Microbiota

Newly discovered microbial world helps protect developing lobsters

Genetic “bonus material” makes the gut bacterium Segatella copri oxygen-tolerant

Researchers identified functional differences in Segatella strains from different regions of the world. Genomes of Segatella copri with OxyR showed a hundred to thousand times higher oxygen tolerance than those without, suggesting horizontal gene transfer occurred several thousand years ago.

Head impacts associated with altered gut microbiome in football players

Researchers tracked six NCAA Division I football players over a season and found that non-concussive head impacts correlated with changes to the gut microbiome. The study suggests that even sub-symptomatic head impacts might affect the gut microbiome, both in the immediate aftermath of injury and over a longer time course.

Mothers without specific fatty acid in the blood more often have children with asthma

A new study finds that pregnant women with low levels of a specific fatty acid molecule are more likely to have children with childhood asthma. The researchers also found that children of these mothers are more prone to respiratory infections and altered lung microbiomes.

Caesarean birth: sex-specific effects on the microbiota

A study reveals that caesarean delivery alters microbial colonisation in the first days of life, with distinct effects on male and female mice. Males born by caesarean section develop increased susceptibility to colitis in adulthood, while females do not. This difference is linked to changes in gut microbiota and barrier function.

“Tell me who your friends are, and I’ll tell you who you are”

Researchers found that microbes actively adjust their behavior to minimize competition and conflict when living together, leading to more efficient coexistence. This discovery provides insights into how diverse microbial communities assemble and persist despite intense competition.

Phage therapy at a turning point: Valencia 2026 to define the next era of antibacterial medicine

The Targeting Phage Therapy 2026 Congress will bring together experts to address clinical, regulatory, industrial, and hospital infrastructure requirements for phage therapy. The congress aims to move phage therapy from promising science to accessible, validated, and deployable medicine.

Discovery of immune tolerance switch could yield better IBD treatments

Researchers discovered a new immune tolerance mechanism that relies on blocking Signal Two coupling, rather than expanding it. This finding holds promise for developing new therapies against inflammatory bowel disease and other autoimmune conditions.

Secret to a healthy liver found in a young microbiome

Researchers found that restoring a young microbiome can reverse features of aging in the liver, including inflammation and DNA damage. The study suggests that a healthy gut microbiome plays a key role in preventing liver cancer.

IBS treatment response predicted by gut microbiome in new study

Researchers found distinct gut microbiome characteristics that predicted treatment response to the low FODMAP diet and rifaximin. Patients who responded to these treatments had different microbial signatures, with increases in diversity for those on the low FODMAP diet and resilience against antibiotics for those on rifaximin.

Study of gut microbes in black bears finds antibiotic-resistant bacteria

A recent study found that antibiotic-resistant bacteria are present in the gut microbiomes of American black bears in eastern North Carolina. The researchers also discovered that these pathogens can be dispersed through bear feces, making the bears a potential indicator species for environmental changes.

Connected habitats help wildlife fight disease, strengthen protective microbes

Researchers found that connected natural habitats help maintain beneficial skin microbes that inhibit deadly fungal pathogens in tropical amphibians. Habitat fragmentation weakens these microbial defenses, leading to increased pathogen infection levels.

To thwart pathogens, researchers are giving beneficial microbes what they really want

Researchers have developed a new tool called Microbial Interaction and Niche Determination (MIND) that accurately predicts how microbes compete within complex communities. By analyzing nutrient preferences and energy allocation, MIND helps beneficial organisms outcompete dangerous pathogens. This approach has the potential to accelerat...

Sleep deprivation disrupts gut microbiota, worsening colorectal cancer outcomes

Researchers found that sleep deprivation alters the composition of gut microbiota, leading to worse cancer progression and reduced effectiveness of chemotherapy. The study highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy microbiome through good sleep and diet.

Could your housemates be changing your gut bacteria?

A new study from the University of East Anglia found that living with friends may alter your gut bacteria, with social closeness driving the exchange of anaerobic microbes. The research suggests that daily interactions at home, such as hugging and sharing food prep spaces, may encourage the transfer of beneficial gut bacteria.

