Articles tagged with Immunity
A new study found that certain gut bacteria, such as Bacteroides species, have acquired large immunity gene clusters to neutralize toxins from other bacteria. These clusters are actively acquiring new genes to protect against emerging threats.
New research from UChicago shows how genetic differences in the immune system shape the collections of bacteria that colonize the digestive system. Genetic variations in innate immunity play a key role in determining microbial composition.
A researcher at the University of Kansas is exploring the potential of 3D-biomimetic-tissue-engineered exosomes for understanding long-distance cellular communications that control our immune systems. The goal is to develop a molecular-engineering approach to speed development of immunotherapy treatments.
A new study has gained insights into the mechanism of vaccine-induced T cell immunity, shedding light on the regulation, gene expression, and metabolic pathways of T cells. The discovery of a marker, TfR1, suggests that T cell immunity depends on specific metabolites.
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that pain-sensing nerves in the skin can detect pathogens and initiate an immune response to fight infection. The discovery reveals a new nerve-driven protective mechanism called anticipatory immunity, which prevents infections from spreading.
Scientists have discovered a newly found function of the US11 protein that impairs antibody immunity, allowing human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to evade white blood cells and potentially leading to birth defects and immune system dysfunction. This breakthrough has significant therapeutic prospects for treating autoimmune diseases like lupus.
A genome-wide search has revealed genetic variants linked to varying antibody levels after childhood vaccines, potentially informing personalized vaccine strategies. The study identifies two genetic loci associated with the persistence of vaccine-induced immunity.
Researchers will study how young children's immune systems respond to initial influenza infection and vaccination, aiming to understand immune memory and develop more effective vaccines. The studies may uncover insights into 'immunologic imprinting' and its impact on future infections.
Researchers develop nanovaccine using pyridine functionalized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) material, overcoming restricted immune response in mice with gut-initiated metabolic syndrome. The study explores the interrelationship between nanomaterials, immune responses and the microbiome.
Researchers found that prior dengue virus immunity reduces risk of Zika infection and severity of symptoms in a Brazilian favela study. Nearly 73% of community residents were infected with ZIKV during the outbreak.
A new study from Yale University confirms that people with antibodies to dengue virus were less likely to become infected with Zika during the 2015 outbreak. This finding highlights the importance of dengue immunity in preventing Zika transmission and potentially reducing outbreaks in tropical regions.
A study led by the Brazilian Ministry of Health found that dengue immunity can protect against Zika infection in human populations. In a cohort of 1,453 residents, those with dengue antibodies had a 9% reduction in risk of Zika infection for each doubling of antibody titers.
Researchers at CNIC discovered a daily cycle that regulates neutrophil activation, protecting against infection but potentially causing damage to the cardiovascular system. The study suggests that manipulating this clock could lead to new treatments for patients at risk of cardiovascular events or infections.
Researchers found that prior and recent dengue virus infection was associated with protection from symptomatic Zika virus infection in a pediatric cohort. However, previous exposure did not affect the rate of total Zika virus infection. The study suggests that prior dengue virus immunity might cross-protect against symptomatic Zika.
A new study found that prior dengue virus infection in children may be protective against symptomatic Zika virus infection. The research, published in PLOS Medicine, involved over 3,000 children aged 2-14 years and showed that those with a history of dengue infection had a lower risk of being symptomatic when infected with Zika.
Researchers at University of Otago have discovered that bacteria can use 'slipped spacers' to boost their immunity against viruses, which may hold promise for biotechnology applications and alternative treatments for infectious diseases. This finding could also impact the dairy industry by preventing bacterial resistance to phages.
Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have identified a potential Zika vaccine that induces strong T-cell responses and substantial protection without producing antibodies. This breakthrough could be a 'huge leap' for immunology, potentially overcoming the obstacle of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease.
Scientists have assembled a searchable database of normal human immunity, using 83 studies to create a comparison group for immune system and immune dysfunction research. The data reveals new findings on the differences in immune cells between men and women, as well as between people of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.
Researchers have discovered a central signal sorting hub in plants that fine tunes growth and immunity in line with key seasonal cues, revealing the existence of DET1 and COP1 proteins in plant defense.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that dengue immunity provides cross-protection against Zika virus in mouse models. The research shows that cytotoxic T cells mobilized by dengue infection can combat the devastating effects of Zika infection on fetal brain development.
