Articles tagged with Protein Coding Genes
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The study found that trisomy 21 affects proteins on all chromosomes, leading to an overdose of proteins and dysregulated cellular functions. This deregulation disrupts the cell's ability to regulate protein production, resulting in symptoms such as intellectual impairment and congenital heart disease.
Research reveals a connection between genetic innate immunity deficiencies and high-risk children for dental caries. Children with defective salivary proteins are more susceptible to caries, even without bad eating habits or oral hygiene routines.
Researchers have successfully bred soybeans with both high yields and high protein levels, addressing a long-standing challenge in plant breeding. The genetic findings suggest that a specific gene on chromosome 15 can increase protein concentration without significantly decreasing yields.
Researchers have identified key epigenetic marks and proteins that control the production of antibodies in the immune system. By understanding these systems, scientists hope to develop new diagnostic tests and therapies to boost the body's response to infection.
Researchers provide direct evidence for the GC-NSF(a) hypothesis, suggesting a mechanism for creating entirely new genes and proteins. The study found that an EntNew protein can be generated from a non-stop frame on the antisense strand of a GC-rich gene.
Researchers at UNC and Auckland University propose a new 'peptide-RNA' theory, suggesting genetic instructions (nucleic acids) and small proteins (peptides) interacted to form life. The theory contradicts the widely-held 'RNA-world' hypothesis, which states nucleic acids gave rise to life.
Professor Chunghun Lim has received the 2017 SUHF Young Investigator award for his groundbreaking work in the field of life sciences. The Suh Kyungbae Science Foundation supports young scientists through a maximum grant of 2.5 billion KRW over five years to nurture and promote creative research.
Scientists have created a first simple and standardized research tool to study protein aggregation in live cells. The tool, called yTRAP, allows researchers to quantify, manipulate, and track protein aggregates in yeast cells.
A team of researchers has discovered a new function of the gene-regulatory protein CBP, which affects the recruitment and release of RNA polymerase from genes. This finding enhances our understanding of gene regulation and provides insights into why CBP is often affected in certain forms of cancer.
A team of scientists at the University of Arizona has discovered that a newly evolved yeast protein can fold into a compact three-dimensional structure, contrary to the long-held assumption that such proteins are incomplete and 'works-in-progress',
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have uncovered key details of how Myc proteins work inside tumor cells, revealing their crucial role in cancer development. The study found that an enzyme called polymerase-associated factor 1 (PAF1) plays a significant role in amplifying Myc protein activity.
Researchers at MIT developed a new way to screen for genes that protect against specific diseases by adapting the CRISPR genome-editing system. The new technology identified genes that protect yeast cells from a protein associated with Parkinson's disease, which may also provide protective effects in human neurons.
A global assessment reveals that genetically engineered crops producing insect-killing proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis have led to a fivefold increase in pest resistance cases over the past decade. However, some pests remain suppressed due to factors such as recessive inheritance of resistance and abundant refuges.
A new study identifies the fragile X protein's role in regulating DNA packaging, offering clues for treatment. The protein oversees a set of genes that alter how DNA is packaged, and its absence leads to fragile X syndrome.
Researchers from the University of Edinburgh and Harvard University made a breakthrough in understanding how cells store and manage DNA during cell division. Their study revealed the importance of careful timing in organizing genetic material, which may help shed light on Cornelia de Lange syndrome.
Researchers identify REC3 domain as a master controller of DNA cutting and engineer mutations to improve accuracy without impacting efficiency. The hyper-accurate gene editor, dubbed HypaCas9, retains on-target efficiency while discriminating between on- and off-target sites in human cells.
Scientists have identified a class of mammalian lncRNAs that evolved from ancestral genes, gaining regulatory powers and serving as master switches in various biological processes. These 'recycled' genes may hold the key to understanding human diseases and developing new treatments.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital identified a new genetic cause of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), a photosensitive blood disorder. A dominant mutation in the CLPX gene was found to lead to excess porphyrin production, contributing to EPP.
A study explores the relationship between Chédiak-Higashi syndrome and periodontitis, revealing that LYST mutations affect TLRs and lead to a dysregulated immune response. Classic CHS patients with bone marrow transplantation exhibited mild chronic periodontitis, while atypical CHS patients showed no evidence of aggressive periodontitis.
