Articles tagged with Antigens
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Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine discovered that blocking the action of a specific protein called DUSP6 can restore an important class of immune cells' response to vaccines. This finding holds long-term therapeutic ramifications and could potentially counter aging's effects on the immune system.
A new study published in Nature suggests that vaccines could be developed to prevent premature birth and pregnancy complications by stimulating the production of immune suppressive cells. These cells, which are generated during pregnancy, can tolerate foreign antigens and provide protection to the fetus.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine discovered a new 'first response' mechanism that the immune system uses to respond to infection, challenging current understanding of immunity. This fast-acting immune response is orchestrated by inflammatory monocytes and can provide immediate protection against microbes.
Researchers identified powerful antibodies that can neutralize up to 80% of HIV-1 virus types by binding to specific sugars on the glycan shield. A vaccine designed around this approach could offer wide-ranging protection for immunized individuals.
A new experimental immune-based therapy has more than doubled median survival of patients diagnosed with the most aggressive malignant brain tumor. The vaccine targets six antigens involved in glioblastoma cell development and shows promise in attacking cancer stem cells.
Baylor College of Medicine researchers found that the P[14] strain of rotavirus uses the histo-blood group antigen A as a receptor to infect human cells. Laboratory tests showed that cells with this antigen were easily infected, while those without it were not.
Researchers developed a new method to identify antigens that induce autoimmune reactions by generating cells emitting green fluorescent light when stimulated. The technique uses genetic engineering techniques and is highly sensitive, allowing for the analysis of millions of antigens in hours.
Goblet cells, previously thought to only secrete mucus, have been found to chaperone food antigens in the intestine, connecting them to dendritic cells. This discovery provides new insights into intestinal immunity and potential targets for therapies against inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies.
Researchers have created a universal approach to personalized cancer therapy based on T cells, offering a highly adaptable and effective treatment option. The system uses engineered T cells capable of targeting multiple tumor antigens simultaneously or sequentially, significantly extending conventional CAR approaches.
Researchers have identified two proteins responsible for the Langereis and Junior blood types, shedding light on a long-standing medical mystery. The discovery may improve treatment options for breast cancer patients and enhance blood transfusion safety for rare blood type carriers.
A new study reveals how tumours exploit the lymphatic system to evade immune cells, but also identifies a weakness that can be targeted to boost vaccine efficacy. By understanding this mechanism, future cancer vaccines may be able to bypass the tumour's defence and effectively kill cancer cells.
Scientists discovered that T cells can temporarily lose their ability to fight cancer when exposed to self-antigens, but return to normal function under certain conditions. Researchers hope to develop new cancer therapies by understanding and overcoming this tolerance mechanism.
A new anthrax capsule vaccine protects monkeys from lethal infection, offering a non-toxin alternative to current vaccines. The vaccine works by inducing anti-capsule antibody responses and is expected to be effective against vaccine-resistant strains of anthrax.
A team of researchers has pinpointed an amino acid variation in the immune response gene DRB1 as a key factor in ulcerative colitis. This association was confirmed using sophisticated association techniques and suggests that the gene plays a significant role in determining the human immune response to extracellular antigens.
Researchers at the Trudeau Institute have discovered a new properties of a potential vaccine adjuvant that suggests it could be useful for enhancing protection against a number of different infections. The discovery provides a promising lead for developing a new class of vaccines.
Researchers found that additional matching for HLA-C significantly lowered transplant-related deaths after umbilical cord blood transplants. The study suggests that altering present selection strategies for cord-blood units might ameliorate excess transplant-related mortality.
Researchers at National Jewish Health found that T-cell receptors from mice continue to function with shark, frog, and trout receptor pieces substituted in. This interaction between the T cell and MHC molecules is crucial for immune defense and organ transplants.
Two new risk indicators for prostate cancer have been identified, showing an association between benign prostatic hyperplasia and an increased risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer. Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in healthy men also predict long-term risk of developing prostate cancer.
Researchers have devised a novel strategy for developing rapid, inexpensive diagnostic tests for microbial infections by identifying soluble microbial antigens. The InMAD system successfully identified antigens for biothreats Burkholderia pseudomallei and Francisella tularensis.
A retrospective cohort study examines the relationship between HLA-DR mismatching and rejection in pediatric kidney transplant patients. The study found that patients with 1- or 2-HLA-DRB1 mismatches had a 70% increased risk of allograft rejection, while those with a history of rejection had a 7.7 times greater odds of graft failure.
