Articles tagged with Human Microbiota
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new review argues that most intestinal parasite infections have no negative impact in well-nourished people with low overall parasite loads. In some cases, parasite infections could activate the immune system and prevent disorders caused by inflammation of the intestines.
A new computational method has uncovered closely related, previously indistinguishable bacteria living in different parts of the human mouth. The study provides high taxonomic resolution of bacterial communities, revealing distinct bacteria in saliva, tongue, gums, plaque, and tonsils with unique properties.
Scientists applied a new oligotyping technique to analyze the human oral microbiome, identifying over 300 oligotypes and discovering closely related species with distinct habitat distributions. This approach provides deep insight into the microbial communities in health and disease.
Researchers have developed a protocol for collecting saliva and stool samples for genomic and transcriptomic analyses, eliminating the need for specialized personnel and facilities. This method provides critical insight into the genetic makeup of the microbiome and its association with diseases such as celiac disease, oral cancer, and ...
A new study has found that the human hand microbiome varies depending on location and lifestyle. The research compared microbes from women in the US and Tanzania, revealing different dominant bacterial species associated with environment, soil, and indoor lifestyles.
A new study by the University of Michigan reveals that there is no single healthy microbiome, but rather a unique and varied collection of bacteria for each person. The research found that various factors such as diet, environment, medication use, and life history influence the types of bacteria present.
Researchers discovered a 'microbial Pompeii' in ancient dental calculus, revealing opportunistic pathogens and periodontal disease-causing bacteria. The study also recovered dietary DNA, providing insights into ancient diets and the origins of antibiotic resistance.
Scientists identify correlation between genetic variation and microbiome composition, suggesting role of host immunity in bacteria levels across the body. The study highlights the complex interaction between human genetics and the microbiome, with potential implications for disease susceptibility.
The FDA's current regulatory framework for probiotics may discourage research on new products with therapeutic benefits. To address this, researchers recommend the FDA modify its characterization of probiotics and introduce an 'abbreviated' process for certain types of probiotic products, such as probiotic foods and dietary supplements.
The NIH has launched the first phase of the Microbiome Cloud Project, a collaboration with Amazon Web Services that provides a free public dataset of genetic information on microbes. This initiative aims to facilitate analysis and discovery by reducing computing infrastructure and technical expertise requirements.
A new CU-Boulder-led study suggests that a microbial clock, tracking bacterial changes after death, could be a powerful tool for estimating time of death. The researchers were able to pinpoint the time of mouse death within four days using high-tech gene sequencing techniques.
A recent study found that environmental conditions play a stronger role in shaping the human microbiome than competition between species. The researchers used computer models to predict nutrient and energy metabolism and estimated interactions between microbes, revealing that species tend to co-exist with those they strongly compete for.
A study found that a Mediterranean diet causes a decrease in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Each individual has a unique microbial profile, like a fingerprint, which remains true even after diet manipulation.
This special issue of Technology and Innovation explores transformative health care technologies, reducing costs and improving outcomes. Researchers have developed automated educational interventions to analyze prescription data, creating health outcomes indices to measure patient outcomes over time.
A new CU-Boulder study found that parents tend to share more bacterial communities with their family dogs than with their children. The research, which analyzed microbial samples from 60 American families including canines, highlights the impact of environmental exposure on human microbiome composition.
A genetic analysis of local bed bug populations reveals two dominant bacterial types that could be exploited for biological pest control methods. The study found that 97% of the microbial community is made up of these bacteria, which may serve beneficial functions for the bed bugs' growth and reproduction.
Researchers found that bacterial communities on roller derby players predict team membership and become significantly more similar when opposing teams compete. The study highlights the potential for contact sports to influence our microbiome, with implications for healthcare and disease transmission.
The Human Microbiome Project is a major scientific effort to study the microbial communities within humans, with potential insights into diseases and disorders. The study, published in The FASEB Journal, provides a comprehensive reference set of microbiome specimens and lays a foundation for future research.
The University of Colorado Boulder's American Gut project has raised over $340,000 through crowdfunding to sequence the gut bacteria of thousands of people worldwide. The initiative aims to understand how diet and lifestyle affect human health and disease, with potential implications for autoimmune diseases and food allergies.
A University of Oklahoma study analyzed ancient DNA from human fecal samples to understand changes in the human gut microbiome. The results suggest that the last 100 years have seen a major shift in the human gut microbiome, with broader implications for modern health.