A research team has developed a method using modified CRISPR to find gene activators associated with autoimmune disorders. By targeting specific regions of the genome, they identified fundamental circuitry of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn's disease, providing new insights into their mechanisms.
A recent study on the protein CLAMP in fruit flies identifies two essential roles: coordinating gene expression on X and Y chromosomes. This research offers a promising model for understanding how proteins function differently in specific contexts, crucial for developing targeted therapies with minimal side effects.
Fragile X syndrome is caused by a mutation in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 gene, leading to permanent changes in neural circuit structure and symptoms characteristic of ASD. Research confirms FMRP's essential role in refining brain processing during early development, highlighting the need for early detection and treatment methods.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University identified a protein called MELK essential for correct HIV-1 coat removal. Depleting MELK reduced virus infectivity, while restoring it restored normal infection processes.
Researchers have identified a genetic variation that increases the risk of severe flu symptoms in patients. The variant, known as rs34481144, is linked to reduced killer T cell function and lower levels of the protective IFITM3 protein, suggesting a potential genetic marker for flu risk.
A study of 85,000 subjects identified three new gene variants that contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease by affecting the brain's immune cells. Researchers believe these findings offer fresh ideas for targeting the immune system to fight the disorder.
Researchers have identified an anti-CRISPR protein that can block the Cas9 component of CRISPR-Cas9 from interacting with DNA, reducing off-target cuts. This protein, AcrIIA4, was found to inhibit CRISPR-Cas9's ability to cut target DNA while still allowing on-target editing.
Researchers found that Ptbp2 regulates RNA processing during sperm development, controlling over 200 genes involved in movement and communication. Without the protein, sperm development went awry, leading to defects in cellular processes.
Scientists have developed a powerful new technique called LASSO cloning that can clone thousands of long DNA sequences at once, speeding up the creation of proteins and discovery of new medicines. This innovation enables researchers to analyze what genes' proteins do, leading to potential breakthroughs in scores of diseases.
Researchers found that high suPAR protein levels combine with common genetic mutation to trigger disease onset and define rate of progression. The study used large cohorts of black patients with genetic risk factors for chronic kidney disease and found that plasma suPAR levels predict renal function decline.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified an unexpected layer of gene regulation in ribosomes, challenging scientists' understanding of how cells control their genes. The discovery reveals that ribosomal proteins tune the translation process to specialize in specific cellular pathways.
Researchers identified that the CMG2 protein binds and controls collagen VI levels, leading to its accumulation in tissues causing painful deformities. The study provides new insights into the physiological function of CMG2 and demonstrates its interaction with collagen VI.
A KAUST-led team reveals a short regulatory gene that adapts to dynamic environments by tagging genes for repression. This discovery offers a new paradigm for gene regulation, linking the genome with the environment and providing insights into cellular plasticity.
Researchers have discovered two genetic variants associated with bicuspid aortic valve development, which affects the heart's ability to pump oxygen-rich blood. The study, published in Nature Communications, found that these variants affect a key cardiac transcription factor called GATA4, leading to disruptions in valve formation.
A new study by Université de Genève researchers reveals the basic geometry of the gene-to-protein code, highlighting the mechanical basis for DNA's map of functional proteins. The research focuses on the segment of the gene coding the hinges of nano-machines, which are essential for protein function.
A study by NIH researchers reveals that ZFP568 regulates insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) in fetal growth, suggesting its role in balancing fetal and placental growth. The finding has implications for understanding developmental disorders such as Russell Silver syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
Researchers discover a silent change in the CFTR gene that alters protein production and transport in cells. This finding reveals new insights into cystic fibrosis genetic complexity.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have created a high-throughput approach to map protein interactions, identifying over 56,000 unique interactions for nearly 6,000 proteins. The BioPlex network reveals functional roles for previously unknown proteins and links them to human diseases like cancer and hypertension.
A new genomic analysis reveals the bladderwort plant retained and enhanced genes related to its carnivorous nature despite evolutionary pressure. The study identifies genes facilitating prey trapping, digestion, and protein transport, which are highly active in the plant's vacuum traps.
Biologists found that sets of three triplets, rather than individual codons, may be crucial for correct protein synthesis in ribosomes. This discovery could reframe cancer genetics and human genetic diseases research.
A study at Stanford University revealed that suppressing a specific protein in a mouse model of ALS extends the animal's lifespan. Researchers found that mice treated with a drug designed to block the production of this protein lived over 400 days, while untreated mice died within 29 days.
