Articles tagged with Protein Coding Genes
Researchers identified nearly 1 million potential functional genomic elements in the human genome, which control gene expression and promote health or disease. The UMMS team's registry of these elements can be used to study links between regulatory switches and genetic diseases.
A study from 2011 to 2016 found that transgenic corn can be less damaged by the western corn rootworm through crop rotation. The research suggests using multiple transgenic corn varieties as a strategy for reducing resistance.
A recent study in the Journal of Dairy Science reveals that milk protein composition plays a crucial role in cheese production. The researchers found that non-coagulating milk has higher concentrations of certain proteins, leading to lower cheese yields and economic impacts.
Researchers have discovered a compact Cas protein, CasΦ, in megaphages, which could make gene editing easier and more efficient. This protein targets specific regions of DNA with high accuracy and can cut both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, making it a promising tool for crop improvement and disease treatment.
Researchers found that RNA polymerase II enables ribosomal RNA gene expression, a key step in creating molecular complexes that produce proteins in all cells. The enzyme generates R-loops to shield these genes from disruptors produced by Pol I.
A study of human and mouse genes reveals a link between intron phase and length, shedding light on the functioning of brain cells. Long phase 1 introns found in genes involved in nerve impulse transmission may play a key role in this process.
Researchers have solved the structure of a critical protein region in SMCHD1, which plays a key role in 'switching off' genes. The new map reveals how inherited changes in this region cause certain diseases, including muscular dystrophy and developmental disorders.
Scientists found that building blocks of DNA and RNA can spontaneously form and co-exist in early Earth conditions, challenging the 'RNA world' theory. The research discovered four building blocks for DNA and RNA that can arise from the same reagents and conditions.
Researchers at Cornell University used single-molecule tracking and protein quantitation to study the mechanism of bacteria's resistance to toxic metals, revealing a complex series of steps that lead to detoxification. The discovery could lead to the development of more effective antibacterial treatments.
Researchers at CeMM have identified a new key element, TASL, responsible for sorting out pathogen challenges and modulating inflammatory responses. The discovery highlights potential new targets for treating autoimmune diseases and overreaction to infections.
Researchers identified two distinct protein shapes associated with Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. The discovery may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of these age-related conditions.
Researchers at CNIC have created a novel mouse model that enables the direct analysis of protein mechanical function. The model, based on titin and HaloTag-TEV genetic cassette, allows for controlled disruption of protein mechanics to study cellular responses.
A recent NIH study has identified a genetic mutation that improves cognitive flexibility in mice by modifying a protein regulating potassium channels. The mutation was found to enhance the ability of mice to adapt to changing situations, such as finding a relocated platform.
Researchers at NCBS found that mistakes in protein synthesis increase the production of a quality control molecule, triggering an early DNA repair response and enhancing mutational resistance. This general advantage of mistranslation persists due to its occasional benefits under stress.
A new study led by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine reveals that the pioneering protein FoxA2 simultaneously binds to chromosomal proteins and DNA, opening gates for gene activation. This discovery helps untangle mysteries of embryonic stem cell development into organs, moving regenerative medicine forward.
Scientists have identified several genes that may be involved in the development of diabetic kidney disease. By analysing Finnish samples with diabetes, researchers found connections between specific proteins and the condition. The study's findings suggest new potential targets for treating diabetic kidney disease.
Researchers found that a protein called FRX1 functions in an amyloid form in healthy brains, contradicting the idea that only diseased brains store amyloids. This discovery has significant implications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
A team of researchers has identified a membrane-associated protein crucial for human T-cell development and immune function. The study, published in Nature Communications, sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying rare genetic diseases that cause severe immune deficiencies.
A study by Michigan Medicine team discovered that repeat expansions cause neurodegenerative diseases but also found normal functions of these repeats in regulating protein production in healthy nerve cells. The research suggests a potential pathway for treating Fragile X syndrome and other disorders.
A comprehensive molecular study has defined key genes and proteins contributing to endometrial cancer. The research suggests tailored treatments for each patient and potential biological targets for future drug design.
Researchers discovered that lower circHomer1a levels in the brain's frontal cortex are correlated with schizophrenia symptoms and impaired cognitive flexibility in mice. The study suggests that circular RNAs play a crucial regulatory role in gene expression, potentially serving as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment targets.