A new commentary suggests that understanding coral immunity can help identify corals better able to withstand climate change. Researchers propose a model of coral susceptibility, where investing in immunity enables corals to tolerate more damage before initiating an immune response.
A new study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B suggests that many species have evolved to prioritize growth over immunity during maturation, leading to increased susceptibility to infections in juveniles. This phenomenon is predicted to be lowest when organisms have lifespans that are neither too short nor too long.
UGA and UConn Health researchers uncover how CRISPR-Cas systems recognize viruses, create molecular memory, and confer immunity. The study reveals the essential role of Cas4 proteins in governing this process.
A unique initiative will bring together over 250 researchers at McGill and the MUHC to develop innovative solutions to infectious diseases. The project will focus on four major themes: antimicrobial resistance, emerging and re-emerging diseases, infections in vulnerable populations, and diseases of altered immunity.
A team of researchers from the University of Toronto has developed a portable, reconfigurable lab-on-a-chip diagnostic platform that can gauge immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases among vulnerable populations. The platform was validated at a refugee camp in Kenya and showed promising results in detecting measles and rubella.
Two new studies presented at the Experimental Biology 2018 meeting found that consuming dark chocolate with a high concentration of cacao (minimally 70% cacao) has positive effects on stress levels, inflammation, mood, memory and immunity. The flavonoids in cacao are believed to support cognitive, endocrine and cardiovascular health.
A recent resurgence in mumps cases in the US is attributed to declining immune protection from the mumps vaccine. Researchers propose a booster dose at age 18 as a potential solution to maintain population immunity and control outbreaks.
A new analysis from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health suggests that waning immunity is a major factor in the recent mumps resurgence among young adults in the US. The study found that vaccine-derived immune protection against mumps persists for approximately 27 years after the last dose.
The new Shingrix vaccine has been shown to be more than 90% effective in protecting against the herpes zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles. The vaccine stimulates production of immune memory cells, generating a strong and sustained protection against the virus.
A study found that incomplete immunity to a pathogen in birds makes it stronger and more dangerous for its next victim. The findings suggest that imperfection can be deadly, and the results have implications for human health.
Researchers identified a single gene mutation that makes some people more susceptible to viral brain infections like encephalitis. The DBR1 gene affects mRNA splicing, impairing immunity in the brain stem and leading to virus invasion.
A UCL-led research team found that an excessive inflammation reaction in older people can obstruct the immune system, leading to weaker immune responses. Blocking this inflammation with a short-term anti-inflammatory pill increased the immune system's effectiveness.
Dr. Jeffrey Actor has been awarded $1.7 million to investigate a novel recombinant lactoferrin for use as a preclinical research tool to alter granuloma pathology in tuberculosis. This could limit development of lung disease and slow transmission of organisms between individuals.
A meta-analysis of hundreds of studies found a close relationship between parents' diet and offspring immunity across various animal species. The study suggests that poor nutrition can negatively impact disease resistance and that the effects of a parental diet can be inherited and maintained in offspring even on a normal diet.
Researchers developed a 4-in-1 flu shot that provides broad protection against influenza by targeting ancestral genes of four major strains. The vaccine was shown to be effective in mice, with those receiving the highest dose not getting sick.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University discovered a protein called ISX that helps balance vitamin A metabolism in the gut. Without this protein, mice develop severe inflammation and become immunocompromised, highlighting the link between diet and inflammatory diseases.
Researchers found that flu pandemics are more likely to emerge in late spring and early summer due to the temporary immune protection provided by seasonal flu. This narrow window for pandemic emergence can help public health agencies detect and respond to new viral threats.
A resident ocular microbiome, including bacteria like Staphylococci and Corynebacterium mastitidis, trains the developing immune system to fend off pathogens. This microbe induces the production of interleukin-17, a signaling protein critical for host defense.
Researchers at IMIM have found that immunoglobulin M plays a crucial role in regulating the diversity of intestinal flora, including beneficial microorganisms. The study highlights IgM's participation in an immunological memory system, enabling organisms to adapt to their microbial environment.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that mobilizing parent advocates through the Immunity Community program significantly improved vaccine-related attitudes, including increased confidence and knowledge about vaccination rates. The program empowered parents to communicate positively about vaccines without being confrontational.
A University of Alberta study found that babies from pet households had higher levels of microbes linked to lower allergy and obesity risks. Exposure to pets in the womb or after birth increased abundance of bacteria Ruminococcus and Oscillospira, which have been linked to reduced childhood allergies and obesity.
