies' hearts is improved when overexpressing vinculin, a protein that accumulates at higher levels in aging rats and humans. This improvement leads to longer lifespans in genetically modified flies.
Researchers found that PASD1, a protein associated with cancer cells, suppresses the circadian clock. The discovery offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the biological clock and its potential role in driving cancer growth. Understanding how PASD1 regulates the clock could lead to developing new therapies.
Researchers used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering to study the effects of high pressure and urea on protein unfolding. They found that while both methods cause proteins to unfold, they do so through different mechanisms, leading to distinct intermediate proteins.
Researchers have discovered two protein 'architects', MOZ and BMI1, which play opposing roles in guiding embryonic development. These proteins regulate Hox gene expression, ensuring the correct formation of body segments and tissues. The study sheds new light on how environmental factors can impact early embryo development.
Researchers found that changes to histone proteins can be sustained from one generation to the next and influence trait inheritance. This discovery paves the way for studying epigenetic mechanisms and their link to health conditions and specific traits.
Researchers at York University found that Tup1 protein is regulated by Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) to prevent over-expression of active genes. This discovery may help understand the uncontrolled gene expression found in many cancers.
A study by UNC School of Medicine researchers identified genetic pathways that play a major role in determining the severity of cystic fibrosis. The findings may lead to new personalized treatments to lessen pulmonary symptoms and increase life expectancy for people with CF.
Researchers at UT Dallas have created a novel gene-delivery system that shuts down after delivering a gene, offering a potential new strategy for treating diseases. The approach sidesteps health problems associated with permanent gene alteration.
The discovery of pALTINK4a/b in naked mole rats could explain their resistance to cancer. The protein is better at stopping cells from dividing than the human version of the INK4 gene locus, which only encodes three proteins.
Scientists at Northwestern University have found a way to harvest industrially useful protein from yeast in greater quantities without increasing its production. By genetically knocking out proteins responsible for reabsorption, the team increased protein yields by two- to three-fold.
Researchers at Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine have identified a determinant of the circadian clock's period, suggesting that protein structure plays a crucial role in determining clock speed. This finding may lead to new treatments for sleep disorders and other health problems tied to circadian rhythms.
A new study reveals that a genetic mutation in the MYBPC3 gene causes cardiac dysfunction and is responsible for up to 8% of deaths among South Asians. The mutation affects the protein that controls heart muscle contractions, leading to toxic effects on the cell.
Researchers found that exposure to cold temperatures increases levels of the protein Zfp516, which activates UCP1 in brown fat. Mice with boosted Zfp516 protein gained 30% less weight on a high-fat diet, suggesting a potential target for obesity and diabetes treatment.
Researchers at the University of Toronto discovered that microexons, small segments of genes, influence protein interactions in the nervous system. The study found that misregulation of this process can have major effects on how proteins function, particularly in individuals with autism.
A recent study of over 4,000 genes found that most RNA expression differences do not affect protein abundance, suggesting a previously unknown buffering mechanism regulates gene expression. This discovery highlights the importance of further analysis in studies relying on RNA measurements to characterize gene function.
Researchers uncover that C9orf72 gene mutation generates toxic PR protein causing brain damage in ALS, leading to motor neuron death. This discovery may lead to new treatments by preventing or breaking down PR aggregates.
Scientists at Max Planck Institute find millions of gene forms, 85% genes without predominant form, and 4,000 disease genes. The dual nature of human genomes reveals individual diversity in interactions between genes.
A new study reveals how the immune system recognizes enemies on a molecular level and how this process can go wrong, leading to autoimmune diseases. The research also offers insights into training the immune system for vaccine development.
Scientists have created a massive map of direct protein interactions, revealing dozens of new cancer genes involved in lymphoid tumours. The study's findings shed light on how proteins 'stick together' to form the network, enabling researchers to pinpoint potential targets for treatment.
A recent study suggests that genes and regulatory elements share a common architecture in their reading processes, with the main differences occurring after the initial step. This unified model could provide insight into how genes evolve and shed light on the evolutionary origins of new genes.
A single mutation in the beta-catenin gene can lead to abnormalities in sexual organ morphology, making natural reproduction impossible. The study found that this mutation affects specific tissues, causing malformations that prevent successful reproduction.
Researchers at Harvard University have developed a method to efficiently deliver genome-editing proteins into cells, bypassing the need for DNA delivery. The new system uses commercially-available cationic lipids to introduce proteins into cells, offering hope for treating genetic diseases, including deafness.
Researchers discovered over 70 additional likely ASD genes, with small differences in as many as 1,000 genes contributing to autism risk. The study found three pathways required for healthy development linked to greater autism risk, including chromatin remodeling.
Research at ASHG 2014 Annual Meeting uses genetic analysis to break down complex conditions like Type 2 Diabetes and obesity into their underlying metabolic proteins. This approach enables the development of new drugs that directly target these processes, with potential treatments on the horizon.
Researchers at UC Berkeley developed a novel protein-based material inspired by nerve cells, showing extreme sensitivity to environment. This discovery could lead to innovative biological sensors, flow valves, and controlled drug release systems.
