Articles tagged with Antigens
Researchers found abnormal antibody levels in HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting an important factor contributing to the failure of the gut to prevent microbial invasion. The study revealed a significant elevation of immunoglobulin M levels and decreased ratios of IgG/IgM and IgA/IgM in HIV-1-infected patients.
A recent study by Lund University researcher Mattias Möller has identified 1000 new genetic variants in blood group genes, which could have negative effects during blood transfusions. The discovery was made possible by developing a new computer program to process the genomes of 2504 people, providing insights into human genetic variation.
A new TB vaccine using biobeads to present antigens from the tuberculosis bacterium has shown promising results in mice. The vaccine is designed to induce cell-mediated immune responses and could potentially provide protective immunity against TB.
A new method has been developed to identify suitable protein structures directly from patients' tumor cells using mass spectrometry. This approach allows for the identification of mutated peptides presented on the surface of cancer cells with high accuracy and speed.
Researchers found that adrenergic nerves control the daily cycle of immune cell trafficking, with T and B cells accumulating in lymph nodes during the day. This circadian pattern regulates the immune response, making mice more susceptible to infection when injected with antigens at night.
Scientists are exploring the relationship between genome architecture and antigen variation in pathogens like Trypanosoma brucei. By analyzing the parasite's genomic structure, researchers aim to better understand how these pathogens evade the immune system and develop more effective vaccines.
A study by UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute has found a new mutant vaccine antigen that significantly improves protective antibody responses against meningococcus. The results show up to 15-fold greater protection, with potential implications for improved vaccines for infants and young children.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that PSA failure increases the risk of death by 1.6-fold in healthy men, but not those with comorbidities like heart disease or stroke. The study suggests healthy men should be informed about clinical trials showing reduced PSA failure benefits.
Research from WashU Medicine found that cholera toxin hyperactivates a key signaling molecule in intestinal cells, leading to severe diarrhea and dehydration. People with type O blood are more susceptible to this effect, making them more likely to die from cholera.
Selecta Biosciences' synthetic vaccine particles have been shown to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance, mitigating the formation of anti-drug antibodies and improving the efficacy and safety profile of biologic drugs. The technology has potential applications in treating rare diseases, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.
A research group at Osaka University has clarified the molecular mechanism behind inducing germinal-center B cells to differentiate into memory B cells, a crucial step in creating effective vaccines. This breakthrough reveals that lower-affinity maturation of antigens is key to memory B cell differentiation.
Engineered CAR T cells targeting multiple tumor antigens show improved anti-tumor activity and survival rates in an animal model of glioblastoma. This approach could lead to more effective immunotherapies for certain types of cancer.
A new anthrax capsule vaccine has been found to completely protect monkeys from lethal inhalational anthrax infection. The study suggests that the capsule is a highly effective vaccine component that could be incorporated into future generation anthrax vaccines, offering a safer alternative to existing protective antigen-based vaccines.
A team of scientists has discovered that two genes associated with Parkinson's disease are key regulators of the immune system, providing direct evidence linking Parkinson's to autoimmune disease. The study found that proteins produced by these genes can prevent cells from being detected and attacked by the immune system.
Researchers from the University Freiburg have developed a new model of T cell activation, demonstrating that cholesterol prevents an immune response even when no antigen is present. The study reveals a specific interaction between cholesterol and inactive T cell receptors, regulating their conformation and activity.
A recent study identified transthyretin (TTR) as an antigen that stimulates B and T cell immune responses in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Elevated levels of TTR in synovial joint fluid were found in some patients, leading to increased TTR autoantibodies.
Researchers have identified antigens that activate autoreactive T cells in autoimmune diabetes, a potential trigger for the disease. The discovery provides insight into how the immune system is tricked into destroying the body's own beta cells.
Researchers developed a new biosensor test system based on magnetic nanoparticles to measure protein concentrations in various samples. The system provides high sensitivity and accuracy, exceeding laboratory methods, and can detect proteins even in opaque liquids.
Typical foods induce immune tolerance conditions in the small intestine by creating regulatory T cells, which inform the immune system on safe food antigens. This mechanism helps prevent food allergies and is crucial for maintaining gut health.
Dendritic cells (DCs) process and present antigens to cytotoxic T cells through cross-presentation. Researchers found that a delayed fusion between phagosomes and lysosomes enhances antigen presentation. This mechanism helps DCs induce effective immunity against pathogens, while preventing the uptake of 'self' antigens.