A new study reveals that circular RNAs, previously thought to be non-coding, can encode for proteins. The discovery suggests an unexplored layer of gene activity and may have implications for understanding aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Scientists discovered that tardigrades' unique protein-based mechanism protects them from desiccation by forming glass-like solids, which can also safeguard other biological materials. This breakthrough has potential uses in agriculture and pharmaceuticals, particularly in drought-resistant crops and medication storage.
Researchers have mapped how proteins bind along DNA to control gene activity in the bladder lining, revealing a complex interaction between transcription factors. This understanding could lead to new treatments for chronic bladder diseases such as interstitial cystitis and cancer.
A team of scientists has redefined the activation mechanism of the complement protein C1, a crucial part of the innate immune system. The study reveals that C1 is activated when two proteins are in close proximity, contradicting previous theories.
A new technique allows scientists to precisely regulate protein production from genes, enabling the design and study of biological systems. This breakthrough can be used to produce desired products, such as medicines, or study disease-related genes, including those implicated in cancer.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have discovered a new broad-spectrum antiviral protein called Schlafen11 that can inhibit HIV-1 replication in non-human primate species. The protein's effectiveness is highest in chimpanzees and orangutans, but much lower in humans and gorillas.
A recent study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine reveals that enhancer RNAs play a crucial role in regulating CBP activity and gene expression. The researchers identified eRNAs as the most common type of RNA binding to CBP, suggesting their importance in guiding protein production.
Researchers found that three Amazonian species have lost or disabled genes for detecting short wavelengths of light, allowing them to thrive in the murky environment. The study reveals a unique genetic adaptation that enables these fish to perceive their surroundings differently.
Researchers have identified networks of changing proteins specific to Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the importance of inflammation and microglia. By analyzing post-mortem brain proteins, they uncovered patterns pointing to glial cell involvement in the disease's pathogenesis.
A small molecule could provide a new therapeutic approach to fighting excessive weight gain in cases where diets or exercise have no effect. The research team found that blocking a specific protein promotes gene expression of the protein that burns calories and prevents fat gain.
Researchers have identified a novel microprotein called NoBody, which is involved in sweeping out unneeded genetic material inside cells. This discovery may signal the existence of additional microproteins involved in key biological mechanisms and diseases.
Researchers have found that C2H2-zinc finger proteins control genes in new and surprising ways, interacting with multiple other proteins to regulate gene expression. This discovery could lead to more accurate interpretation of individual genomes and improve our understanding of disease.
The largest database of protein-to-protein interaction networks, InWeb_InBioMap, can illuminate how numerous disease-associated genes contribute to disease development and progression. By analyzing over 586,000 interactions, researchers may identify new candidate genes and improve understanding of processes that occur in human cells.
Researchers found mutations in three genes involved in forming the hair shaft, which causes uncombable hair syndrome, a rare condition affecting around 100 documented cases worldwide. The discovery provides insights into mechanisms of healthy hair formation and secures clinical diagnosis with molecular genetic methods.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine developed a bioinformatics framework that identified key proteins significantly altered in patients with diabetic kidney disease. The 'MetBridge Generator' framework revealed the protein MDM2 played a key role in disease progression, and its potential as a therapeutic target was discovered.
The 'Iron Hammer' protein complex plays a crucial role in splitting the two subunits of the ribosome after protein synthesis is complete. The researchers used advanced techniques to reveal the structure of this complex and its interaction with the small ribosomal subunit.
Scientists at EPFL and Nestéle Institute of Health Sciences identified 5000 proteins affected by the diurnal cycle in mouse liver cells. The study used cutting-edge proteomics to monitor protein accumulation over a 24-hour cycle, revealing key cellular functions such as DNA repair and ribosome biogenesis were also affected.
Researchers create novel nanotool that allows for simultaneous analysis of large numbers of molecules, enabling testing of protein and gene functionality under deformation. The new method uses self-assembled power gauges to apply precise forces on biomolecules.
Scientists have discovered an enzyme called ALKBH1 that can remove molecular modifications from transfer RNA (tRNA), causing a measurable effect on protein translation in the cell. This finding sheds new light on how cells control gene expression and suggests that tRNA influences cellular processes beyond protein translation.
Researchers discovered that around one-tenth of proteins remain stable and live longer than expected as they age. This finding could explain why additional gene copies don't automatically result in more protein production.