A new study found that Ebola vaccines provide durable immune responses at one year after vaccination, with 100% of recipients retaining Ebola virus glycoprotein-specific antibodies. The heterologous primary and booster vaccination schedule showed long-lasting immunity, exceeding eight months after primary immunization.
A recent study published in Immunity reveals how killer cells coordinate with dendritic cells to create an army of immune cells. The research, conducted by the University of Bonn, found that killer cells form a team and trigger chemical signals to recruit other cell types, leading to a coordinated and strong immune response.
A new genomics study of shark DNA reveals unique modifications in immunity genes that may underlie rapid wound healing and possibly higher resistance to cancers. The research found modified legumain and Bag1 genes, which have counterparts in humans where overexpression is associated with cancers.
Researchers found that persistent infections stimulate the immune system, keeping it primed and ready for future encounters. This leads to long-term immunity, but also carries risks of reactivation and disease. The study aims to design vaccines that elicit life-long immunity without sterilizing the pathogen.
Researchers discovered that bacteria can gauge population density through quorum sensing and boost their CRISPR-Cas immune systems in response, providing new insight into bacterial collective immunity. This ability enables bacteria to preemptively elevate their immunity when most at risk of a virus spreading.
A new study linked Florida's 'Stand Your Ground' self-defense law to a 24% increase in homicide rates and 31% rise in firearm-related injuries from 2005-2014. The research suggests the law's extension of lethal force rights in public led to increased violence, particularly among young adults and white populations.
Houston Methodist researchers identified a set of immune proteins that facilitate long-lasting immunity against malaria. The study found that elevated production of specific proteins regulating the immune system within 24 hours of infection was required for sustained anti-malaria immunity.
Researchers found that specific IFNL3 and HLA-DPB1 genes are linked to a boost in immunity to hepatitis C after childbirth. Women carrying these genes experienced sharp declines in blood viral levels, improved T-cell activity, and better control of the virus after delivery.
Schmallenberg virus is unlikely to be circulating in southern England, but its reappearance is possible as herd immunity decreases. The virus causes mild clinical signs in adult cattle and can damage the fetus in pregnant females, leading to abortions, stillbirths, and congenital defects.
A UC Riverside-led study reveals that mother's milk contributes to the development of a baby's own immune system by transferring maternal immune cells. This process, known as 'maternal educational immunity,' enables the baby to gain immunity against infectious agents through exposure to its mother's environment.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed two successful Zika vaccines that protect against neurological damage in newborn mice. The microneedle array vaccine showed significant protection, while the adenovirus-based vaccine was used as a proof-of-principle vaccine to test the envelope protein antigen.
A new study identifies countries in Africa and Asia at greatest risk of Zika virus transmission due to climate, mosquito presence, and large populations. The analysis highlights India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Nigeria, Vietnam, Pakistan, and Bangladesh as top countries, emphasizing the need for public health decision-making support.
A Penn-led team developed an oral vaccine booster that confers immunity against all three serotypes of polio, using a plant-based system to express a protein found in the polio virus. The vaccine induces mucosal and systemic immunity, neutralizing all three serotypes and offering a potential solution to global eradication efforts.
A recent model-based study suggests that the current Zika epidemic in Latin America will likely peak within three years, with subsequent herd immunity preventing future outbreaks. The authors also emphasize the importance of targeted mosquito control measures, which may actually hinder herd immunity.
A dengue vaccine has the potential to substantially reduce disease burden if it induces long-lasting immunity. Researchers found that a durable vaccine, with booster doses, can reduce annual dengue incidence by up to 80% within five years.
A novel virus, Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), has been identified as the cause of massive tilapia die-offs in Israel and Ecuador, with significant implications for the global aquaculture industry. The discovery provides critical genomic and protein sequences necessary for disease detection, containment, and vaccine development.
Pathogens and Immunity, an online, open-access journal, simplifies the submission and review process, reducing it from one day to five minutes. Senior editors at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine revise biomedical publications standards in immunology and infectious diseases.
A 15-year study in Kilifi, Kenya found that vaccination reduces the chance of Hib disease by 93% and provides long-lasting protection. The current vaccine schedule is effective without a booster dose, suggesting no need for extra doses.
Scientists reveal that inflammatory molecules driving the immune response in clinical and severe malaria also prevent protective antibodies from developing against the parasite. This discovery could lead to new approaches for boosting key immune cells needed for long-lasting immunity.