Activated dendritic cells use phagocytosis to process and present antigens, promoting immune responses. Researchers discovered that a delay in lysosome fusion after phagocytosis prevents excessive antigen degradation and promotes cross-presentation.
Scientists have discovered compartmentalized protein islands for IgM and IgD receptors on resting B cells, which change upon activation. This study provides direct evidence for the nanoscale organization of the lymphocyte membrane and may aid in vaccine design and treatment development.
Researchers suggest that a sequence of tailored immunizations could guide the immune response to develop special antibodies that can neutralize HIV. The approach targets the virus's binding site, which remains unchanged despite mutations.
A new Stanford University School of Medicine study found that vast numbers of self-reactive immune cells remain in circulation well into adulthood, challenging the long-held belief that they are weeded out early in life. This suggests that adults may be more susceptible to autoimmune disease than previously thought.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have discovered two antibody-binding receptors on immune cells that work together to kill tumors and create a memory of them. The study found that targeting specific antigens with antibodies can lead to the formation of immunological memory, which can suppress future tumor growth.
Scientists from Houston Methodist report that porous silicon microparticles can potentiate anti-tumor immunity by enhancing cross-presentation and inducing a type I interferon response. This approach shows promise for treating HER2+ breast cancer patients, with potential applications for other types of cancers.
Scientists at the University of British Columbia have created an enzyme that can alter the sugar structures in Type A and B blood, making it more compatible with Type O blood. The breakthrough could lead to a solution for blood transfusion shortages, as the universal donor Type O blood can be given to patients of all blood types.
Researchers successfully boost enzyme activity by 170-fold, rendering antigen-neutral and compatible with all patients regardless of blood type. This breakthrough advances blood transfusions and potentially organ and tissue transplants from mismatched donors.
Researchers at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München demonstrate that macrophages can effectively substitute for dendritic cells as primers of T-cell-dependent immune responses. They stimulate a more comprehensive immune reaction than cross-presenting dendritic cells, activating T-cells specific for all antigen-binding sites.
Researchers at NIST have developed a precise method to measure the structural configuration of monoclonal antibodies using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. This technique allows for high-resolution spectral analysis, enabling the determination of whether protein folding is occurring as desired, and pote...
Researchers in Berlin have successfully generated human T cell receptors that specifically recognize and destroy cancer cells. The breakthrough, published in Nature Biotechnology, could lead to new cancer therapies by training the immune system to attack tumor cells.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have developed a new type of vaccine that prevents both active and latent infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The vaccine, dubbed "delta-gD-2," provides complete protection against subsequent infection in mice, suggesting it could be effective in humans.
Researchers found that B cells from mutant mice with M6P deficiency and patients with mucolipidosis II present similar defects in antibody synthesis, indicating a critical role of M6P in B cell function. Other immune cells, such as dendritic cells and T cells, were less severely affected.
Researchers have made breakthroughs in personalized vaccine technology for all types of cancer, using genes expressed in tumors to create tailored vaccines. The approach has shown promise in improving biological responses and disease control.
A new study suggests that skin sensitization to food proteins, triggered by pro-inflammatory molecules like TSLP and IL-25, can lead to food allergy development. The research found that mice exposed to food antigens through the skin developed severe allergic reactions when ingested.
The study reveals IL-37's role in regulating the adaptive immune system by inhibiting antigen recognition. This allows for potential manipulation of IL-37 levels to sensitize or desensitize the immune system in various diseases.
Low preoperative serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels and absence of tumor invasion into the pleura or blood vessels are independent prognostic factors for patients with peripheral squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. These factors are associated with longer overall survival and reduced disease recurrence.
Researchers examined new vaccination strategies to combat avian flu, finding that MF59 adjuvant improves immunogenicity and enhances efficacy. The studies also showed that prior exposure to a related antigen can lead to increased antibody responses to subsequent vaccinations.
A new study by UC Irvine researchers reveals the crucial role of glycosylation in determining how T cells are created and selected. The findings provide insight into a vital process that determines the body's ability to fight infection.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have identified a new B-cell selection process that influences antibody survival independent of antigen-binding regions. This discovery adds a surprising dimension to the understanding of antibody repertoires and may help shape them to better fight disease.
