Articles tagged with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
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Researchers at UCLA find that HIV infection accelerates age-related epigenetic changes, leading to accelerated onset of diseases like cancer and osteoporosis. The study suggests that HIV itself may accelerate these aging-related changes by more than 14 years.
A new model for HIV progression finds that it spreads in a similar way to some computer worms, predicting early treatment is key to preventing AIDS. The model shows that cell-to-cell transfer is an important part of HIV spread and that completely blocking this mechanism could prevent progression to AIDS.
Researchers estimate that newly infected individuals with HIV are less likely to spread the virus to others during the acute phase of infection, which may improve strategies to control HIV's spread. This finding bolsters the approach of treating patients with antiretroviral drugs before the onset of AIDS to prevent transmission.
Scientists confirm that HIV-1 groups O and P originated in western lowland gorillas, according to a comprehensive survey of SIV infection in African gorillas. The study's findings have implications for understanding the genesis of emerging diseases and may provide insights into future human infection risks.
Researchers at KU Leuven's Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology have identified a recombinant form of HIV that targets the anchor point CXCR4 early after infection, shortening the healthy phase and triggering rapid progression to AIDS. The study found abnormally high doses of the virus and defensive molecule RANTES in i...
The global AIDS community must adopt more specific and focused approaches to meet the 90-90-90 targets, which aim to eliminate AIDS by 2020. This involves identifying at-risk subpopulations, tailoring prevention tools to each population's risk profile, and developing innovative solutions.
Research reveals that HIV/AIDS patients in the southern US have significantly lower survival rates compared to other regions. The study found that 15% of people diagnosed with HIV and 27% of those diagnosed with AIDS died within five years of diagnosis.
The Women of Color HIV Initiative found that urban women faced more barriers to care, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes were associated with activity limitation among study participants.
The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation will receive funding to improve early infant diagnosis of HIV, enabling a ten-fold increase in HIV treatment and universal access. The project aims to reach rural communities with limited access to testing and treatment services.
A recent survey of symptomatic HIV-positive people in rural Mozambique found that those who initially consulted traditional healers had a 2.4 times longer delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis of HIV. The study highlights the need to engage traditional healers in HIV care and provide incentives for referrals.
The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation is partnering with the Population Council on a five-year USAID-funded project to conduct operational HIV research. The Supporting Operational AIDS Research (SOAR) project will produce high-quality evidence to guide HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs worldwide.
A new licensing agreement between Medicines Patent Pool and Gilead Sciences could improve treatment options for children living with HIV. The deal will allow generic versions of the medication tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) to be developed in India and China for countries with over 92% of people living with HIV.
A large international study has found that overall death rates among HIV-positive adults have almost halved since 1999, while deaths due to AIDS-related causes and cardiovascular disease have declined significantly. Non-AIDS cancers remain a leading cause of non-AIDS deaths in people with HIV.
A study found that African American women with HIV struggle to manage age-related diseases, social responsibilities, and work-related changes. Researchers suggest increased prevalence of HIV among women of color is a growing concern by 2015.
A study by Maricopa Integrated Health System found that nearly one-quarter of ER patients with confirmed HIV diagnosis have acute infections and over one-quarter have advanced to AIDS. The results emphasize the importance of early detection and interventions to extend life and minimize transmission risk.
Researchers have developed a new monkey model for AIDS using pigtailed macaques, which can cause full-blown AIDS in primates. The model allows for the study of HIV-1's interaction with host antiviral defenses and has the potential to improve prevention and treatment research.
The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation is launching a three-year training program for nurse midwife technicians in rural Malawi to address the critical shortage of health care workers. The program aims to provide quality HIV and health services to rural communities, with support from the US CDC through PEPFAR.
A new diagnostic tool has been developed to identify children with emotional behavior disorders, including those orphaned by HIV/AIDS. The study found that poverty may wash out any effects of AIDS on the children's mental health, and that community-based organizations need training to respond to their needs.
IRC Researchers discover a new function of AID, an enzyme crucial for the immune response. This finding helps explain hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 (HIGM2), a rare genetic disorder that causes an immunodeficiency syndrome.
Hoosen Coovadia, a South African pediatrician and research scientist, has been recognized for his unwavering commitment to sound science guiding public policy. He was awarded the 2013 AAAS Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award for defying government opposition on HIV/AIDS issues.
