Articles tagged with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
The program aims to increase trained cancer researchers in Tanzania and prepare them for HIV-associated cancer diagnostics, genomics, and therapy. It will focus on molecular detection, epidemiology, and biology of common HIV-associated malignancies.
A new study links the composition of gut microbiome before infection to HIV susceptibility and progression. Men who contracted HIV in the early days of the pandemic had a greater relative abundance of pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory gut microbes, which contributed to their increased risk of developing AIDS.
A systematic literature review found HIV seroprevalence in five key populations: men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), prisoners, sex workers, and transgender people. The review identified significant gaps in data, particularly for transgender individuals.
A team of scientists from the University of Pittsburgh and National Cancer Institute discovered why HIV is rarely the direct cause of cancer. The research found that it requires a specific series of events involving changes in HIV and additional mutations in human genes, resulting in T cell lymphomas. However, the occurrence is rare, a...
Researchers at Bielefeld University argue that stigmatization prevented lessons from the HIV pandemic from being adopted by broader parts of society. This has consequences for dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. The study highlights the importance of including marginalized groups' perspectives in research to learn from their experiences.
A new study found that states with low initial use of HIV-prevention drugs continue to fall behind in usage among people at risk for the disease. Researchers urge federal and state governments to close gaps by implementing successful policies from early-adopting states, such as telehealth programs and expanding Medicaid.
Three major national nursing organizations issued position statements on racism, addressing six key themes. Most schools of nursing also released statements, but varying degrees of alignment with national statements were observed.
The study found that APOBEC4 is highly expressed in cells and tissues attacked by SARS-CoV-2, such as epithelial cells in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. This knowledge could lead to characterizing antiviral cell status attributed to AID/APOBECs specific to patients and correlating it with organ damage and COVID-19 severity.
The article commemorates the 40th anniversary of the AIDS epidemic with a paper in the New England Journal of Medicine. The piece explores the experiences of American physicians who were central to the epidemic, describing their work as
The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care (JANAC) marks 40 years of nursing science in HIV/AIDS, highlighting lessons learned and ways forward. Nurse researchers lead the way in improving HIV prevention and patient care, particularly for women and minority populations.
A national research project is launching a bundled approach to address socio-cultural health determinants and improve health outcomes for Black women with HIV. The initiative, led by UMass Lowell, will evaluate and disseminate evidence-informed and trauma-informed interventions across 12 sites.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine identified novel transcription factors that influence HIV expression and provided insight into cellular networks controlling activation and repression. Understanding these mechanisms may help target the latent reservoir of virus, allowing for potential treatment advancements.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center have successfully tested a new peptide therapy that reduces fever, protects the lungs, improves heart function, and reverses cytokine storm in mouse models with COVID-19. The treatment also prevents disease progression and has potential as a post-vaccine measure to manage severe symptoms.
Researchers have discovered the three-dimensional structure of Nef-CD4 and AP-2, providing a basis for developing anti-HIV therapies. This finding highlights Nef's crucial role in subverting human cells' defense mechanisms, enabling HIV replication and disease progression.
Researchers have developed a new technology that precisely and rapidly degrades targeted proteins in various organisms. The AID2 system overcomes previous drawbacks of slow degradation rates and requires lower doses of auxin.
A new sex education program for Muslim teens, Sex Education in the Mosque, has been developed to address HIV prevention and promote abstinence. The program, grounded in Islamic teachings, showed significant gains in knowledge and positive attitudes among adolescent participants.
The International Antiviral Society-USA has updated its guidelines for preventing and treating HIV infection in adults, emphasizing the importance of antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis. The new recommendations aim to improve treatment adherence and reduce HIV transmission.
A study reveals that structural and systemic racism significantly impact HIV care for Black women in the US South, leading to decreased trust in healthcare providers and systems. The findings highlight the need for addressing mistrust issues and empowering patients through effective communication and community-based interventions.
The USPSTF recommends behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for all sexually active adolescents and adults at increased risk. STIs have risen across the US, with 20 million new cases annually, leading to serious health complications if untreated.
A new study identifies key steps toward establishing nurse- and midwife-led HIV services in eastern and southern Africa, including improved training, supportive supervision, and formal mentorship programs. The region has shown remarkable progress toward eliminating HIV, but challenges remain in providing effective antiretroviral therapy.
