Articles tagged with Antigens
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A team from Princeton University used mathematical modeling to explore the relationship between T cell expansion and infectious agent levels. They found that the starting amount of infectious agent and affinity for the cells are key factors in determining the expansion rate. The study suggests a simple underlying mechanism governing th...
Researchers discovered a mechanism by which bacteria like Burkholderia ambifaria activate white blood cells and attack the immune system. The study found that lectin BambL binds to carbohydrate residues on the surface of B cells, triggering an immune response in immunocompromised hosts.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that gut immune cells operate under harsh conditions and use a more socialistic principle to select B cells with varying levels of antibody affinity. This unique process may lead to the development of more effective oral vaccines.
Researchers at Caltech have developed two new methods to determine T cell targets, which are critical for designing personalized treatments for cancers. The methods use a signaling domain attached to MHCs or trogocytosis to identify the correct antigen.
A team of researchers has identified a connection between infection control and how well antiviral T cells respond to diverse HIV sequences. This study suggests that individual T cells differ widely in their ability to recognize peptide variants, which may be clinically significant in controlling HIV infection.
Scientists have developed a precise measuring tool using DNA origami to optimize antibody effectiveness, with distances of approximately 16 nanometres providing the strongest bond. This technology can help better understand the immune response and design more effective antibodies for vaccines and immunotherapy.
Researchers developed a computer program that translates free-form drawings into DNA structures, enabling users to create complex nanostructures for various applications. The 'PERDIX' program uses a mathematical approach to automate the design process, making it accessible to anyone with basic drawing skills.
Researchers found that hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute liver failure results from an uncommon encounter between a highly mutated HBV variant and an unusual immune response in the patient's liver. By analyzing liver samples, they discovered new mechanisms about the disease, providing insights into its development.
Researchers identify significant impact of genetic diversity on peptide binding to HLA molecules, with implications for understanding HIV elite control and drug hypersensitivity. The study may also aid in the development of personalized vaccines.
Robert Tampé's €1.5 million Koselleck project aims to elucidate key mechanisms of antigen processing in MHC-I complexes, which could lead to new therapy options for infections and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers discover water molecule stabilizes Tn antigen structure, leading to different interactions with cell receptors and antibodies. This finding has implications for developing synthetic molecules that can trigger a stronger immune response against cancer cells.
A new biotechnology advancement may boost the efficacy of a transmission-blocking vaccine (TBV) that prevents mosquitoes from spreading malaria. The vaccine, which induces humans to make malaria-attacking antibodies, could reduce malaria spread in sub-Saharan Africa where the disease kills over 400,000 people annually.
A recent study found that CD4+ T cell's binding partner, MHC-II, plays a significant role in emerging tumors, suggesting new avenues for improving cancer immunotherapies. The researchers also discovered no correlation between MHC-II's ability to recognize antigens and the age at which patients were diagnosed with cancer.
Research reveals that genetic factors and age are the strongest predictors of humoral immune responses to common pathogens and vaccines. The study also found that older individuals and women exhibit stronger antibody responses against most antigens.
A new quantitative suspension array assay (qSAT) has been developed to measure antibodies against multiple Plasmodium falciparum proteins, simplifying sero-epidemiological studies and vaccine development. The assay is highly sensitive and specific, allowing for detailed analysis of natural and vaccine-induced antibody responses.
Researchers at the University of Leicester developed a new method to determine the effectiveness of the Men B vaccine against various meningococcal strains. The approach directly tests blood samples from patients with meningococcal disease, allowing for more accurate assessments of vaccine protection.
Researchers developed a single-administration vaccine strategy using an injectable microsphere bearing inactivated polio vaccine, which releases stable antigen over time. The study found that injecting the microspheres into rats elicited a strong immune response against all three IPV antigens.
Researchers have developed a computer program that can comprehensively determine differences in individuals' blood types with over 99% accuracy. This breakthrough has the potential to prevent serious complications and fatalities from blood transfusion reactions.
The USPSTF recommends that men aged 55 to 69 consider discussing the benefits and harms of PSA-based screening with their doctor. Screening offers a small benefit of reducing prostate cancer death, but also potential harms like false positives and overdiagnosis.
Scientists have engineered red blood cell lines to express fewer antigens, making them less immunogenic for patients with rare blood types. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more universal blood sources for transfusion patients.
