Articles tagged with Viruses
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers tracked 27 unique viruses affecting honey bees, including four unknown strains and six species of bacteria and fungi. The study provides a baseline measurement of pathogens in healthy hives, shedding light on the causes of colony collapse.
Researchers discovered that caspase-8, an enzyme previously thought to only prevent inflammation through apoptosis, can also control inflammation by destroying a protein called RIP1. This new mechanism could lead to the development of effective therapies for inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Scientists investigate how a virus affecting the Indian meal moth impacts its host populations in size, with potential to inform better pest management strategies. The research could lead to improved techniques for controlling invasive species and pests.
A team of scientists at the University of Pennsylvania has engineered a lentiviral vector that expresses CD47, a protein found on all cells, on its surface. This allows the virus to avoid being detected by the immune system, potentially making it safer for gene therapy and drug delivery.
Scientists have developed a microscope that can see objects as small as 50 nanometres, beyond the theoretical limit of optical microscopy. This breakthrough enables potential examination of human cells and live viruses for the first time, revolutionizing cell study and biomedicine.
At least one dengue vaccine could be licensed within the next 4 years. Developing countries' national regulatory authorities (NRAs) have a crucial role in accelerating the licensure process when a new dengue vaccine becomes available.
Researchers have created a novel crystal lattice composed of gold nanoparticles and viral particles held together by strands of DNA. The structure demonstrates the potential to combine materials with different properties to create infinitesimal devices.
Researchers found that the nematode C. elegans, a millimeter-long worm used extensively for decades to study biology, gets naturally occurring viral infections. The discovery means C. elegans is likely to help scientists study the way viruses and their hosts interact.
Researchers discover naturally occurring viral infections in C. elegans, a millimeter-long worm used extensively for decades to study many aspects of biology. The findings provide insights into the way viruses and their hosts interact, shedding light on fundamental phenomena such as RNA interference and cell self-destruction.
The US lettuce industry faces significant economic losses due to dieback disease, caused by two soil-borne viruses affecting romaine and leaf-type lettuce. New romaine breeding lines SM09A and SM09B offer complete resistance to the disease and improved shelf life.
Rice University researchers have developed a method to enhance the effectiveness of a common disinfectant, increasing its ability to degrade aerosol- and water-borne viruses by more than three times. The new technique involves adding silicone to titanium dioxide, which is widely used in paints, sunscreen, and food coloring.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic describe the crucial initial steps of measles virus attachment to host cells, revealing a complex dance-like movement. The findings provide insight into the disease mechanism, which could lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Researchers have discovered how a key viral gene helps viruses evade early detection by the immune system, providing new insights into chronic infection treatments. Dendritic cells, critical for immune response, are compromised by this gene, allowing viruses to establish chronic infections.
Native pollinators such as wild bees and wasps infected with RNA viruses, transmitted via pollen. Viral diseases may impact pollinator populations and ecosystem health.
A recent study by Queen's University researcher Niko Troje reveals that the way people perceive the Silhouette Illusion is not determined by personality or brain type. Instead, the viewer's angle of view plays a crucial role in shaping their perception of the spinning woman.
The article highlights the significant impact of human microbiome on overall health, with microbes contributing to protection from disease and production of essential vitamins. Researchers are also exploring how the gut microbiome affects body weight and odor.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered a new virus in switchgrass that can cause mosaic and yellow streak symptoms, reducing photosynthesis and biomass yield. The virus, Marafivirus, is related to Maize rayado fino virus and has the potential to affect other crops.
Scientists at Weill Cornell Medical College have identified a potential new treatment for the Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are lethal and emerging viruses with no current treatment or vaccine available. The approach uses cholesterol-tagged peptides to target the membrane where the virus fuses with host cells, preventing infection.
Research from the University of Washington finds that two elite blogs trigger viral video distribution, with top general interest outlets taking cues from them. Four groups were identified: elite blogs, top general blogs, top political blogs, and tail blogs.
Scientists sequenced the Culex quinquefasciatus genome to analyze its immune response to pathogens. The study found that Culex has an expanded immune gene repertoire, enhancing its ability to adapt to diverse habitats and evade infections.
