Articles tagged with Neurons
A new software tool, Whetstone, sharpens artificial neurons, enabling neural computer networks to process information up to 100 times more efficiently than current industry standards. The tool is expected to increase AI penetration in mobile phones, self-driving cars, and automated image interpretation.
Scientists have developed a model that explains how the nose adapts to smells by efficiently coding patterns across receptor types, which could aid research into age-related declines in sense of smell. The study's findings contribute to understanding how the mammalian nose senses and processes smells.
A collaborative study improves understanding of ALS by identifying a key role for ubiquilin proteins in regulating cellular waste. The researchers found that mutated ubiquilins fail to regulate lysosomes, leading to excess waste buildup and disease development.
MIT researchers have developed a new MRI-based detection method for intracellular calcium signaling, enabling precise measurements of neural activity. This breakthrough allows scientists to link neural activity with specific behaviors and could lead to further research on brain function and diagnostics.
Researchers developed a synchronization registration method with high sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the network to recognize up to 14 figures out of 102 possible variants. The system operates independently as a separate neural organism, utilizing multilevel neurons with high functionality.
Researchers create ultrasmall, untethered electrodes activated by near-infrared light for neural stimulation, reducing inflammation and scarring in neural tissue. The technology offers improved spatial precision and potential for deeper tissue access.
A recent study has clarified the mechanism behind a rare brain disorder called MICPCH syndrome, which affects few individuals worldwide. The research highlights the importance of the protein CASK in maintaining balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain.
Scientists have created a novel tool that can both control and visualize serotonin receptor signals in neural cells using light. The tool, called Camello, uses fluorescent proteins to indicate activated signalling pathways and receptor trafficking in specific domains.
New research reveals that neurons in the brain's somatosensory cortex respond differently to various features of a surface, creating a high-dimensional representation of texture. This complex neural landscape allows for the rich sensation of texture, enabling us to distinguish between subtle differences.
A team of scientists has developed a protein sensor that allows them to visualize where nicotine collects inside cells, revealing its effects on neural cells and the nature of nicotine addiction. The sensor, composed of a special protein, detects nicotine molecules and activates fluorescent proteins to glow brightly.
Researchers identified compounds that can reduce mosquito hunger for blood, acting on hormone pathways. The study used Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and found a drug capable of inhibiting biting and feeding behaviors.
MIT researchers found that excessive protein production leads to senescence and cell division impairment when cells grow too large. They discovered the limiting factor in cell growth is DNA amount, not chromosome number.
A new study by Baylor College of Medicine researchers discovered two independent mechanisms contributing to tuberous sclerosis, a rare genetic disease. Glycogen accumulation is linked to mTORC1 hyperactivity in some cases, while other TSC2 mutations trigger defects in lysosome formation and glycogen digestion.
A study published in Toxicology in Vitro found that L-norvaline can make human cells unhealthy and eventually kill them, even at low concentrations. The amino acid is commonly used in body building supplements to boost workouts and aid recovery.
Researchers have discovered a crucial mechanism for removing faulty proteins from cells, which may aid understanding of neurological diseases and anaemia. By studying the yeast protein Hel2, they found that this process is essential for maintaining cellular health.
Researchers found that neurons from patients with depression who don't respond to SSRIs are hyperactive in the presence of serotonin, a key player in neurotransmission. Targeting specific serotonin receptors may offer an alternative treatment for these patients.
A male mouse can quickly identify a stranger's sex without prior experience, thanks to hard-wired brain circuitry. This ability is likely to apply to humans, as we share similar brain structure and function for recognizing a stranger's sex.
Scientists at Helmholtz Munich found a transcription factor called Tbx3 that plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy and sugar metabolism. Its absence leads to an identity crisis of satiety neurons, resulting in obesity.
Researchers at German Cancer Research Center discovered that stem cell genes remain active, allowing for reversible decision-making in becoming a neuron or reverting back to stem cell. Uncontrolled TOR activity can cause brain cancer, highlighting the importance of controlling this signal for future stem cell therapy developments
Researchers at FAU have identified TRM cells as a key player in inducing acute inflammatory episodes in bowel diseases, leading to flare-ups and tissue damage. Patients with high proportions of these cells are more likely to experience severe symptoms.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have created a new model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, which points to molecular causes and potential treatments. The model, reported in Cell Reports, removes a major obstacle for scientists seeking to understand the disease.