A Phase I clinical trial found that the experimental vaccine ICT-107 targets six antigens found on glioblastoma cells and three on cancer stem cells, improving immune responses and progression-free survival rates in patients. The study also showed that targeting these antigens may be a viable strategy for treating glioblastoma.
Developing vaccines against diseases with extensive antigenic variability, such as HIV and malaria, poses significant technical challenges. Tailored vaccination programmes based on individual genetic predispositions could increase safety and efficacy.
Researchers developed a novel form of radioimmunotherapy that targets antigens associated with renal cell carcinoma. Patients receiving up to three doses show dramatic slowing of cancer growth and stabilization of their disease. The therapy, Lu-177-cG250, targets kidney tumors with high effectiveness for reducing cancer proliferation.
A study by Dr. Ardythe Morrow at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center found that preterm infants with a specific genetic variant (FUT2) are more likely to experience bad outcomes, including death and sepsis. The researchers identified a link between low levels of 'H antigen' in saliva and increased risk of disease progression.
T cell receptors first bind with antigen on pathogen-invaded cell, triggering signaling process that amplifies effect. Co-receptor plays key role in discrimination process, contributing to stronger binding when combined with T cell receptor.
Researchers identify potential antibody biomarkers for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis using synthetic compounds. Synthetic peptoids capture immunoglobulin antibodies from blood samples with high accuracy.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a new epitope-mapping laboratory test that can pinpoint the unique binding site for disease-causing pathogens within three weeks. The test uses five essential proteins involved in antigen processing by immune system cells, speeding up the development of cancer vaccines and diagnostic...
A study found that men with low-risk prostate cancer often receive aggressive treatment, including surgery or radiation, even if their PSA levels are low. The researchers suggest that lowering the biopsy threshold for men with PSA levels below 4 nanograms per milliliter could lead to an increase in unnecessary treatments.
Scientists found that M. tuberculosis antigens remain unchanged and homogenous, unlike many viruses and parasites, allowing the bacteria to be transmitted from person to person.
Researchers at Yale University found that carbon nanotubes cause T cell antigens to cluster in high concentrations, stimulating the body's natural immune response. This breakthrough could improve current adoptive immunotherapy for cancer treatment by increasing T cell proliferation.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute have created novel mouse models that accurately reflect the immune system's response to pathogens. The models use somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to create mice from single T cells primed for toxoplasmosis, allowing for a more precise study of the immune system.
A new study challenges existing knowledge about the kinetics of T cell receptors, finding that interactions with potent antigens are short-lived and occur rapidly. The research uses two techniques to analyze receptor-antigen interactions on cell surfaces, revealing a broader dynamic range than previous studies.
A Notre Dame study highlights the role of dynamic motion by proteins involved in the body's immune response. The research found that different antigens produce distinct motions, complicating but also simplifying recognition by T-cell receptors.
Research synthesizes data from various studies on anti-merozoite antibody responses and their link to protection against clinical malaria. Merozoite antigens are key targets of protective immunity, with antibodies to MSP-3, MSP-119, and AMA1 offering substantial protection.
A study analyzing 429 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma found associations between hepatitis B infection, CA19-9 levels, and lymph node metastases. Radical resection is a key prognostic factor for ICC, and future research should focus on evaluating molecule-targeted therapy.
A Scripps Research Institute study describes a new approach to identifying molecules that prevent autoreactive T cells from attacking the body. The method uses peptoids to visualize binding antibodies and has the potential to create new therapeutic discoveries for autoimmune diseases like MS and blood cancers.
A study of over 2500 pregnant women found that those in long-term relationships with their biological fathers were less likely to develop pre-eclampsia and have undersized babies. Prolonged exposure to paternal antigens may induce tolerance in the maternal immune system, reducing the risk of these conditions.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute discovered that T cell receptors are mechanosensors that rely on sheer mechanical force to shift between scanning and fighting modes. This fundamental understanding may lead to the development of precisely targeted therapies for cancers and infections, eliminating harsh side effects.
A study published in Virology demonstrates that the ancient pathogen cowpox still has much to teach us about developing novel vaccines. Researchers identified 9 new protective components of the virus, which offered superior protection in a mouse model compared to existing vaccines.
A new protein conjugate vaccine, PCV7, has been found to produce superior immune responses in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to the currently accepted vaccine, PPSV23. The study suggests that PCV7 may offer improved protection against respiratory disease in COPD patients at risk for pneumonia.