New research found that the accumulation of tau and amyloid proteins in the brain significantly alters gene expression, particularly in genes related to inflammation. The study provides new insights into the progression of Alzheimer's disease and highlights potential pathways for treatment.
A recent study published in Nature Communications discovered that a specific Long noncoding RNA called LincIRS2 is essential for maintaining healthy metabolism. Mice lacking this gene developed metabolic complications, while those with activated LincIRS2 maintained normal blood sugar levels even in obesity.
A research team has identified a mechanism that triggers a rare type of muscular dystrophy, Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 1G. The study reveals that a specific protein isoform with two domains is prone to forming toxic aggregates, while another isoform with three domains can prevent aggregation through phase separation.
Researchers developed immunocompromised mice by disabling genes involved in autophagy, which allows them to fight off Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. The study suggests a permanently active immune system can be beneficial against certain pathogens, but also poses risks of chronic inflammation.
Researchers found BPA exposure triggers an immune response that passes down through generations, leading to increased risk of allergic asthma. The study suggests that even after removal from the environment, descendants may still inherit changes in DNA expression that cause aberrant immune system activation.
Researchers have developed DNA-binding editorial assistants to open up genes obscured by chromatin packaging, enabling CRISPR editing. This breakthrough enhances CRISPR efficiency and moves towards genetic-based assaults on diseases.
A recent study by University of Oxford researchers has found a strong link between maternal malnutrition and the severity of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), a devastating condition caused by Zika virus infection. The study suggests that poor diets, particularly those lacking in protein, can exacerbate the effects of CZS, highlighting t...
University of Groningen scientists have successfully reconstructed the ancestral genetic sequences for three FMO genes, revealing the structure of these enzymes and their role in metabolizing toxic substances. The results provide insight into how FMOs work, which could lead to the design of drugs activated by these enzymes.
Researchers found that a problem in gene-regulatory process can cause normal cells to turn malignant and produce Wilms' tumor. The implicated reader protein causes problems by acquiring a new property and being too active, leading to abnormal gene expression and tumor formation.
A study found that different mutations in a single gene can cause various problems in brain cells. Researchers discovered that even healthy proteins may interfere with mutant proteins' actions, leading to irregular neuronal firing. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding each mutation for personalized medicine.
A study published in Nature Medicine reveals a potential 'liquid health check' that uses proteins in blood to predict disease risk and improve preventative medicine. The technique, involving large-scale measurement of proteins, has shown promise for identifying health states and conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
A study at IRB Barcelona reveals how alterations in the protein degradation system play a key role in tumour development. The team identified hundreds of potential protein recognition sequences that are used by tumours to evade the degradation of onogenic proteins.
Ice baths are ineffective for long-term adaptation to training, decreasing protein generation in muscles. Researchers suggest alternative strategies for athletes seeking muscle repair or growth.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have identified a new target for treating incurable leukemia in children by analyzing the molecular causes of the disease. They found that an abnormal protein activates genes at the wrong time, triggering the formation of malignant white blood cells and causing leukemia.
A recent animal study found a link between a MAP2 mutation and hereditary hair diseases, such as alopecia and thinning hair. The researchers identified a missense mutation in the MAP2 gene that led to decreased hair follicle density and abnormal hair formation.
The malaria parasite expresses genes for proteins needed in later stages using two separate schemes of translational repression, which could be exploited to fight the disease. Researchers identified two programs that operate simultaneously and independently, allowing the parasite to quickly respond to changes in its environment.
Scientists demonstrate flaws in protein detection tools and outline a solution to improve antibody validation. The study highlights the need for accurate standard processes to test antibody quality.
The study found that HIV-1 Tat protein expression leads to perturbations in the human cellular proteome, affecting gene expression and cellular processes. This has significant implications for understanding HIV-1 latency reversal and potential therapeutic strategies.
A researcher at OU Medicine is studying ways to predict who will get diabetes, so that physicians can intervene earlier. She aims to understand how a person's genetic makeup interacts with lifestyle factors like poor diet and lack of exercise to lead to diabetes.