A new optical microscope system called SIFOM stimulates multiple cells simultaneously using holographic method and monitors cell activity using 3D measurements. The system has potential applications in reconstructing lost nerve pathways, constructing artificial neural networks, and developing food resources.
Researchers have found a potential therapeutic pathway for Alzheimer's disease by targeting the regulation of critical cholesterol in neurons. Cholesteryl esters were identified as regulators of tau protein, which accumulates in abnormal aggregates that cause neuronal malfunction and death.
Researchers studied mRNA and microRNA interactions in prenatal human brain cells to understand their role in cell type identification. They found that these interactions are highly cell-type specific, which can lead to overexpression of certain genes and uncontrolled cell production.
Researchers have identified a key trigger for toxic protein production in ALS and frontotemporal dementia. Targeting the integrated stress response with an approved antidepressant drug shows promise in reducing toxic protein production in laboratory tests.
Researchers at the National Eye Institute discovered that TGF-beta signaling governs immune cell function in the eye, leading to activated microglia and retina damage. Disrupting this signal may represent a potential therapeutic target for treating AMD.
Researchers have identified neurons in the human visual cortex that selectively respond to faces, a significant breakthrough in understanding face recognition. These neurons were found to respond strongly to both familiar and unfamiliar faces, as well as images of humans and animals in videos.
Researchers have identified a pH-sensitive pocket in the NMDA receptor that can be targeted by redesigned compounds, offering specificity for stroke and seizure treatments. The 94-series compounds show promise in preventing excessive neuronal firing without affecting healthy brain regions.
A team of neuroscientists has identified two distinct types of neurons in the lateral horn (LH) of fruit flies that are responsible for the innate insect's aversion to carbon dioxide. The study reveals a complex neural circuit underlying olfactory responses, with one type of neuron projecting connections out of the LH and another havin...
A team of scientists at Stanford University has identified a bundle of brain cells in mice responsible for the negative emotions associated with pain. The amygdala region is key to processing painful stimuli and conveying emotional responses.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking finding that blocking specific brain signals in female mice can lead to enhanced bone growth, resulting in stronger bones and reduced risk of osteoporosis. This discovery has the potential to develop new treatments for women and older individuals with fragile bones.
Researchers at TU Dresden found that increasing the number of neurons generated from stem cells improves the sense of smell in mice. This breakthrough suggests that stem cells can be used to enhance brain function and may lead to new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers at VIB-KU Leuven have developed new methods for 3D microscopy, including ALMOST, which provides unprecedented imaging of reflective opaque objects. Additionally, a modernized Golgi staining technique has been optimized to study neurons in more detail, preserving ultrastructural details.
Researchers at Stanford University discovered that activating social brain circuits can suppress feeding behavior in mice. The study used optogenetics to target specific neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex and found that stimulating fewer than two dozen nerve cells linked to social interaction was enough to inhibit feeding behavior.
Researchers discovered manganese's role in disrupting protein transport, leading to parkinsonian symptoms. Manganese accumulates in cellular vesicles, disturbing nerve cell function and affecting Parkinson's disease-like symptoms.
A Vanderbilt University team has deciphered the circuitry of the medial frontal cortex, allowing for more efficient diagnoses of mental illnesses. The findings could also guide medications to target specific receptors in the cerebral cortex for better effectiveness.
Researchers have made novel discoveries about visual cortex layers and the subplate, a mysterious layer below. The team used optimized three-photon microscopy to measure patterns of activity among neurons in six layers of visual cortex and the subplate.
Research by neurobiologists at the University of Würzburg reveals that high-intensity light extends sleep duration and delays evening activity in Drosophila. The study's findings suggest a molecular mechanism involving photo receptors and neuropeptides that regulate the circadian clock.
A new study reveals that astrocytes can lead the tempo of the body's internal clock and control daily behavior patterns in mammals. The discovery could pave the way for new treatments to manage circadian rhythm disruptions related to health conditions like jet lag, sleep disorders, and dementia.