Researchers have discovered a common rulebook for the immune system's T cells, enabling faster identification of antigens and potential treatments. This breakthrough could lead to improved understanding of autoimmune diseases like diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at Mount Sinai present landmark studies on an immune response in prostate cancer tumors, effects of paternal age on live birth rates and treatment modalities for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The studies demonstrate complexities of immunotherapy and its impact on survival rates and fertility outcomes.
Researchers propose that Parkinson's disease could be linked to the immune system attacking healthy neurons, potentially leading to new treatments. The study found that certain neurons display antigens, which are recognized by T-cells and can kill them, raising hopes for a new understanding of the disease.
Researchers discovered that mechanical forces play a crucial role in T-cell recognition and signaling. The study found that the magnitude, duration, frequency, and timing of force application determine the outcome of an interaction between an antigen and a TCR. This new understanding adds another dimension to interactions with T-cells.
A new cancer vaccine has demonstrated prolonged survival in animal models of both tumors by stimulating the immune system to attack cancer cells. The vaccine combines a molecule targeting a tumor-cell-surface antigen with another protein that stimulates several immune functions.
Researchers developed a nasal vaccine formulation that provides protective immunity against West Nile virus in mice after only 2 doses. The vaccine was shown to protect 100% of mice from morbidity and weight loss.
Stanford researchers have made a breakthrough in developing a universal flu vaccine by targeting the protein stem rather than the head of a critical protein. This approach aims to offer broader protection against different strains of flu and potential multi-season immunity.
The pertactin antigen, crucial to the effectiveness of the whooping cough vaccine, is now absent from more than half of US bacterial isolates. The absence of this antigen has significant implications for public health authorities and highlights the need to monitor circulating bacterial populations.
A new HIV vaccine has demonstrated partial protection against simian-human immunodeficiency virus in rhesus monkeys, with an 87-90% reduction in infection rate. The vaccine uses optimized antigens that mount antibody and cellular immune responses to diverse strains of the virus.
A recent study highlights the issue of poor antibody performance due to contaminating hitchhiker antigens. This can lead to misdiagnosis, incorrect conclusions about disease mechanisms, and costly mistakes in drug development.
A recent study found that detecting changes in circulating tumor cells (CTC) may be more accurate than tracking prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels to predict treatment outcomes in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The study showed a favorable change in CTC detection occurred in over half of patients during chemoth...
Researchers at IMIM discovered that intestinal mucus prevents inflammatory reactions against commensal bacteria and dietary antigens, offering a promising complementary way to treat ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The study also suggests potential applications in cancer therapy due to mucus' anti-inflammatory properties.
Researchers at LMU München have developed a novel technique to identify tumor and autoimmune disease antigens, which can simplify diagnostic procedures and enable the design of targeted, long-term therapies. The technology uses genetically engineered cells to analyze millions of antigens within hours.
A new modular vaccine design called MAPS technology may generate vaccines conferring strong immunity at reduced cost and risk. The method allows for rapid construction of new vaccines that activate multiple arms of the immune system simultaneously against one or more pathogens, reducing the risk of adverse effects.
Researchers have identified a specific risk factor for autism, known as MAR autism, linked to maternal antibodies attacking fetal brain proteins. The study found that mothers of children with autism were more than 21 times likely to have these antibodies, offering a potential biomarker for drug development and early diagnosis.
McGill researchers used computational tools to examine the solutions immune systems may use to detect small concentrations of foreign antigens in a sea of self-antigens. The study found that almost all solutions shared a common core structure or motif, revealing a surprisingly simple solution related to biochemical adaptation.
A team from The Scripps Research Institute has developed a new technique to selectively repress unwanted immune reactions without disabling the immune system as a whole. This method exploits a natural mechanism to target B-cells responsible for Factor VIII rejection, preventing an unwanted immune response in mice for several months.
The thymus teaches the immune system to ignore essential gut bacteria, reducing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Researchers found that regulatory T cells come from the thymus and can recognize both self- and non-self-antigens.
Researchers at Lund University have discovered a new protein that controls the presence of the Vel blood group antigen on red blood cells. The discovery makes it possible to use simple DNA testing to find blood donors for patients who lack the Vel antigen and need a blood transfusion.
Researchers developed a dual CAR approach that allows engineered T cells to selectively target tumor cells while sparing normal tissue. This innovative approach uses two separate antigen-specificity proteins, one for starting and another for boosting the immune response.