Researchers at TU Wien and Medical University of Vienna have discovered that T cell antigen receptors operate alone, contrary to previous assumptions. This groundbreaking finding has significant implications for understanding immune responses and developing effective therapies against cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers discovered mouse genes that enhance human T-cell power against liver cancer, offering new hope for patients. Engineered human T cells eradicated cancer without harming normal liver tissue.
Despite guideline recommendations, most men with PSA testing do not receive shared decision-making, while those without receive limited discussion elements. The study suggests a modest shift towards full shared decision-making, calling for innovative strategies to increase its application.
A stem cell vaccine created from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been shown to elicit strong immune responses in lab mice, effectively eliminating breast, lung, and skin cancers. The vaccine also prevented relapses in animals with removed tumors.
Researchers developed artificial receptors called EVIR that enable dendritic cells to capture antigens from the patient's tumor, amplifying the immune response against cancer. The EVIR technology exploits pro-tumoral exosomes as selective nanocarriers of tumor antigens.
Scientists used AI technology to create a map of T-cell receptor diversity, discovering that patients with cancer who have a greater variety of receptors may be more likely to respond to immunotherapy. The research suggests that this variation in receptors could be key to improving treatment outcomes
Scientists have identified a common target shared by the T-cell receptors of two patients with colorectal cancer, paving the way for personalized immunotherapies. The breakthrough could lead to the development of broadly effective treatments that harness the immune system to fight cancer.
New research reveals how accumulation of chemically modified lipids interferes with the function of a protein involved in antitumor immune responses and effective cancer immunotherapy. The findings point to new strategies for improving the response to immunotherapy.
A software program can accurately predict tumor-specific markers on leukemia cells in patients who have received stem cell transplants. The researchers plan to use their findings to develop immune-based therapies that target these antigens.
A type of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, HLA-DQB1*03:01, is associated with an increased risk of developing bullous pemphigoid (BP) in diabetic patients taking DPP-4 inhibitory drugs. The gene was found to be present in 86% of non-inflammatory BP patients administered with DPP-4i, compared to 18% in the general population.
Dendritic cells known as cDC2s are crucial for robust T cell induction and antibody production in vaccination. The study found that intradermal injections may be more efficient than traditional methods, expanding the number of people who can be vaccinated during a pandemic.
Researchers at Osaka University developed a new strategy for multiple myeloma immunotherapy by identifying a novel therapeutic target, MMG49, specifically recognizing integrin β7. The resulting CAR-T treatment showed anti-MM effects without damaging normal blood cells.
A new meningococcal vaccine, MenB-4C (Bexsero), has been shown to cover up to 91% of bacterial strains causing invasive serogroup B meningococcal disease in children and young adults. The vaccine contains four antigens that induce an immune response against the bacteria.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center have engineered a novel way to genetically modify T cells to target and prevent leukemia relapse. The new immunotherapy, relying on engineered T-cell receptors, represents a different method of genetic engineering than CAR T-cell therapies.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital and Monash University uncover the basis for T cell receptor autoreactivity to self-phospholipids, with implications for psoriasis, contact hypersensitivities, and allergies. The study highlights the physical structures that enable lipid recognition by T cells.
Scientists at Goethe University Frankfurt reveal how correct molecular passports are selected by cells to avoid autoimmune diseases and cancer. The new discovery sheds light on the quality control of antigens, crucial for effective immune surveillance.
Researchers found two types of T cells respond differently to cancer antigens, with one starting strong but exhausting quickly and the other staying on target for a longer antitumor effect. The study suggests that targeting the persistent T cell type could lead to more effective cancer vaccines.
Researchers will study a nanoparticle-based therapeutic that targets the body's own cancer immunity cycle, aiming to prevent tumor progression and metastasis. The therapy shows promise in treating melanomas, ovarian, and breast tumors, with sustainable immune stimulation and prevention of relapse.
Researchers at UNC Health Care have developed an assay to detect antigen production and immune effectors capable of clearing infected cells. Vorinostat reverses latent HIV infection, making it vulnerable to clearance and potentially paving the way for a cure for the millions living with the virus.
A team at TUM found that the number and type of cells produced from a single naive T cell vary widely, contradicting the prevailing hypothesis. Mathematical models may help improve vaccination strategies by understanding the probabilities involved in T cell development.