A Dartmouth-Australian study provides the first global evidence that foreign aid programs can improve donor countries' public image. The research suggests that targeted and sustained foreign aid can serve a crucial geostrategic goal for those countries providing it, while also improving humanitarian outcomes.
Researchers from Helmholtz Munich demonstrate that geranium extracts inhibit HIV-1 virus replication by blocking attachment to host cells. The extracts contain polyphenols with high anti-HIV-1 activity, making them a promising lead for phytomedicine against HIV-1.
CONRAD and Eastern Virginia Medical School will receive $80 million in funding to develop new HIV prevention products, including microbicides and objective measures of adherence. The project aims to address the high risk of HIV infection among young women in South Africa.
A new aggressive HIV strain, A3/02, has been identified in West Africa and is associated with a shorter period of five years from infection to AIDS development. The study also highlights the increasing global spread of recombinant HIV forms, which can be more vigorous and aggressive than traditional strains.
A recent study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases suggests that even those with low viral loads are at risk of treatment failure. Patients with persistent viral loads between 50-999 copies/mL have a significantly higher risk of virologic failure, which can lead to disease progression.
Two studies report rapid and sustained reduction of SHIV viral load in monkeys infused with anti-HIV antibodies, suggesting potential for treatment. Researchers propose testing antibody-based immunotherapy in HIV-infected people.
Patients who received care at multiple HIV clinics had lower ART adherence, higher viral loads, and increased healthcare costs compared to those receiving care at a single clinic. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous care with one provider for optimal outcomes and reducing transmissions.
South Africa has made significant progress in reducing child mortality rates, mainly due to improved HIV/AIDS care. The country's under-five mortality rate has decreased by six to 10 percent per year since 2006, with the proportion of deaths due to AIDS falling from 39% to between 11 and 24%.
A new study by St. Michael's Hospital finds that milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite the decline in severe cases with combination antiretroviral therapy. Effective screening tests for mild HAND are lacking, affecting up to 50-60% of people living with HIV and AIDS.
Prostratin and bryostatin show promise as effective treatments for HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, and resistant cancer. Prostratin flushes out HIV from its cellular sanctuaries, while analogs of bryostatin are up to 1,000-fold more potent in doing so.
The study found that between 2006 and 2010, HIV/AIDS deaths increased in 98 countries, with a growing share of the burden shifting from Eastern Africa to Southeast Asia and the Caribbean. Meanwhile, countries where HIV/AIDS is not the leading cause of disease burden saw a larger share of the overall burden.
A new finding by Weill Cornell Medical College researchers could improve the safety and performance of reprogrammed cells. The study found that an enzyme called activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) helps in the process of changing adult human cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). These iPS cells can be developed...
The GRACE study found that access to treatment was the most positive factor for patient enrollment, while difficulties in adherence included being a primary caregiver and transportation issues Women of color reported feeling differently about their health after participating in the trial
A New York City program successfully located 689 out of 797 HIV-positive patients who were presumed lost to follow-up, with 77% of these patients accepting appointments at an HIV clinic and 57% returning to treatment. The effort aimed to re-engage patients in care and identify new cases of HIV infection among their sexual partners.
A simple training program can improve early-childhood development in children of AIDS patients by teaching caregivers how to support their children's social skills and cognitive abilities. The study found that these children made significant gains in language learning, memory, and overall cognitive skills after receiving the training.
Researchers deciphered previously unknown properties of transmitted HIV-1 viruses, revealing they are highly infectious and contain more envelope protein. The findings provide new insights into the biology of viral/host dynamics and may inform vaccine design.
A study published in AIDS journal reports that patients with undetectable viral loads and near-normal immune cell counts on antiretroviral therapy have similar mortality rates to the general population. However, those with lower CD4+ cell counts were at increased risk of death.
Two important studies published in the March issue of AIDS found that current CDC HIV screening guidelines may be too conservative, especially for low-risk groups, and that heavy drinking leads to increased HIV risk for men who have sex with men. The studies suggest that frequent testing and addressing risky behaviors can help prevent ...
A study found that moderate gum disease exacerbated infection and inflammation in a monkey model of AIDS, potentially slowing treatment effects. Researchers emphasize the importance of controlling mild mouth inflammation due to its negative implications on long-term disease progression.
A network of steroid molecules found in the brain is disrupted during HIV infection, leading to brain damage. Treatment with DHEA-S has been shown to prevent neuronal damage and reduce neurovirulence.