Researchers have engineered protein crystals that can generate magnetic forces many times stronger than previously reported. By introducing these crystals into living cells, scientists can move the cells around with a magnet, offering potential applications in fields such as biotechnology and biomedical engineering.
Researchers from China have updated the soybean genome to a golden reference, improving its assembly quality and completeness. The new genome has increased accuracy in gene annotation and expression profiling, facilitating fundamental research and molecular breeding.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have pinpointed the RPS25 gene as a key player in the formation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) protein aggregates. Inhibiting this gene's function reduced toxic protein levels by 50 percent, suggesting a potential target for treating ALS and extending lifespan.
Researchers develop LOCKR, a dynamic designer protein that can modify gene expression, redirect cellular traffic, and control protein binding interactions. This breakthrough technology has the potential to revolutionize synthetic biology and enable new therapies for diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.
A recent study found that genetic mutations affecting RNA regulation play a crucial role in autism spectrum disorder and stroke. Analyzing noncoding DNA, researchers discovered new insights into the mechanisms underlying these complex conditions.
Researchers have identified a gene variant associated with longevity and found it can prevent atherosclerosis by rejuvenating blood vessels. Studies on animal models and human patients showed improved endothelial function and reduced inflammation.
A study of over 600 infant genomes found that variations in the SLIT2 gene may contribute to premature births by activating the mother's immune system. The researchers also discovered a link between the SLIT2-ROBO1 signalling pathway and multiple pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia and ectopic pregnancy.
Researchers at the Hubrecht Institute developed a new microscopy method to visualize gene translation in living cells, revealing out-of-frame translation occurs surprisingly frequently. This discovery suggests thousands of previously unknown proteins may be encoded in our DNA with unknown functions.
The SYNGO Consortium has released a public data resource that provides a standardized framework for describing synaptic functions. The knowledge base includes nearly 3,000 descriptions of more than 1,100 unique synaptic genes, compiled from published experimental information.
Researchers identified TIMELESS as a potential circadian clock regulator involved in minor sleep phase changes. A mutation in the TIMELESS gene causes accumulation of the protein, leading to phase advances in mice and advanced sleep phase in humans.
Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered that genetic deletion of TET2 and TET3 in mouse B cells impairs the generation of functional IgG antibodies, highlighting the critical role of epigenetic control in healthy immune cell function.
Scientists have discovered a previously unknown mechanism by which cells sense proteasome dysfunction and respond by editing the amino acid sequence of a key sensing protein. This finding has important applications for treating cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers found that inducing jet lag in fruit fly models of Huntington disease protected the flies' neurons. The team identified a circadian clock-controlled gene that also protected the brain when knocked down. This study suggests that targeting this gene could potentially slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers discovered that a cellular protein acts as a 'gas pump attendant' controlling cancer cell growth, ensuring only necessary proteins are produced. This understanding may lead to new ways to inhibit cancer development.
Heidelberg University researchers have comprehensively analyzed the composition of COPI and COPII transport vesicles, revealing specialized subtypes that transport specific types of proteins. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding of diseases caused by mutations in vesicular transport mechanisms.
Researchers developed BridgIT, a tool that annotates proteins for 93% of enzymatic reactions, filling gaps in metabolic networks. The tool correctly predicts enzymes for 211 out of 234 non-orphan reactions and 334 out of 379 hypothetical reactions.
Researchers at EPFL's LBNC have developed a quantitative, replicable method for studying gene expression using a cell-free system in combination with high-throughput microfluidic devices. This approach allows them to build synthetic biological logic gates that can be used to modify cellular functions and introduce new therapeutic purpo...
A new study reveals that random DNA sections can evolve into novel proteins, contributing to biodiversity and challenging classic assumptions about protein evolution. At least 175 de novo genes were detected, with 57% translating into new peptides.
Researchers developed a novel gene therapy approach that utilizes engineered transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to suppress nonsense mutations. This technology has the potential to correct 10-15% of inherited genetic diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis.
A recent study published in the Journal of Lipid Research found that the protein makeup of HDL particles plays a crucial role in their ability to predict heart health. The research, led by Nathalie Pamir, identified genetic variants linked to cholesterol efflux capacity and proteins associated with HDL's activity.