Researchers discovered that lipopolysaccharide and polyI:C stimulate factor B production in macrophages through distinct but overlapping mechanisms. This finding highlights the complexity of the immune system and its redundancy, enabling it to counter bacterial and viral strategies.
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed HyperSentry software to detect hypervisor breaches in virtual computing clouds. This innovation measures hypervisor integrity without alerting the malware, helping prevent intelligent malware concealment tactics.
Researchers found that only a subset of pre-transplant HCV viruses can infect the new liver, with these viruses having mutations in their surface protein that evade the immune response. This discovery may lead to new ways to prevent reinfection after liver transplant.
A study published in Science reveals that molecular sequence data can be used to quantify cross-species transmission rates, with bats being the most common source of human infections. The analysis found that rabies viruses are more likely to jump between closely related bat species than distant ones.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have developed a method to alter viral conditions, reducing mutation and building resistance. This approach can target multiple viruses simultaneously and is being explored for use in treating influenza.
A team of biochemists has identified the molecular mechanism by which an immune response is triggered by invading viruses, according to recent research. The results could lead to new therapies for viral infections, including the common cold and hepatitis. By understanding how the immune system recognizes viral RNA at the atomic level, ...
The new edition of Infectious Diseases provides comprehensive guidance on overcoming the latest clinical infectious disease challenges, including updates on H1N1 and avian influenza viruses. The book's editorial team offers regular content updates, case studies, and an interactive disease outbreak map.
New gene transfer agents have been developed to overcome the limitations of viral vectors and chemical agents, showing promise for treating hereditary diseases and cancer. The agents are more effective at delivering DNA into cell nuclei, increasing the chances of successful treatment.
Scientists have identified a synergistic relationship between a fungal pathogen and RNA viruses from the family Dicistroviridae as contributing factors to Colony Collapse Disorder. The presence of these pathogens in sick colonies is a strong predictor of collapse, with higher levels of the fungus compromising gut wall integrity.
A University of Tennessee study found high-risk water sources in East Tennessee contain fecal contamination, including E.coli, coliforms, Bacteroides, and infectious viruses. This highlights a potential health hazard for rural residents who drink untreated groundwater.
Results from an Advanced Therapy Access Program demonstrate oncolytic viruses' ability to mediate anti-tumor immunity in humans. The therapy shows strong efficacy against solid tumor cancers, with a clinical benefit rate of 47% and favorable safety profile.
The Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA) detects viruses and bacteria with probes in a checkerboard pattern, identifying over 2,000 viruses and 900 bacteria. This technology enables rapid detection of pathogens, improving biodefense, public health, and product safety.
Researchers found that vaccinated birds can shed vaccine virus to infect other birds, and live vaccines do not always protect against infection from other viral strains. The use of modified live virus vaccines may be increasing the diversity of Newcastle Disease viruses circulating in wild birds.
A new concept of early viral kinetics in peg-interferon therapy has been proposed, showing a high probability of sustained virological response in 92.1% of patients. The study suggests that a short treatment period can be efficient and safe, reducing the risk of adverse events.
A team of scientists has identified a potential new target for treating hepatitis C by discovering an inhibitor that binds to the genetic material of the virus, causing a major conformational change that prevents replication. This finding provides a basis for structure-based design of new hepatitis C treatments.
A recent study by Université Laval found that 40% of commercial disinfectants are ineffective in eliminating noroviruses, which cause over half of all foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks. Bleach-based products are the only ones to drastically reduce virus concentration.
Researchers used population genetics approaches to identify gene variants that increase or decrease susceptibility to viral infections, finding 139 human genes with this effect. The study suggests these variants could be targeted for novel therapeutic approaches and vaccines.
Researchers identified specific mutations that enable a common plant virus to infect new species, shedding light on the viral-host interface. The study's findings could inform strategies for breeding resistant crops and understanding animal disease emergence.
A new study by Imperial College London discovered a virus called vaccinia spreading four times more quickly than previously believed. The virus uses a novel mechanism to spread rapidly between cells, making it harder to target with antiviral drugs.
A novel and simple formula predicts treatment success for patients with chronic hepatitis C, outperforming viral kinetics. The formula, based on clinical data, is suitable for every cohort of patients and can help tailor treatment.