Researchers are testing a tumor-specific protein called recombinant human melanoma antigen A3 (MAGE-A3) to track down and kill cancer cells in patients with recurring melanoma. The study aims to generate a search-and-destroy program targeting deadly melanoma cells through the immune system.
A study found that babies exposed to malaria before birth are more susceptible to the disease and anemia, while others develop a tolerant phenotype. This finding has implications for malaria vaccine design and prevention strategies during pregnancy.
Researchers from the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research found that Beta-Interferon facilitates faster immune reactions against microbial and viral threats by regulating antigen presentation. Low levels of Beta-Interferon before infection can lead to a stronger immune response, known as priming.
Scientists have identified PLA2R, a protein found in normal human glomeruli, as the target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. This discovery holds promise for developing a blood test to replace kidney biopsies and determining which patients are most likely to benefit from immunosuppressive treatment.
T cells wear out during chronic infections due to limited presentation of viral antigens. Mice studies show altered MHC class I molecules on blood and immune system cells but missing from other cells, leading to exhaustion.
A new study reveals that double-lung transplants significantly improve long-term survival rates compared to single lung transplants. The research found that immune system matching and college education also play crucial roles in extending life after lung transplant surgery.
Research suggests that dendritic cells are essential for generating and maintaining immunological tolerance. Without these cells, the immune system fails to distinguish between self and foreign substances, leading to autoimmune responses. This study highlights the critical role of dendritic cells in protecting against autoimmune diseases.
The Scripps Research team has developed a new technique to screen large antibody libraries against targets, enabling the acceleration of searches for new treatments against cancer and other diseases. This breakthrough allows for efficient access to the vast potential of synthetic antibodies.
Dutch biologist Suzanne van Helden discovered that immune cells lose their adhesive feet before migrating to lymph nodes, allowing them to move faster. This process enables mature dendritic cells to quickly activate T cells and tackle infections.
A recent study found that statin use is associated with a decline in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, suggesting potential benefits for prostate cancer screening and management. The study, which analyzed data from over 1,200 men, showed a median decline of 4.1% in PSA levels after starting statin therapy.
Researchers enhance the body's ability to fight cancer by boosting killer T cells' activity and keeping them alive longer. The new approach has shown promise in treating cancer patients with fewer side effects than existing treatments.
Kidney transplant specialists at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed innovative laboratory techniques to improve opportunities for highly sensitized patients. The new technology uses solid phase assays to predict patient risk and improve transplant success rates.
A new nano vaccine for hepatitis B has been developed to address the drawbacks of current vaccines, which require refrigeration and can cause side effects. The vaccine uses a needle-free nasal delivery method and has been shown to be effective in producing strong immune responses in animal studies.
A new therapy developed at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center improves transplant rates and outcomes for patients awaiting living- and deceased-donor kidney transplantation. The combination of IVIG and rituximab offers superior benefits to IVIG alone, improving transplant rates to 80 percent of treated patients.
The researchers have developed a biologically engineered organism that can effectively deliver an antigen in the body using live salmonella bacterium. The new method is a major step forward in developing a means of biological containment for vaccine delivery, making vaccines more affordable for developing countries.
A retrospective cohort study found complex gender interactions in kidney transplantation outcomes, with female donors having a higher rate of graft loss and female recipients experiencing a lower rate of graft failure. The study suggests considering sex in future studies and decisions on organ allocation to optimize transplant success.
Researchers successfully treated a patient with Stage 4 melanoma using cloned infection-fighting T cells, achieving long-term remission. The treatment showed promising results, with the entire tumor regressing despite only 50% of tumor cells expressing the targeted antigen.
A new study presents radioimmunotherapy targeting viral antigens as a novel option to treat or prevent many viral cancers. The therapy offers 'exquisite specificity' in targeting cancer cells expressing viral antigens, allowing for more precise diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at Tufts University have discovered how cell surface receptors cooperate to generate immune responses, revealing the importance of integrin VLA-4 in facilitating signal transmission. This understanding is crucial for developing interventions to enhance or inhibit immune responses, particularly in autoimmune diseases.
A protein sequence associated with Huntington's disease has been identified as a potential life-saving vaccine component. The polyQ-based adjuvant efficiently enhances both branches of the immune response to a poor model antigen, with no apparent toxicity in mice.