Articles tagged with Human Gut Microbiota
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found an association between appendix removal and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer positive for the bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum. The study involved large prospective cohort studies and analyzed data from over 139,000 participants.
Researchers at the University of Trento have identified a collection of molecular tools to rewrite DNA, including a compact Cas9 enzyme from the human microbiome. The discovery has potential for gene therapy applications and could speed up the development of therapies for genetic diseases.
Researchers found that altering a male mouse's gut microbiota increases the probability of low birth weight and premature death in their offspring. The study suggests a 'gut-germline axis' exists, connecting the gut microbiota to the germline and potentially influencing inherited traits.
Researchers found that cranberry extracts can stimulate beneficial bacteria in the gut, reducing inflammation and improving the prognosis of chronic diseases. The study suggests that cranberries may be a useful addition to a balanced diet in preventing or managing conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Scientists at DTU and Lund University have found new enzymes that can remove both the A and B blood antigens and their blocking sugars, enabling the production of universal donor blood. This breakthrough has the potential to reduce logistics and costs associated with storing four different blood types.
Researchers found that vitamin D encourages the growth of a type of gut bacteria in mice which improves immunity to cancer. Mice given a diet rich in vitamin D had better immune resistance to experimentally transplanted cancers and improved responses to immunotherapy treatment.
A new study reveals that gut microbiota significantly impacts host amino acid and glucose metabolism, leading to a second liver-like function. The research identifies specific bacterial metabolic genes responsible for depleting amino acids, which can be targeted to treat conditions such as type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease.
Millions of gamers worldwide contribute to reconstructing microbial evolutionary histories using a minigame in Borderlands 3, significantly refining estimates of human gut microbes. This collaboration lays groundwork for improved AI programs and advances knowledge of the microbiome.
The study found that the carbon beads were effective in restoring gut health and had a positive impact on liver, kidney and brain function in rats and mice. The beads were also tested on 28 cirrhosis patients and proved to be safe with negligible side effects.
Scientists have identified specific species of cholesterol-metabolizing bacteria in people with lower cholesterol levels, potentially leading to new treatments for cardiovascular disease. The study found that certain bacteria in the Oscillibacter genus take up and metabolize cholesterol, resulting in lower cholesterol levels.
A randomized controlled trial reveals that infant gut microbiomes oscillate with a circadian rhythm, detectable as early as 2 weeks after birth. Diet has less impact on the development and composition of the infant microbiome than previously thought.
Researchers found that synbiotics, a combination of prebiotics and paraprobiotics, improved the gut microbiome of Magellanic penguins, reducing inflammation and enhancing overall health. The study also revealed that parasynbiotics can modulate inflammatory responses in penguins.
Microbiota analysis involves examining the composition, diversity, abundance, distribution, evolution and functions of microorganisms. By analyzing the microbiota, we can gain invaluable insights for disease diagnosis, predict disease progression and tailor treatments to individual needs.
Researchers analyzed well-preserved microbiomes from 4,000-year-old teeth in Ireland, providing a snapshot of oral health in the past. The study found evidence of dysbiosis and an unusual abundance of S. mutans bacteria, suggesting that our ancestors' mouths differed significantly from ours.
A research team identified a specific regulatory RNA molecule that influences the bacterium's sensitivity to tetracycline antibiotics, providing new insights into bacterial adaptation and informing strategies for preventing collateral damage to beneficial bacteria.
A study of two large European patient cohorts found that increased abundance of butyrate-producing gut bacteria is associated with reduced risk of hospitalization for infections. Each 10% increase in these bacteria resulted in a 14-25% lower risk of hospitalization, regardless of demographics or comorbidities.
The fungus C. albicans uses both yeast and hyphae forms to colonize the intestine efficiently when a complex bacterial community is present. The hyphal form produces Candidalysin, which inhibits bacterial metabolism, giving the fungus a competitive advantage.
Researchers found a link between low fiber diets, mucin-degrading bacteria, and increased inflammation in mice with IBD genetics. A high-fiber diet prevented inflammation and even reversed symptoms in some cases.
A new study reveals that humans are losing important cellulose-degrading microbes in their gut microbiome, especially in industrial societies. The loss of these microbes is linked to a shift away from fiber-rich diets, which are essential for maintaining a balanced intestinal flora.
Researchers at RIKEN found that gut bacteria, particularly Bifidobacterium, are associated with higher chances of successful milk-allergy treatment. However, only 7 out of 28 children who underwent oral immunotherapy passed the food challenge after a two-week milk avoidance period.