Epigenetic changes at birth are associated with an infant’s microbiome and neurodevelopment

A study found that epigenetic changes present at birth can impact an infant's gut microbiome development during their first year. The researchers also identified specific epigenetic changes and gut microbes associated with signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

A bacterium from bumblebees can produce vitamin B2 in soya drinks

Researchers at DTU have developed a new method to identify bacteria capable of producing vitamin B2 in soya drinks. A bacterium from bumblebee guts was found to thrive in plant-based dairy alternatives and produce the nutrient in high quantities.

Loss of microbiota alters the profile of cells that protect the intestinal wall

A study led by UNICAMP researchers found that decreased bacteria in the large intestine affects nutrient absorption, particularly in older adults. The research showed a dual function of a previously thought mucus-secreting cell, which absorbs nutrients and regulates its abundance with gut microbiota signals.

The tumor microbiota: A new frontier in cancer biology

The tumor microbiota is now considered a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment, influencing cancer development and modulating immunotherapy effectiveness. Researchers have identified ways microbes can remodel tumors' microenvironments, directly interacting with tumor tissue and immune cells.

Oregano, rosemary and ‘time’: Long-term swine study shows natural-compound benefits

A long-term public study found that phytochemicals from oregano and rosemary supported favorable gut health and growth performance in weaned pigs, preserving microbial diversity to improve nutrient utilization. The natural agents outperformed antibiotic growth promoters in terms of final body weight and gain-to-feed ratio.

Introducing environmental microbiota to urban homes shifts the indoor microbiome

A new study introduces a simple intervention of introducing forest soil on an entryway doormat, which shifted the indoor microbiome of Finnish homes closer to bacterial profiles found outdoors. This could lead to health promotion, especially in urban settings, by reducing encounters with environmental microbes linked to inflammatory di...

Simple blood test could spot dementia years earlier, research shows

Researchers discovered subtle changes in the blood can reveal early signs of cognitive decline caused by chemicals produced by gut bacteria. A blood test may one day transform how we detect dementia, potentially identifying people at risk years before symptoms appear.

Biochar from peanut shells boosts soil health and crop quality over the long term

A six-year field study reveals that biochar made from peanut shells improves soil fertility and enhances crop quality by reshaping soil microbial communities. The study shows that biochar acts as both a habitat and a nutrient source for beneficial microbes, promoting plant growth and increasing soluble sugar content in tobacco leaves.

Endometrial microbiota-dimethylglycine-Treg cell axis affects endometrial receptivity in recurrent implantation failure

Researchers found that endometrial microbiota imbalances contribute to recurrent implantation failure, with dimethylglycine supplementation potentially reversing the effects. The study suggests a complex interplay between microbiota, metabolites, and Treg cells in regulating endometrial receptivity.

Field-portable assays help scientists study & explore caves

A new study demonstrates the use of field-portable assays to study caves in near real-time, revealing complex microbial ecosystems and potential health threats. The research found that geography, material, and depth significantly impact microbial populations, with applications for public health and military decision-making.

How an imbalanced gut microbiome worsens chronic kidney disease

Researchers found that an imbalanced gut microbiome escalates the production of metabolic byproducts, driving a feedback loop that worsens CKD. Blocking a single enzyme in the gut stopped this cycle, suggesting iNOS as a potential target for treatment.

Inappropriate antibiotic use for COVID-19 is linked to resistance

Using azithromycin within one day triggers antibiotic resistance in the respiratory tract, according to a study published in Nature Microbiology. The researchers followed hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found that azithromycin changed the mix of microbes in the upper airway, leading to persistent changes for more than a week.

High-fat diet drives gut bacteria into the brain in mice

A high-fat diet allows bacteria to move from the gut to the brain in mice, according to a new study. Researchers found that a small number of bacteria translocated to the brain, likely via the vagus nerve, and that these bacteria were also detected in mouse models of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism.

High-fat diets cause gut bacteria to enter brain, Emory study finds

A new study from Emory University finds that live bacteria from an imbalanced gut microbiome can enter the brain via the vagus nerve, potentially initiating neurological conditions. The study used mouse models and found that high-fat diets increased intestinal barrier permeability, allowing bacteria to reach the brain.

Island birds reveal surprising link between immunity and gut bacteria

Researchers studied the Seychelles warbler's gut bacteria, finding that immune genes influence which microbes thrive, and that this relationship affects host health and survival. The study suggests a two-way relationship between immune genes and gut bacteria, with potential benefits for human health and disease prevention.