The American Gut project aims to characterize the microbes living in and on human bodies, with a focus on diet and lifestyle's impact on health. The public is encouraged to participate, and the study will analyze data from tens of thousands of individuals.
A new study of human twins suggests that environmental factors play a larger role in shaping the types of microbes in the mouth than genetic background. The research found that saliva samples from identical and fraternal twins showed similar microbial communities, indicating that environment contributes more to oral bacteria.
Chronic sinusitis may be caused by a loss of normal microbial diversity in the sinuses, which allows a specific bacterium to colonize and cause inflammation. Restoring natural protective bacteria could be an effective way to treat this condition.
A study found that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis have a depleted nasal microbiome and an overgrowth of Corynebacterium spp., which can induce pathophysiology consistent with sinusitis. Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus sakei, may inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and prevent infection.
The Forsyth team, led by experts in oral and craniofacial microbiology, contributed to the Human Microbiome Project's definition of normal bacterial makeup. The study found that microbes contribute more genes responsible for human survival than humans themselves, with an estimated 360-times more bacterial genes.
The Human Microbiome Project identified a diverse and abundant microbiota in healthy humans, with varying composition across body sites and individuals. Ethnic/racial background was found to be the strongest association for diversity in the Western human microbiome.
Researchers mapped the normal microbial make-up of healthy humans, identifying over 10,000 species and 8 million unique protein-coding genes contributed by human microbiome.
Researchers have identified over 10,000 microbial species living in humans and found that between 81-99% of genera were present in healthy adults. The study's findings highlight the role of beneficial microorganisms in maintaining health and provide insights into their functions.
A comprehensive census of the microbial make-up of healthy humans identified over 10,000 species of microbes occupying various body sites. The research found unique communities of microbes in every site, with skin hosting the most diverse collection, while teeth and gums had distinct microbiota profiles.
Researchers identified four types of bacterial communities in healthy adults at 10 sites along the digestive tract. They found a core set of metabolic genes present throughout, suggesting common functions needed for bacterial communities living on mucosal surfaces.
The Human Microbiome Project's findings reveal a complex network of microbial diversity, with an estimated 10,000 bacterial species in the human microbiome. The study challenges traditional health concepts by showing that there is not just one way to be healthy, but rather a range of 'just fine' communities.
The Human Microbiome Project Collection provides a comprehensive baseline of the microbial diversity at 18 human body sites, including reference genomes and metagenomic sequences. The studies examine relationships between the microbiome and host health, shedding light on conditions such as Crohn's disease and psoriasis.
Researchers have mapped the normal microbial makeup of healthy humans, revealing that nearly everyone carries pathogens but they cause no disease in healthy individuals. The human microbiome plays a vital role in human health and contributes to human metabolism.
Researchers from Indiana University have conducted the most in-depth genetic analysis of defense systems used by trillions of micro-organisms to fend off viruses. The study identifies 64 known and 86 novel types of CRISPRs, providing a history of past exposures to outside invaders like plasmids and bacteriophages.
A team of scientists from the Gladstone Institutes has contributed to a groundbreaking study that mapped the human microbiome, revealing over 10,000 microorganisms that live on and inside humans. The researchers used advanced DNA-sequencing techniques to identify individual microbes and their roles in human health.
Researchers mapped the normal microbial make-up of healthy humans, shedding light on vital tasks such as immune system support and food digestion. The study reveals a unique personal microbiome for each individual, with over 10,000 species occupying the human ecosystem.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that microbial communities on the skin influence attractiveness to mosquitoes. Individuals with lower diversity and higher abundance of bacteria were more attractive to Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquito, which plays a key role in malaria transmission.
Researchers developed a new fluorescent labeling technology to sort the human oral microbiome. The system revealed unexpected interactions between Prevotella and Actinomyces species, suggesting central roles in biofilm production.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center explore how gut bacteria influence cancer risk, suggesting early exposures to H. pylori may protect against gastric cancers later in life. The study also highlights the estrobolome, a framework for understanding estrogen's impact on cancer development.
Scientists present research on healthy microbes, mosquito-borne diseases prevention and E. coli food contamination. Researchers shed light on standing water mosquito breeding in cities and its impact on controlling larval mosquitoes. They also examine the complex relationships between humans and microbes in food production systems.