A new study has revealed that burn injuries significantly alter the composition of the gut microbiota and weaken the intestinal mucus barrier. The research, published in Burns & Trauma, employed advanced sequencing techniques to analyze the effects of burn injury on the gut microbiota and mucus barrier in mice.
Direct-to-consumer microbiome testing services claim to reveal a person's 'healthy' microbiome, but researchers argue that there is no scientifically agreed-upon definition and no clinical proof of effectiveness. The authors call for federal regulation and standards for analytical validity, reporting, and comparative testing.
Researchers found that secreted products from certain bacteria strains can reduce inflammation in gut-derived cell lines and improve airway health in mice with cystic fibrosis. The study suggests probiotics could be beneficial for kids with CF, providing a potential proof of concept.
A study found that maternal obesity increases the risk of developing liver disease and liver cancer in offspring, due to the transmission of an altered gut microbiota. The risk is significantly higher in mice fed a junk food diet, highlighting the importance of microbiome health.
A Stanford Medicine-led study tracked the gut, mouth, nose and skin bacteria of 86 people for up to six years, revealing a unique microbiome in each individual. The researchers found that bacteria most particular to an individual were the most stable, contradicting previous assumptions.
Researchers have identified specific bacterial strains linked to a positive response to combination immunotherapy in rare gynaecological cancers, biliary tract cancers, and melanoma. A microbiome signature can predict individual responses to treatment, paving the way for personalized medicine and next-generation probiotics.
Researchers found unique bacteria taxa in normal-weight children vs overweight/obese children, suggesting BPA promotes different microbial communities. Gut microbiota responds differently to BPA exposure depending on BMI.
New research reveals that lockdowns had a significant impact on the gut microbiome development of babies born during these periods. Babies born during lockdown periods showed lower rates of allergic conditions compared to pre-pandemic babies, likely due to reduced infection and increased breastfeeding.
Researchers at Penn State have identified a bacterial enzyme, bile salt hydrolase, that produces new bile acid species in humans at birth, coinciding with the establishment of the gut microbiome. This discovery opens up new avenues for exploring the role of bile acids in human health and disease.
Research suggests a positive association between high diversity of gut bacteria, Segatella species, and cardiovascular health. Men who have sex with men tend to have higher bacterial diversity, which may be linked to their microbiome being more similar to non-Westernized populations.
A new mouse study reveals that the gut microbiome interacts with the loss of female sex hormones to exacerbate metabolic disease. The research suggests that the gut microbiome contributes to weight gain, fat in the liver, and inflammation, particularly in women after menopause.
The discovery reveals that microbes can conjugate bile acids beyond glycine and taurine, increasing diversity and function of bile acids. This challenges scientific dogmas and raises questions about the role of bacteria in gut health.
Researchers found a significant connection between disrupted gut microbiomes, increased intestinal permeability, and faster biological aging in people living with chronic HIV infection. The study highlights specific bacteria as potential accelerators of aging, opening new avenues for developing strategies to mitigate these effects.
Recent research by scientists at Boyce Thompson Institute reveals that a specific fatty acid produced by gut bacteria directly influences fat metabolism in animals. This discovery sheds light on the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host metabolic health.
A study found that antibiotic use and high-fat diets reduced Clostridia gut microbes, leading to sorbitol intolerance. Restoring the balance with mesalazine may treat the condition.
Researching astronauts' microbiomes is vital for long-term space missions, as the space environment can disrupt balance and have adverse consequences. Studying microorganisms in space can also aid in developing technologies like space agriculture and antimicrobial agents.
Researchers will analyze publicly available data using machine learning and computational methods to identify key species in a healthy microbial community. They plan to use this information to design a healthy microbiome model and assess its response to diseases, which could lead to targeted therapies and improved medication absorption.
A study found that a common food preservative called nisin, which kills pathogens in food, also harms beneficial gut bacteria. The researchers identified six different lantibiotics produced by the gut microbiome and tested their effects on both pathogens and commensal bacteria.
Researchers at Georgia State University found that segmented filamentous bacteria in the gut protect mice from severe respiratory viral infections. The study showed that this bacterial species alters immune cells in the lungs to resist infection, with potential implications for human diseases like COVID-19.
Researchers found that specific microbes in the gut reduce graft versus host disease after stem cell transplantation. Patients with low microbial metabolite risk index had better survival rates, fewer graft vs. host reactions, and reduced relapses.
