Articles tagged with Neurology
A study found that 4.6% of Nigerian participants with COVID-19 experienced neurologic symptoms, with some still experiencing symptoms two years after their initial episode. Researchers plan to treat these patients using similar techniques used in the US, aiming to alleviate their suffering.
Researchers found Inuit children's head circumferences were significantly larger than WHO charts, leading to overdiagnosis of macrocephaly and underdiagnosis of microcephaly. This perpetuates a system that brings harm to Inuit people due to historical context of racism and mistreatment.
Research suggests that heavy drinkers may experience long-lasting sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, leading to permanent allodynia. The study identified a potential drug target, endocannabinoid 2-AG metabolism, for treating neuropathic pain associated with chronic and excessive alcohol consumption.
New research confirms that young adults are at risk for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic strokes, which were previously thought to occur mainly in older adults. The study found that nearly 20% of a cohort of 1,200 young adult patients had these strokes, highlighting the need for regular check-ups and prompt treatment.
Patients with acute brain injury who received a liberal transfusion strategy had a lower risk of unfavorable neurological outcomes compared to those on a restrictive strategy. The study found that anemia was a significant predictor of poor outcomes in these patients.
Researchers from the FlyWire Consortium have created a detailed wiring diagram of every neuron in the adult fly brain, revealing substantial similarities between individual brains. The map includes 50 million connections between neurons, providing insights into neural circuits and their functions.
A study found increased menstrual irregularities in women living in areas affected by the 2023 earthquake in Turkey. Risk factors included post-traumatic stress symptoms, chronic diseases, and smoking.
Researchers have discovered that COVID-19 patients experience worse cognitive function 12-18 months after hospitalization, with reduced brain volume and abnormal protein levels. This affects global cognitive deficits equivalent to twenty years of normal aging.
A third of living former professional football players reported perceived chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) associated with an increased prevalence of suicidality. Men with CTE had cognitive impairment and more health problems compared to those without CTE, highlighting a novel risk factor for suicidality.
A cohort study found a significant association between maternal influenza infection during pregnancy and an increased risk of childhood seizures. The study suggests that maternal influenza may affect childhood neurological development, particularly for febrile seizures, but not epilepsy.
A recent study published in JAMA Surgery analyzed 333 slap fighting competitions and found that more than half of sequences resulted in visible signs of concussion. The research also showed that nearly 80% of fighters demonstrated a visible sign of concussion at least once in the series of matches.
A study by Amber Salter found that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have comorbidities experience worsened disease activity. The research highlights the importance of addressing comorbidities in MS treatment.
A new study found that amyloid-beta and tau proteins affect brain activity differently, with increased levels leading to hyperactivity and decreased levels resulting in hypoactivity. Participants with higher rates of this brain slowing showed greater cognitive decline in attention and memory.
Researchers have found two distinct maps in the brain's secondary motor cortex that enable spatial planning and navigation, with implications for understanding neurological conditions such as stroke. The study discovered a self-centred map used for planning actions and a world-centred map used to determine body position in the world.
A randomized controlled trial found erenumab injections significantly improved medication overuse headache remission rates and reduced acute migraine treatment days in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headaches. The study suggests that erenumab can be a simplified treatment option for MOH patients.
Scientists at Kyoto University's Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences have discovered a protein complex that regulates phospholipid scrambling, a process important for blood clotting and unwanted cell removal. The finding could lead to new treatments for diseases like epilepsy and anemia.
A new study published in Nature Communications reveals how propofol sedation alters the connections between brain cells in the thalamus and cortex, shedding light on the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness. The researchers found that disruptions to the matrix cells' activity play a crucial role in the transition to unconsciousness.
A new EEG-based method uses eye movement alignment to detect low-quality video targets with high accuracy, overcoming challenges in machine vision technology. The proposed technique has proven effectiveness and feasibility for practical application in various fields.
A new research paper proposes an electrophysiological analysis-based brain network method for augmented recognition of different types of distractions during driving. The study used a simulated experiment and machine learning classifiers to achieve high accuracy in distinguishing between normal and distracted states.
Researchers at Boston University created an AI tool that can determine the cause of dementia using commonly collected patient data, boosting doctor accuracy by 26%. The algorithm identifies 10 types of dementia, including vascular and frontotemporal dementia, to help doctors manage patients more effectively.