Researchers at Columbia University have uncovered a striking resourcefulness in the genome that coordinates gene regulation to detect diverse scents. By rearranging its structure in three-dimensional space, the genome generates biological diversity needed for the nose to parse an infinite number of scents.
A study by Salk researchers reveals measurable differences in the patterns and speed of development in stem cells from individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The findings could lead to diagnostic methods to detect ASD at an early stage, potentially allowing for preventive interventions.
Researchers created a viable mouse model of Hirschsprung's disease to study its development and progression. The new model revealed that mucin-producing goblet cells may be a target for preventative treatment and that reduced expression of GFRa1 contributes to susceptibility to the disease.
Researchers found that obesity increases levels of senescent cells in the brain, which are linked to anxiety. Clearing these cells with senolytic drugs reduces anxious behavior and improves neurological function in mice.
A recent study characterizes silent seizures in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome and identifies the thalamus as a potential target to stop them. The researchers developed two new strategies to prevent non-convulsive seizures, which can disrupt consciousness and occur hundreds of times daily in affected children.
A new optogenetic system allows for precise control of light intensity and frequency, enabling independent stimulation of multiple brain areas. The device is powered by external magnetic fields and causes no adverse effects, with potential implications for medical devices like pacemakers.
Cells utilize membrane tension to regulate endocytosis and maintain homeostasis. A protein called vinculin senses changes in force and regulates the CLIC/GEEC pathway to control endocytic processes.
A new study led by Salk Institute researchers challenges the long-held view that individual brain cells operate as filters. The study found that the same neurons can prefer coarse or fine details depending on the context, and teaming up endows networks of neurons with flexibility to adapt to changing conditions.
A new study suggests that Actin, a cytoskeleton protein, plays a crucial role in regulating the genome during neuron formation. The research has potential implications for the development of personalized medicines.
Recent updates in stroke research focus on understanding cellular death mechanisms triggered by neuronal damage and astrocyte loss. Novel treatment alternatives, including restoration of blood flow control, are discussed as potential alternatives to existing therapies.
Researchers found that engram neurons, responsible for long-term memory, are formed through a transcriptional cycling process involving MAPK and CREB. This discovery has implications for understanding the mechanisms of learning and improving memory, as well as developing treatments for memory impairment.
Research suggests that autophagy on neuronal cells can lead to neurodegeneration, highlighting the importance of targeting mitochondria and autophagy-related proteins in disease treatment. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer
Neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease may be beneficial as it removes dysfunctional neurons, according to new research published in Cell Reports. The study suggests that the anti-aging mechanism of 'cell competition' plays a crucial role in protecting the brain from damage.
Scientists have successfully reprogrammed human blood cells into a new type of neural stem cell, similar to those in early embryonic development. This breakthrough could lead to the development of regenerative therapies for treating diseases of the nervous system.
Scientists at the University of Edinburgh have created stem cells that can transform into brain cells and produce dopamine, a key neurotransmitter lost in Parkinson's. The gene-edited cells resisted developing Lewy bodies, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.
Researchers have discovered how a protein called Parkin protects neurons in the brain by repairing internal damage that may otherwise kill them. The study found that Parkin 'buys time' for cells to respond to damage and triggers cell death, potentially leading to neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease.
Researchers found that the ability of self-renewal declines in old age, especially in certain intermediate stages called transit amplifying progenitors. This leads to a halt in the production of olfactory cells as they tend to remain in the stem cell pool and become less active.
A new RNA-binding compound has been found to block the most common genetic cause of both familial ALS and frontotemporal dementia, according to researchers at Scripps Research. The compound targets a specific form of RNA involved in protein production, potentially providing a new avenue for treating these diseases.
Excitatory neurons are more susceptible to abnormal tau protein accumulation, a key factor in Alzheimer's disease progression. The study identifies genetic differences between excitatory and inhibitory neurons that may explain their vulnerability.
Researchers at Kanazawa University found that a neuroscience-protein regulates brain boundary formation in fly brains by exchanging with its partners between neurons and glial cells. The protein's balance of attraction and repulsion regulates boundary formation.
Researchers discovered a two-step control mechanism in neural stem cells that differentiates into neurons and astrocytes. PRC1 represses genes related to neuronal function temporarily and permanently at two distinct stages of brain development.