Cancer immunotherapy can cause severe colitis due to hyper-activated immune T cells and deleted regulatory T cells. Researchers at Michigan Medicine have identified a new mouse model that develops colitis after treatment with antibodies used for tumor immunotherapy, revealing the mechanism behind this side effect.
Research reveals bacteria in human gut use diverse enzymes to generate energy from organic compounds, producing metabolites with implications for human health. The study identifies 22 alternative metabolites used by three families of gut bacteria, showcasing their remarkable adaptability.
Researchers established a molecular link between specific B12-producing gut bacteria and acetylcholine production in C. elegans, a neurotransmitter important to memory and cognitive function. A diet rich in these bacteria reduced seizure-like behavior in mutant worms by restoring excitatory/inhibitory balance.
A new study by University of California Riverside researchers found that high-fat diets affect not only obesity and colon cancer but also the immune system, brain function, and potentially COVID-19 risk. The study, which analyzed genetic changes in mice fed different types of fat, showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil ...
Researchers identify microbial enzyme bilirubin reductase that converts bilirubin into urobilinogen, causing urine's yellow color. The discovery sheds light on the gut microbiome's role in ailments like jaundice and IBD.
A recent study found that alterations in the human microbiome, including those in the gut, urinary, and salivary tracts, are linked to kidney stone formation. The research team discovered changes in these microbiomes were common among patients with kidney stones.
A study of 25 obese Chinese individuals reveals that intermittent energy restriction (IER) alters the gut microbiome and brain activity, leading to significant weight loss and reductions in obesity-related comorbidities. The changes are coupled over time, suggesting a complex relationship between the gut microbiome and brain.
A phase-one human clinical trial shows that Omadacycline causes a distinctly different effect on the gut microbiome than Vancomycin, making it a safe drug option for patients at high risk for C diff infection. The antibiotic achieves high concentrations in the gut quickly, reducing the risk of long-term colonization.
A new UCLA study found that the ketogenic diet alters key gut microbiome functions related to fatty acid oxidation and amino acid metabolism in pediatric epilepsy patients. These changes confer seizure resistance in mice when transplanted fecal matter is used, holding promise for new microbiome-based therapies.
Researchers at University of Chicago Medical Center discovered a correlation between gut microbiome composition and postoperative infections in liver transplant patients. The study found that metabolites in fecal samples could predict infection risk with high accuracy, providing a potential diagnostic tool.
Research at University of Oxford found that diverse gut bacteria communities can block the growth of harmful pathogens, with certain species playing a crucial role. The communities work by consuming nutrients needed by the pathogen, and increasing diversity boosts protection.
Researchers identified naturally occurring biochemical components and key bacterial strains that process these components in a new therapeutic food. The study suggests that identifying these components can guide treatment with the current food formulation and enable creation of new, more effective formulations.
Researchers found correlations between flaxseed diets and changes in the gut microbiome and mammary gland miRNA profiles. Flaxseed lignans were shown to modify the relationship between the microbiota and miRNAs to be non-cancer causing.
A review article links pesticide exposure to an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease through alterations in the gut microbiota. The authors recommend reducing or replacing agrochemicals and implementing coordinated efforts to develop standardized biomarkers for gut integrity and microbiome changes.
Researchers developed a new framework to predict how microbes interact with each other in unique compositions. Most microbes had minimal impact on the final outcome, with only select few playing crucial roles. The model has potential applications in personalized medicine and understanding microbiome assembly.
Researchers have combined 14 studies on piglet gut bacteria to uncover common patterns in microbiome development over time. The analysis revealed predictable trajectories and important details at a fine time scale, with an accuracy of 70% in predicting animal age based on microbiomes.
Researchers found that 1,8-cineole inhibits inflammatory pathways in the gut, while ginsenoside Rk2 alleviates liver inflammation and restores intestinal barrier function. Another compound, specnuezhenide, modifies gut microbiota and has potential to inhibit colorectal tumor growth.
Scientists have identified a key genetic factor, abfA cluster, responsible for improving gut motility and alleviating constipation. The study found that Bifidobacteria longum strains with the abfA cluster can enhance arabinan utilization, leading to improved gastrointestinal transit time.
A new data-driven framework uses machine learning to identify keystone microbial species in human gut microbiomes, varying across communities. The study found that keystone species have context-dependent essentiality and can aid digestion, breaking down complex starches.
A new study has identified three novel viruses that target specific bacterial hosts in the human gut, paving the way for more effective phage therapy to combat antimicrobial resistance. The discovery could lead to new methods of improving gut health and metabolism.