A new research paper presents a biomimetic peripheral nerve stimulation method that facilitates regulation of lower limb movements during stepping and standing. The study achieved muscle control via different sciatic nerve branches, verifying the effectiveness of single-cathode extraneural electrical stimulation in promoting lower limb...
Researchers analyzed genetic samples from individuals with undiagnosed illnesses and found that mutations in the DENND5A gene disrupt brain cell division, leading to developmental delays. The discovery provides answers for families affected by this rare condition and may lead to potential treatments.
A new study published in Neurology found that acute kidney injury is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. The study analyzed data from over 300,000 individuals and found a 49% higher risk of dementia overall, with significant increases for specific types of dementia such as Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia.
A cross-sectional study of 170 former football players found a strong association between repeated head impacts and increased perivascular space volume, as well as worse cognitive test performance. The findings suggest that PVS volume may contribute to the link between RHI exposure and neurodegeneration.
Researchers found a specific deletion in the spike protein that enhances the virus' ability to infect brains of mice, which could help understand 'long COVID' and develop treatments. The study suggests viruses with this deletion can traffic from the lung to the brain, leading to neurological symptoms.
A recent study published in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology reveals that children born extremely preterm are at a higher risk of autism diagnosis. The screening test was effective in identifying autism in preterm children, with only a small percentage who screened positive later receiving no diagnosis.
Researchers unveil significant findings that could enhance BCI technologies, marking a crucial step towards more intuitive neuroprosthetic control. Key findings reveal distinct regions within the sensorimotor cortex for imagined tactile and motor tasks.
Researchers found that non-lawyers use complex legalese when writing laws, and it signals a sense of authority. The 'magic spell hypothesis' suggests that this style is used to convey power and legitimacy, making documents more difficult to understand.
A recent study by Harvard University researchers compares the effectiveness of one-photon (1P) versus two-photon (2P) voltage imaging in neural circuits. The study found that 2P excitation requires approximately 10,000 times more illumination power per cell compared to 1P excitation, posing significant challenges for 2P voltage imaging.
The Access for All in ALS Consortium has successfully enrolled its first participant, marking a significant step forward for ALS research. The consortium aims to disrupt the clinical research landscape using open science methods to advance ALS research.
A new study found that 40Hz sensory stimulation preserves myelination, protects oligodendrocytes, and sustains electrical signal transmission in the brains of mice with cuprizone-induced myelin loss. The researchers also identified molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits.
Researchers at WVU created a motion-compatible brain scanner that allows patients to move around during imaging. The Ambulatory Motion-enabling PET (AMPET) scanner can help study human behaviors, balance, and emotions, and may be used to monitor brain activity for PTSD treatment and mindfulness meditation.
Studies in mice reveal that orexin plays a key role in deciding between physical activity and consuming food, particularly when both options are available. By understanding this process, scientists aim to develop strategies to overcome exercise barriers and address the global obesity epidemic.
Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine are studying the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for migraine, which affects nearly half of those with the condition and leads to significant disability. The five-year study aims to identify therapies that target long-term efficacy and safety.
Viji Santhakumar, a UCR professor, has been awarded a $3.5 million NIH grant to study brain circuit function and its impact on memory formation and cognitive deficits in diseases like epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers studied Alzheimer disease blood biomarkers and found a strong association with incident all-cause dementia risk. Biomarker levels increased with age and were linked to dementia starting in midlife.
α-Synuclein pathology in asymptomatic stages is linked to NBM atrophy, leading to attention/executive impairment. MRI signatures can detect this pathology in memory clinic populations.
Researchers found that combining plasma p-tau217 and Aβ42/40 levels could predict early brain Aβ accumulation in people with subthreshold Aβ accumulation. These biomarkers may help screen participants for primary prevention trials.
A new study found significant disparities in stroke services across the US, with hospitals in disadvantaged communities up to 42% less likely to obtain stroke center certification. Hospitals serving affluent communities are more likely to become certified, which improves patient outcomes and access to critical treatment.
Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University demonstrate a proof of concept for antisense nucleic acid therapy to prevent the spread of α-synuclein pathologies in synucleinopathies. The treatment, involving antisense oligonucleotides, effectively reduces Lewy pathology-like neuronal inclusion by over 90%.