When rats run, their gut bacteria rewrite the chemical conversation with the brain

A new study found that voluntary exercise reshapes the gut microbiota, leading to changes in tryptophan metabolism and serotonin signaling. Exercise decreased the relative abundance of certain bacterial genera, shifting neuroactive signaling and lowering a key receptor in the memory center of the brain.

Specific gut bacteria species (R inulinivorans) linked to muscle strength

Research found that Roseburia inulinivorans is positively associated with muscle mass and strength in both young and older adults. The study suggests that R inulinivorans may play a causal role in muscle strength, with notable increases in forelimb grip strength and larger muscle fibre size in mice treated with the bacteria.

Chinese Neurosurgical Journal highlights gut–brain axis in pituitary tumor–related cognitive decline

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are associated with cognitive decline, which may be linked to hormonal dysregulation and gut microbiota alterations. Surgical intervention improves cognitive function, suggesting a potential endocrine mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction and recovery.

Stay or stray? Scientists discover why some gut microbes persist after fecal transplants

Researchers at King's College London discovered that certain genetic features of gut bacteria predict long-term survival after fecal transplants. These stable gene groups are linked to traits that help good bacteria compete and survive, and may be used as a source of future drugs.

Hidden viral networks in soil microplastics may shape the future of sustainable agriculture

Research reveals complex interactions between soil microbes, viruses, and microplastics, influencing soil health and ecosystem recovery. Innovations such as phage-assisted microbial augmentation aim to enhance plastic degradation in soils.

How periodontitis-linked bacteria accelerate osteoporosis-like bone loss through the gut

Research reveals that salivary bacteria from gum disease alter gut metabolism, driving osteoclast activity and systemic bone loss. Microbial metabolites like indole-3-lactic acid inhibit osteoclast differentiation and activity.

Trust your gut to heal your brain

Researchers at Houston Methodist found that short-term antibiotic treatment significantly reduced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration following traumatic brain injury by altering the gut microbiome. Beneficial bacteria Parasutterella excrementihominis and Lactobacillus johnsonii drove cell repair, while reducing harmful gut bacteria.

University of Houston scientist helps rethink microbial future of space travel

A global team of scientists, led by University of Houston microbiologist Madhan Tirumalai, has identified the critical role of biofilms in human space exploration. Biofilms could influence astronaut health, drug delivery and space agriculture, while also posing risks to astronaut health.

Microplastics in soil may reshape microbial genes and threaten ecosystem stability

A growing body of research suggests that microplastics in soils can alter microbial genes controlling essential ecosystem functions, potentially affecting food production, climate processes, and environmental health. Microplastics also enhance the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in soil ecosystems.

Missing microbes in UK infant gut and probiotics highlighted by global microbiome atlas

A global atlas mapping two key gut bacteria has uncovered a treasure trove of bacterial strains adapted to the infant gut, not found in commercial probiotic products. The study reveals region-specific strains that have naturally evolved to thrive in a baby's microbiome, shaped by regional diets and environments.

Weight-loss wonder pills prompt scrutiny of key ingredient

A new study finds salcaprozate sodium may have adverse biological effects on the gut and beyond, including shifts in potentially harmful gut bacteria and elevated inflammatory markers. The research highlights an important gap in understanding the long-term impact of repeated SNAC exposure.

With the right prompts, AI chatbots analyze big data accurately

Researchers at UCSF and Wayne State University found that generative AI tools can perform orders of magnitude faster than human teams in analyzing health data. Junior researchers paired with AI generated viable prediction models in minutes, outperforming experienced programmers in hours or days.

Children with Crohn’s have distinct gut bacteria from kids with other digestive disorders

A study by NYU researchers found that children with Crohn’s disease have a unique microbiome signature, characterized by more pro-inflammatory and less protective bacteria. This could lead to personalized treatments for pediatric Crohn’s disease.

Targeting Longevity 2026: Scientists shift the longevity debate from “fixing aging” to preserving biological coordination

Researchers focus on system-level resilience and long-term biological coordination to understand aging as a loss of coordination between biological systems. Studies show how mitochondrial signaling influences inflammation in senescence and microbiota–brain interactions shape aging trajectories.

Scientists create ‘smart underwear’ to measure human flatulence

Researchers developed wearable devices that track hydrogen levels in flatus to better understand gut microbial metabolism. The Human Flatus Atlas project aims to establish normal ranges for flatulence production, helping to identify excessive gas complaints and inform dietary interventions.