A study on human bellybutton microbiomes found diverse bacterial communities, similar to those on the skin, but also stable over time and between family members. The research used citizen science to collect and analyze 391 samples, shedding light on human health and environmental interactions.
A new study in Cell Metabolism reveals the microbiome's significant effects on metabolism in mice, highlighting butyrate as a primary energy source for colon cells. Butyrate levels have been linked to dietary and clinical implications, including colorectal cancer prevention.
Dr. Blaser and his team will investigate whether changes in the human microbiome as a result of antibiotic use have fueled the obesity epidemic. The grant will assess the roles of gastric and colonic microbiota related to hormones and metabolism in both humans and mice.
A team of scientists from Mayo Clinic, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and J. Craig Venter Institute are investigating the relationship between vaginal microbiota and preterm birth. They aim to identify microbial risk predictors for preterm birth using genomic information from the Human Microbiome Project.
A three-year grant from NIH will fund a UChicago-Argonne team developing single-cell confinement technology for cultivating microbes in the human gut microbiome. This project aims to overcome traditional cultivation limitations and target poorly understood sulfur-reducing bacteria associated with ulcerative colitis.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded $42 million to expand eight demonstration projects investigating the link between changes in the human microbiome and health, as part of the Human Microbiome Project. The expanded studies will also support technology development to improve microbiome identification and characterization.
The Human Microbiome Project has launched a centralized database for sequencing microbial genomes, providing a unique resource for future investigations. The HMP has cataloged over 1,400 individual human microbiome projects, enabling researchers to study the interactions between human and microbial cells.
The Baylor College of Medicine team has successfully sequenced 178 microbial reference genomes representative of the human body. These reference genomes will help scientists understand and contextualize the data accumulated over time, providing valuable insights into the complex relationship between humans and their microbiota.
Researchers have published the first genomic collection of human microbes, discovering novel genes and proteins serving key roles in human health and disease. The analysis found nearly twice the amount of microbial diversity as represented by existing public databases.
Recent advances in microbial genomics have enabled researchers to study the human microbiome, revealing its essential role in digestion and immune system development. The Human Microbiome Project aims to optimize the beneficial effects of microbiota for each individual, improving health outcomes.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center have discovered an altered type of microbiome dominated by Gram-negative bacteria in patients with esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. This finding may provide a new approach to understanding the pathogenesis of reflux-related disorders.
Two NYU Langone researchers will conduct pilot demonstration projects on microbiome and psoriasis and microbiome and esophageal cancer. The studies aim to assess the relationship between the skin or esophageal microbiome and disease progression.
The Human Microbiome Project is expanding its efforts to understand the relationship between the microbiome and human health. The NIH has awarded over $42 million to fund sequencing centers and disease projects, including studies on psoriasis, bacterial vaginosis, obesity, and Crohn's disease.
A global survey of salivary microbes found that the oral microbiome diversity among individuals is similar to that among people from different parts of the world. The study, led by Dr. Mark Stoneking, analyzed bacterial gene sequences from saliva samples from 120 healthy subjects across six geographic areas and compared them with a dat...
A recent study by Cecil Lewis at the University of Oklahoma reveals that ancient microbes can provide insights into modern human health. The researchers analyzed 1,300-year-old feces from Central Mexico and found them to be more geographically structured than modern microbiomes.
The NIH Human Microbiome Project awards funding to develop innovative technologies and computational tools for analyzing microbial communities in the human body. Researchers aim to improve understanding of how microbes interact with health and disease.
Researchers found a common core skin microbiome in healthy individuals, dominated by Proteobacteria species. The study establishes the basis for determining a core microbiome, which may hold the key to novel treatments for skin conditions like acne and atopic dermatitis.
The Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) is a free online compendium that provides detailed biological entries for each species and an extensive catalogue of the thousands of genes expressed by these microbes. The database aims to facilitate research into oral diseases such as tooth decay and periodontal disease.
The Human Oral Microbiome Database provides detailed information on the 600 most common mouth bacteria, their role in oral health and general well-being. The database links genetic data to scientific literature and allows for analysis of microbe genomes.
The Human Microbiome Project aims to understand the interactions between microorganisms and the human body, with potential applications for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases. The project will sequence microbial genomes from over 1,000 sources, including healthy volunteers and those with specific diseases.