A new study published in the AIDS Journal found that starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV can lead to reduced food insecurity among patients. The treatment improved work status and mental health, resulting in decreased hunger rates, with the most pronounced effects seen in those receiving ART.
A new study published in AIDS Journal found that HIV subtype distribution is strongly influenced by spatial accessibility and transportation networks in Africa. The research used advanced mapping techniques to assess the role of 'spatial connectivity' in the spread of HIV across sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers found a large number of previously undescribed viruses in the gastrointestinal tract of monkeys with SIV-induced AIDS, suggesting these viruses may contribute to disease progression. The presence of RNA viruses alongside DNA viruses offers new insights into the complex interplay between microorganisms and disease.
People with AIDS are at increased risk for developing esophageal and stomach carcinoma, as well as non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The study found that those with AIDS had a 69% increased risk of esophageal cancer and a 53% increased risk of lower stomach cancer.
A team of researchers has identified a possible key to slowing the progression towards AIDS by uncovering an early immune response that targets a specific section of the HIV protein. This novel finding could lead to new insights into vaccine design and may provide hope for better treatment options for those living with HIV.
Despite negative stereotypes, religious groups in Africa promote medical solutions and provide care for those affected by HIV/AIDS. Many congregations actively engage both faith and biomedical approaches to address the epidemic.
A new psychology study from the University of Texas at Austin found that reliance on supernatural explanations for major life events increases with age. People of all ages tend to endorse biological explanations for certain events but also frequently support supernatural explanations, especially among children and adults.
A study published in AIDS Patient Care and STDs found that HIV-specialized community pharmacies can significantly improve treatment adherence among patients. Users of these pharmacies had greater persistence with their antiviral drug regimens compared to those using traditional pharmacies.
A meta-analysis of clinical trials found no statistically significant differences in viral load after 48 weeks between women and men with HIV. However, subgroup analyses revealed significant gender differences favoring males in certain outcomes.
A recent NIH-funded study found a 2.8% overall rate of new HIV infections among black MSM in the US, with a higher incidence rate among individuals aged 18-30. The study also identified associations between HIV infection and high rates of untreated STIs and poverty.
Dr. Warner C. Greene and global AIDS experts release a locally affordable version of the world's leading AIDS medical textbook, designed specifically for resource-poor regions. The textbook features up-to-date clinical information on HIV/AIDS, including managing and treating the disease in resource-poor settings.
A new report identifies seven key areas where funding and political will are crucial to ending the AIDS epidemic. The report outlines a comprehensive plan for achieving an AIDS-free generation, including renewed scientific research and implementation of proven treatment tools.
A new study from Lund University in Sweden has found that co-infection with mild HIV-2 can slow the development of AIDS in HIV-1-infected patients. The study suggests that HIV-2 can activate cellular reactions that naturally check the development of AIDS, leading to better preventive measures and treatments.
Tel Aviv University has equipped a bio-safety lab with state-of-the-art equipment to research HIV/AIDS, developing novel therapies and diagnostic tools. The ASHA grant supports researchers studying the virus's mechanisms, host interactions, and co-infections.
A study proposes a framework for complementary prevention by targeting specific subgroups with tailored interventions. The research finds that 'treatment as prevention' needs to consider the full range of HIV-risk behaviors.
A study found that liver stiffness measured by transient elastography is an independent predictor of liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality in cirrhotic patients coinfected with HIV/HCV. The measurement also predicts potential recovery and survival in patients with cirrhosis.
Researchers found that abacavir induces the creation of drug-induced immunogens that are attacked by the immune system, leading to severe hypersensitivity reactions. This autoimmune mechanism is similar to those causing diseases like lupus and type 1 diabetes.
A new study by Stanford University School of Medicine researchers found that the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) contributed to a significant decline in adult death rates from all causes in Africa. The program saved over 740,000 lives between 2004 and 2008 in nine countries targeted by PEPFAR.
A study found that African countries with more intense PEPFAR assistance experienced lower all-cause adult mortality rates, with an estimated 740,914 deaths averted. The initiative also showed significant reductions in HIV-specific deaths.
A study on Rwanda found that HIV/AIDS funding has no adverse effects on non-AIDS health services, and may even improve overall quality of care. The research suggests that comprehensive HIV/AIDS interventions can provide better preventive care, including superior delivery of childhood vaccinations.