Researchers found specific gene variants associated with behavioral health outcomes after a stroke. The study suggests that genetic differences may predict stroke recovery trajectory, enabling personalized medicine approaches for individualized treatment.
A recent study published in Neurology found that commercial arm robots have no significant impact on the recovery of motor arm function in stroke patients. Despite improvements in technology, the robots did not demonstrate any improvement in muscle and arm function, and may even increase healthcare costs.
A study reveals that sexual and gender minority adults in the US have a higher risk of developing epilepsy due to unique biological and psychosocial factors. The findings highlight the need for protected access to medical care for this population.
A new study finds that psilocybin temporarily desynchronizes the default mode network in the brain, creating a psychedelic experience. The study provides a neurobiological explanation for the drug's effects and lays groundwork for its potential use as a therapy for mental illnesses.
Researchers created an interactive atlas that deconstructs traumatic brain injury (TBI) at the molecular level, identifying cell-specific targets for therapies. The atlas may improve treatment outcomes by allowing doctors to use precision-medicine tools to tailor treatments to individual patients.
A University of Cincinnati study found that long-term stroke survival is improving, but racial disparities remain, with Black individuals experiencing worse long-term outcomes. The research analyzed five-year mortality rates after stroke and found that overall rates are declining, while disparities persist among Black patients.
A cross-sectional study of CTE patients found that years of contact sports participation are linked to substantia nigra pathology, leading to parkinsonism. The study suggests that repetitive head impacts may trigger neuropathologic processes in individuals with CTE.
A recent study found that the cerebellum plays a crucial role in regulating thirst, with the hormone asprosin activating Purkinje neurons to enhance water intake. This discovery has significant implications for managing thirst disorders such as polydipsia and hypodipsia, for which current treatments are scarce.
A new study from the University of Ottawa explores young women's reactions to social exclusion, revealing that retaliation is a common response to rejection. The study uses EEG to assess social pain in 87 participants, providing insight into the neurological underpinnings of peer rejection.
A team of scientists at Scripps Research Institute has identified a group of neurons in the parasubthalamic nucleus that controls when an animal decides to take a first bite of food. The study found that these cells delay eating but hasten drinking, with implications for understanding eating disorders.
Research reveals that pregnancy-related brain impairment affects live-bearing fish, particularly in decision-making and sensory reception. Unlike mammals, pregnant fish show decreased cell proliferation in olfactory regions, compromising scent interpretation.
Scientists at the University of Warwick have investigated a range of contributing risk factors for suicide in a large-scale study. The study identified biological and behavioral predictors, including elevated white blood cells, neuroticism, childhood experiences, and reduced grey matter in the brain.
A study by Pusan National University researchers found that repeated item development training enhances faculty members' accuracy in predicting and adjusting item difficulty levels, leading to better educational outcomes. The training improved the quality of MCQ assessments in medical education.
Researchers at UCSF have discovered a way to turn ordinary white fat cells into beige fat cells that burn calories, opening the door to developing new weight-loss drugs. The approach uses a protein called KLF-15 and may avoid side effects associated with current treatments.
A new study creates a framework to reduce confusion around fish consumption during pregnancy and provide clearer guidance on risks and benefits. The research found that consuming low-mercury fish was beneficial, while high-mercury fish was detrimental to neurodevelopment.
Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that two assessments, Leiter-3 and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, can help measure cognitive function in children with Aicardi Goutières Syndrome. The study revealed that a subset of patients scored within a normal IQ range, paving the way for future clinical trial design.
Researchers found that hospitals that implemented standardized protocols from the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association saw significant reductions in stroke treatment times. The protocols, which include specific limits on time between symptom onset and hospital arrival, helped medical teams respond more quickly to ...
A study by TUM researchers discovered four subtypes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) with different molecular processes, including sex differences. The findings suggest repurposing an approved cancer drug targeting the MAPK pathway as a promising therapeutic approach for ALS.
Neuroscience researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a special type of human white blood cell that has the potential to regrow nerve fibers. The study found that these cells can triple the survival rate of stressed nerve cells and help slow or prevent progression of degenerative neurological conditions.
A new study found that a liberal blood transfusion strategy may improve outcomes for patients with traumatic brain injury, leading to better functional independence and quality of life. Six months after the injury, patients who received more frequent blood transfusions showed higher levels of recovery and improved quality of life compa...