Researchers discovered how smallpox kills by targeting molecules that block viral replication, paving the way for new therapeutics. The study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms causing disease in other viral infections, offering hope for prevention and treatment of pox viruses.
Researchers at Montana State University aim to understand how Adeno-associated Viruses (AAV) assemble and enter cells. They will use this knowledge to build specialized AAVs for targeted gene therapy applications.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a way to protect against rootkits by hijacking hooks in operating systems. By moving hooks to a centralized location, they can be protected using hardware-based memory protection, making it harder for malware to subvert them.
A breakthrough in the fight against Hendra virus has been achieved with the development of a treatment that shows great potential to save lives. The treatment, administered after exposure to Nipah virus, protected animals from disease in a model.
Researchers at USU and Australian Animal Health Laboratory demonstrate effective therapy against Nipah virus using a human monoclonal antibody, m102.4. The treatment showed promising results in animal models, offering hope for preventing and treating diseases caused by the deadly viruses.
Researchers found promising results for rapid viral diagnosis tests, reducing use of antibiotics and other blood tests in children with respiratory symptoms. Larger trials are needed to confirm the finding and evaluate cost-effectiveness.
A laboratory study by University of Maryland researchers suggests the H1N1 pandemic variety prevails and out-compets other flu strains in a lab setting, reproducing twice as much on average. The findings support vaccinating against the pandemic flu virus this season due to its high communicability.
Researchers created a new gene therapy vector that uses the same machinery as viruses to deliver therapeutic genes into cells' nuclei. This breakthrough improves efficiency and specificity of human gene therapy, paving the way for clinical applications.
Researchers uncover how certain types of viral RNA pairs trigger an enzyme called protein kinase R (PKR) to inhibit viral production. PKR recognizes double-stranded RNAs and stops protein synthesis in infected cells, ultimately causing cell death.
Montana State University researchers study Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV) and its effects on host cells. The virus forms pyramid-like projections on the surface of infected cells, releasing progeny in a previously unknown manner.
A new type of optical particle trap has been developed by UCSC researchers to manipulate particles on a chip. This innovation enables the rapid detection and sorting of bacteria and viruses, with potential applications in hospitals and research labs.
A Michigan State University researcher is studying the ancient evolutionary dynamic between marine bacteria and fast-mutating viruses. The project aims to understand how cyanobacteria evolve resistance to viruses and its implications for environmental and climate studies.
Researchers found that Sulfolobus islandicus populations are more diverse than thought, with variable genomes evolving rapidly and adapting to local environments. The findings suggest a limited genetic reservoir stored in viruses and other elements, contradicting the idea of a universal gene pool.
A population genetics study found that parasite-driven selection has left a footprint on human DNA, particularly in immune genes. This variation correlates with parasite diversity and may contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Researchers analyzed calling and mobility data from over six million mobile phone users to understand the threat of mobile phone viruses. A highly fragmented market share has hindered outbreaks so far, but predicting that viruses will become a significant threat once a single operating system's market share grows sufficiently large.
Researchers at Cancer Research UK have developed a way to regulate viral activity in cancer cells while minimizing its impact on healthy tissues. By introducing microRNA molecules, they can 'turn off' the virus in vulnerable areas, making it a promising approach for improved cancer treatments and vaccines.
Researchers create first 3D model of dengue virus replication, providing insight into the process and offering new approaches for developing measures to prevent or treat dengue fever. The study provides crucial information for developing therapy against this infectious disease.
Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley and Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a comprehensive numerical study of gene therapy. The research sheds light on the key factors that determine the success of dendrimers as gene delivery vehicles, including the charges of the dendrimers and their target cell membranes.
Researchers are racing against time to find ways to combat the wheat curl mite, a nemesis of the region's wheat crop. The mites are vectored by three viruses: wheat streak mosaic virus, wheat mosaic virus, and Triticum mosaic virus, with Texas being the hot spot for all three.
Rising temperatures and mild winters have led to increased outbreaks of bluetongue and other insect-transmitted viruses in European livestock, with devastating consequences for ruminants. The UK successfully suppressed a major outbreak in 2008, but new virus types pose ongoing threats to the region.