‘Hidden’ bugs in our gut appear key to good health, finds global study

A global study found that a group of bacteria, CAG-170, consistently appeared in high numbers in the gut microbiomes of healthy individuals. This species has the capacity to produce Vitamin B12 and break down carbohydrates, suggesting it plays a crucial role in maintaining human health.

Taxiing through the gut: Formic acid in the microbiome

Blautia luti produces formic acid as an electron taxi, bypassing the energetically costly production of hydrogen. The bacterium detoxifies formic acid via a special metabolic pathway, linked to sugar breakdown and acetic acid production.

University of Maryland School of Medicine researchers discover that vaginal bacteria don’t always behave the same way

Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine discovered 25 distinct vaginal microbiome types, challenging the long-standing view of a simplified

Gut microbe–derived butyrate activates immune cells to enhance vaccine efficacy

A study published in Microbiome found that gut microbiome-derived butyrate activates immune cells to enhance vaccine efficacy by promoting T follicular helper (Tfh) cell activity and mucosal antibody production. This discovery highlights the crucial role of gut environment regulation in controlling infections and enhancing vaccine resp...

Human vaginal microbiome is shaped by competition for resources

The vaginal microbiota is influenced by competition for specific nutritional resources, affecting health outcomes. A resource-based model identified key ecological mechanisms underlying microbiota composition and potential bacterial vaginosis interventions.

More than just gut cohabitants: how gut bacteria control immune responses

Researchers at Helmholtz Munich discovered that gut bacteria can directly deliver proteins into human cells, shaping immune responses. This new mechanism may help explain how changes in gut bacteria contribute to inflammatory diseases like Crohn's disease.

Study sheds new light on what drives evolution of gut microbiomes

Researchers found that six species exhibited little to no evidence of phylosymbiosis, while five closely related bovids showed patterns consistent with the concept. Drier environments may reveal phylosymbiosis due to reduced microbial diversity.

How a single gene shapes gut health and IBD risk

Researchers at UC Riverside find that faulty gene PTPN2 increases susceptibility to harmful bacteria like AIEC, leading to gut inflammation and IBD. The studies suggest that restoring PTPN2 function or using medications like JAK inhibitors may help control harmful bacterial growth.

New study shows gut microbiota directly regulates intestinal stem cell aging

A new study reveals that gut microbiota directly affects intestinal stem cell function, leading to impaired regeneration after injury. Restoring a more youthful microbiota can reverse the age-related decline in ISC activity.

Hot spring bathing doesn't just keep snow monkeys warm

Researchers found that hot spring bathing in Japanese macaques subtly reshapes their relationships with parasites and gut microbes. The study suggests that behavior can shape the animal holobiont and act as an important driver of animal health.

Infant gut bacteria may be the key to preventing asthma and allergies

Researchers have identified a previously unknown mechanism that can reduce the risk of allergies and asthma in children. Certain bifidobacteria produce a substance called 4-hydroxyphenyl lactate (4-OH-PLA), which dampens immune responses to allergens, reducing the production of IgE antibodies.

Earthworms turn manure into a powerful tool against antibiotic resistance

Researchers found that vermicomposting reduces antibiotic resistance genes by 70-95% and mobile genetic elements by up to 68%. The process uses earthworms to transform raw manure into a stable, high-value fertilizer.

Rice genes matter more than domestication in shaping plant microbiomes

A recent study reveals that the specific genetic identity of rice plants determines which microbes they host and how those microbes function. The research found that differences among rice genotypes strongly shape microbial communities in both soil and on leaf surfaces, influencing nutrient cycling, plant health, and soil carbon storage.

Gut bacteria changes at the earliest stages of inflammatory bowel disease

A new international study found significant changes in gut bacteria at the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition that affects the digestive system. The study reveals a loss of beneficial anaerobic bacteria and an increase in oxygen-tolerant bacteria, which may trigger inflammation.

From straw to soil harmony: International team reveals how biochar supercharges carbon-smart farming

A new international study discovers that combining biochar with straw can reduce carbon emissions, boost soil health, and encourage microbes to work together. The research bridges Moscow and Guangzhou, delivering one of the clearest pictures yet of how organic amendments shape the hidden world beneath our feet.