Researchers have developed a new method to generate specific human antibodies in the laboratory using nanoparticles. This technique can produce high-affinity antibodies within days, offering potential for rapid therapeutic antibody production and accelerated vaccine development.
Two subsets of dendritic cells work together to activate T cells against a virus. CD141+ DCs produce viral fragments from infected CD1c+ DCs, which they then present to T cells.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have designed antibodies to stop the production of protein deposits linked to Alzheimer's disease. The antibodies, developed using computer-based methods, were tested in test tubes and nematode worms, showing almost complete elimination of toxic pathogens.
Researchers at MUSC found that gp96 is essential for maintaining a balanced immune system in the gut, preventing colitis. Without gp96, pAPCs become more inflammatory, leading to an imbalance of T cell populations and the development of colitis.
Researchers have unveiled the molecular mechanism of T cell activation, a key step in the immune response. The study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to probe the interaction between a T cell receptor and an HIV protein, shedding light on the signaling process that triggers an immune response.
A new study found that desensitizing patient antibodies can reduce the risk of heart transplant rejection in high immunological risk patients. Patients with high levels of anti-HLA antibodies had similar survival rates to those without DSA, but experienced more bleeding complications due to plasmapheresis.
A new study by the American Cancer Society found that prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing rates among men 50 years or older have leveled off at 32.1%. This trend is notable given previous declines in PSA screening rates, which dropped from 37.8% in 2010 to 30.8% in 2013.
Researchers have discovered a protein called PorB, found on the exterior of bacteria, which can increase both antibody production and stimulate cytotoxic T cells to fight off infections. The study demonstrates the potential for this protein to enhance vaccine effectiveness against various diseases, including cancer and HIV.
Scientists at UVA have discovered an unexpected connection between the immune system and the testes, which may explain why some cancer vaccines are failing to work. This finding could lead to new treatments for autoimmune disorders and male infertility, as doctors target specific antigens released by the testes.
The new test classifies samples into common ABO and Rh blood groups in under 30 seconds after two simple steps, with high accuracy rate even for rare blood types. The test's rapid turnaround time makes it ideal for resource-limited situations such as war zones or emergencies.
Researchers have found that T cells soften after activation, allowing them to elicit a stronger response. They identified drugs that can help either activate or suppress T cell responses, providing a new approach to manipulating the immune system.
Researchers have used modified red blood cells to deliver disease-specific antigens, preventing and alleviating multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes in early stage mouse models. The approach shows promise for inducing tolerance and could lead to new therapies for autoimmune diseases.
A novel DNA vaccine approach targets Wilm's tumor gene 1 (WT1), breaking immune tolerance and inducing robust T cell responses. The vaccine shows promise in generating improved immunity to WT1-expressing cancers, with therapeutic effects observed in mice.
A recent study by Lund University researcher Mattias Möller has identified 1000 new genetic variants in blood group genes, which could have negative effects during blood transfusions. The discovery was made possible by developing a new computer program to process the genomes of 2504 people, providing insights into human genetic variation.
Researchers found abnormal antibody levels in HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting an important factor contributing to the failure of the gut to prevent microbial invasion. The study revealed a significant elevation of immunoglobulin M levels and decreased ratios of IgG/IgM and IgA/IgM in HIV-1-infected patients.
A new TB vaccine using biobeads to present antigens from the tuberculosis bacterium has shown promising results in mice. The vaccine is designed to induce cell-mediated immune responses and could potentially provide protective immunity against TB.
A new method has been developed to identify suitable protein structures directly from patients' tumor cells using mass spectrometry. This approach allows for the identification of mutated peptides presented on the surface of cancer cells with high accuracy and speed.
Researchers found that adrenergic nerves control the daily cycle of immune cell trafficking, with T and B cells accumulating in lymph nodes during the day. This circadian pattern regulates the immune response, making mice more susceptible to infection when injected with antigens at night.
Scientists are exploring the relationship between genome architecture and antigen variation in pathogens like Trypanosoma brucei. By analyzing the parasite's genomic structure, researchers aim to better understand how these pathogens evade the immune system and develop more effective vaccines.
A study by UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute has found a new mutant vaccine antigen that significantly improves protective antibody responses against meningococcus. The results show up to 15-fold greater protection, with potential implications for improved vaccines for infants and young children.