A new long-acting injectable form of PrEP containing cabotegravir outperformed a daily oral Truvada regimen in preventing HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men and transgender women. The study found that the injectable PrEP had a superior protective effect, with a 66% lower incidence rate compared to the daily pill.
A new study suggests that state-purchased insurance plans are improving HIV outcomes for people living with the disease. The research found that increased enrollment in these programs is associated with better viral suppression rates, which can lead to a reduction in new HIV transmissions and healthcare costs.
A recent study suggests that wound healing in mucous tissues during early SIV infection may prevent disease progression and AIDS. The researchers found that African green monkeys, a natural host for HIV, quickly activate regenerative wound healing mechanisms in their mucosal tissue, interrupting the course of the disease.
A peer-reviewed commentary warns of widening HIV infection disparities among Hispanics/Latinos, with the highest increase seen in gay and bisexual men aged 25-34. The article advocates for targeted investment in stigma reduction, treatment accessibility, behavioral interventions, and community leadership engagement to address the crisis.
The NYDOH AIDS Institute awarded a 5-year, $1 million grant to the Health Education Alternatives for Teens Program (HEAT) at SUNY Downstate to provide essential health services for transgender and gender non-conforming youth. The grant will nearly triple the program's capacity to serve over 100 patients annually.
A new technique allows rapid degradation of targeted cellular proteins within minutes, enabling researchers to study protein functions and diseases. The method has potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods, improving our understanding of cell biology.
The USPSTF recommends offering preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with effective antiretroviral therapy to individuals at high risk of acquiring HIV. This recommendation aims to decrease their risk of infection and can help mitigate the significant health consequences associated with untreated HIV.
The study reviewed comprehensive AIDS prevention programs in prisons, which have been shown to increase prisoners' awareness of AIDS and reduce HIV transmission. These programs also promote the use of condoms, improve healthcare access, and decrease the risk of disease transmission.
Nurses can collect and analyze data using smartphone applications, leading to improvements in data quality and better health outcomes for patients with HIV/AIDS. A larger selection of apps is needed to scale up mHealth innovations and combat the pandemic.
The study found that provinces receiving high PEPFAR funding experienced significant reductions in infant mortality, saving the lives of many Kenyan children. However, the effectiveness of the program varies across countries and regions with different HIV prevalence rates.
The ANRS CLEAC study found that early antiretroviral therapy in infants reduces the risk of death in early childhood and decreases the viral reservoir, promoting a healthier immune system. This benefit persists into late childhood and even adulthood, marking a significant milestone in HIV treatment.
According to Dr. Fauci, sustained ART-free remission involves suppressing latent virus without daily medication. Two approaches are being explored: intermittent non-ART interventions and stimulating the immune system to exert long-lasting control over HIV.
Namibia achieved high levels of viral load suppression among women and adults, with progress attributed to targeted expansion of prevention and treatment services. However, gaps remain in western Africa, particularly among young women and men, highlighting the need for expanded primary HIV prevention and treatment resources.
Researchers have identified a new class of antibodies that can protect against HIV-1 infection, using an animal model to show its effectiveness. The study found that IgM antibodies were able to prevent the virus from crossing the mucosal barrier, offering a potential breakthrough for AIDS prevention and treatment.
The HIV pandemic is not on track to end by 2030 and current approaches are insufficient. A new Lancet Commission calls for collaboration between researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to win the global fight against HIV.
A research team led by Professor Chen Zhiwei at HKU invented a single gene-encoded tandem broadly neutralizing antibody, BiIA-SG, which displays potent activity against all genetically divergent global HIV-1 strains tested. The new findings show that BiIA-SG prevents diverse live viral challenges completely in humanized mice.
The US government has renewed funding for UC San Diego's Center for AIDS Research, supporting continued studies of HIV/AIDS. The five-year, $15 million grant will focus on finding a cure for HIV in those already infected and preventing transmission to uninfected individuals.
A study found racial disparities in HIV control exist even when patients have equal access to care, with differences attributed to adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy. Black veterans had higher viral loads than white counterparts, highlighting a critical issue in healthcare disparities.
The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has saved millions of lives since its inception in 2003. PEPFAR-funded programs have delivered antiretroviral therapy to over 13 million people, prevented 2.2 million perinatal HIV infections, and supported vulnerable children impacted by HIV.
The study provides the first atomic description of the herpes virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, allowing scientists to identify specific targets for antiviral therapies. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments for both KSHV and Epstein-Barr viruses.