A new study from Johns Hopkins Medicine suggests that nearly half of African-Americans may not receive effective doses of the HIV drug maraviroc due to their genetic makeup. Researchers developed a simple genetic test to determine individual dosage needs, which could help improve treatment outcomes.
A large-scale study by Uppsala University researchers reveals that genetics and lifestyle factors play a crucial role in protein levels, enabling the use of more effective biomarkers. The study analyzed 92 protein biomarkers in 1,000 healthy individuals, finding that hereditary factors contribute to over 75% of proteins.
Researchers design a network-like cell system that reproduces dynamic behavior of protein synthesis, allowing for control over genetic content and protein production. The system enables the study of gene network design and emerging protein dynamics, potentially paving the way for controlling protein synthesis for various applications.
Researchers will use innovative approaches to study how genetic sequence changes affect cells in the body, leading to diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. The goal is to develop new therapies and improve treatment for these conditions.
Researchers at Rice University and the University of Kansas Medical Center have developed modular genetic circuits that can handle multiple chemical inputs simultaneously. These new tools allow scientists to design synthetic cells for specific tasks, such as biofuel production, environmental remediation, and disease treatment.
Scientists have discovered that ancient protein-building enzymes have acquired new functions in humans, including producing variants with diverse biological activities. These variants are produced only in specific cell types and appear during certain stages of development, highlighting a previously unrecognized layer of biology.
A CNIO team updates the number of human protein-coding genes to 19,000, with almost all having ancestors prior to primate evolution. The study suggests that differences between humans and primates are small, and complexity lies in gene regulation and non-coding regions.
Researchers have identified proteins in squid sucker ring teeth that can form strong, malleable materials for various applications. These materials may be used as artificial ligaments, scaffolds to grow bone, and sustainable packaging alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-based products.
Researchers use mathematical tool to analyze gene networks and determine transition pathways between steady states, providing insight into how stem cells differentiate. The study builds on previous theories, incorporating the role of protein binding to DNA in gene expression.
Researchers from RIKEN and the University of Tokyo identified a surprising mechanism for accurate protein synthesis through crystallographic studies. The enzyme alanyl-tRNA synthetase precisely identifies proper tRNA molecules using a geometric feature, allowing cells to accurately translate genetic code into essential proteins.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered that the protein Foxp1 plays a critical role in antibody responses, enabling rapid and effective immune system activation. Manipulating Foxp1 activity could provide a useful tool for boosting antibody responses to treat infectious diseases or suppressing them to treat autoimmune disorders.
Amunix is presenting unpublished data on its XTEN half-life extension technology, which extends the half-life of biologically active molecules via chemical conjugation. The technology has been used to extend the half-life of genetically fused therapeutic proteins and peptides.
A recent study published in Nature Communications discovered a correlation between the number of biological functions a gene has and its response to environmental changes. The research found that genes with more biological functions exhibit less protein expression change in response to temperature, challenging the long-held assumption ...
Researchers discovered how a plant-virus protein suppresses a key plant defense mechanism that remembers viral genetic information. The enzyme cluster formation caused by TGBp1 disrupts the recording of viral genetic information, reducing plant resistance to infection.
Researchers from TUM have created an almost complete inventory of the human proteome by cataloging over 18,000 proteins. The study reveals unique protein profiles for every organ, which are essential for its function, and identifies hundreds of new protein fragments with novel biological properties.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have cataloged over 17,000 human proteins from 30 different tissues, identifying 193 novel proteins not previously known to exist. This comprehensive dataset provides a solid foundation for speeding up biological research and diagnostic development.
Researchers found a genetic variant in noncoding DNA that leads to protein overproduction in heart cells, increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death by 40%. The discovery could lead to new drug treatments and improve understanding of cardiac repolarization.
Researchers discovered a novel gene, ZIF2, that produces a protein capable of sequestering zinc inside plant cells, protecting against toxicity. The discovery opens new avenues for increasing plant tolerance to zinc and has potential applications in crop biofortification and soil remediation.
Researchers at Kansas State University have identified a new gene expression mechanism in the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. The discovery provides a potential avenue for developing new antiviral strategies.
Researchers have identified DAZAP1 as a 'master regulator' of gene expression in cancer cells, inhibiting the progression of several types of cancer cells. The discovery sheds new light on the protein's potential as a drug target for cancer treatment.
Johns Hopkins researchers pinpoint the protein essential to the formation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which coordinates sleep-wake cycles and other circadian rhythms. Disabling this protein in test animals led to disrupted SCN function, resulting in irregular sleep patterns and poor communication with the body's master clock.
Researchers discovered how Fragile X mental retardation protein affects brain cell protein production, leading to the development of potential therapies for the genetic disorder. The study identified a critical binding site on the ribosome that could be targeted by drugs.
Fragile X syndrome is caused by the absence of FMRP protein, which regulates cell machinery responsible for producing functional proteins. The study found that FMRP binds directly to ribosomes in cells, regulating protein expression and providing insights into potential novel therapies.