A team of scientists led by Guido Silvestri at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center has sequenced the sooty mangabey genome, revealing clues that may help people infected with HIV. The study found two key differences in proteins of the immune system that may contribute to the mangabeys' resistance to AIDS.
A new study published in AIDS Patient Care and STDs found that HIV-infected women do not use statins as recommended by guidelines, which control blood lipid levels to prevent heart disease. This underuse may accelerate cardiovascular disease in HIV-positive individuals, underscoring the need for improved cardiac health monitoring.
Researchers from Kumamoto University developed a compound that suppresses viral budding, confining the virus within host cells and leading to cell death through apoptosis. This approach aims to eradicate latent HIV reservoirs, which are key to complete recovery from AIDS.
Lesotho achieves high viral load suppression rates, while Uganda's previously expanding epidemic stabilizes due to circumcision and treatment expansions. New US strategy aims to accelerate progress in high-burden countries by 2020
Researchers found that active users are more likely to be denialists, with a core group promoting denialist views and recruiting support through interactions. The study identified a high-risk group of over 1,000 users, including those who interact with the core and are influenced by their views.
A study published in the journal AIDS Care found that supportive housing programs significantly improve the health outcomes of previously homeless individuals living with HIV/AIDS. The research analyzed biometric data and showed a positive relationship between program stay length and viral suppression, highlighting the importance of st...
Researchers reconstructed the origins of the AIDS pandemic in unprecedented detail by recovering genetic material from 40-year-old serum samples. The study suggests that HIV emerged in New York City around 1970 and spread rapidly across North America, with the city serving as a critical hub for the epidemic.
A new study proves that Gaétan Dugas was one of many thousands infected in the years before HIV was recognized. The term 'Patient Zero' was created inadvertently in the earliest years of investigating AIDS, and Dugas's global defamation is attributed to this mistake.
A new study reveals that some HIV-infected children control the virus by activating low levels of immune activation and producing potent antibodies. This differs from adults who develop AIDS despite effective antiretroviral therapy.
Experts suggest outsourcing key tasks from WHO to better-placed agencies to improve effectiveness and attract funding. This approach would utilize external expertise more appropriately, allowing the organization to maintain global leadership while increasing the contribution of other actors.
Researchers found that combining antiretroviral therapy with an immune-enhancing treatment can destabilize viral reservoirs in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. The treatment, which targets PD-1, boosted anti-viral CD8+ cells and reduced SIV levels in infected monkeys.
The ANRS CohMSM study found an annual incidence rate of 4.8% among West African MSM, indicating they are eligible for PrEP. The study also showed a demand for access to follow-up and screening services, with 82% of participants attending their first appointment.
A new study found that the rate of new HIV infections increased in 74 countries between 2005 and 2015, posing significant challenges to ending the AIDS pandemic. Despite progress in lowering AIDS mortality, the pace of decline in new infections has slowed, with only a 0.7% drop per year between 2005 and 2015.
The monthly dapivirine vaginal ring provides significant protection against HIV infection in women, with consistent use reducing risk by at least 56%. Two open-label studies have launched to further investigate the product's efficacy and support its consistent use.
Researchers from UCLA have discovered a type of cell called chimeric antigen receptors that can be used to kill HIV-infected cells. CARs are artificially created immune T cells engineered to produce receptors designed to target and kill specific cells containing viruses or tumor proteins.
The NY State Dept of Health AIDS Institute has funded $3.75 million in grants to support HIV/AIDS prevention among at-risk youth in NYC. Project STAY, a comprehensive health program, aims to provide education, screenings, and linkages to care for young people engaged in risk-taking behaviors.
A UCLA study found a significant decline in funding for the US government's HIV/AIDS initiative, PEPFAR, from $448.6 million in 2013 to $302.8 million in 2014. This drop is concerning as many countries rely on PEPFAR for vital health care services.
A new study found that atazanavir-exposed infants have lower scores for language and social-emotional development compared to unexposed infants. However, the differences are small and may not have large clinical implications. Further studies are needed to assess the persistence of these effects beyond one year of age.
A Yale University study found a significant correlation between states' social service spending and reduced HIV/AIDS case rates and deaths. The researchers analyzed data from 2000-2009, discovering that states with higher investments in public health and education per person living in poverty had lower HIV/AIDS rates.
Researchers deciphered how HIV's Tat protein interacts with host genes to activate or repress several hundred human genes. Blocking Tat activity may be therapeutic value for HIV patients, suggesting a promising approach to combat the deadly virus.